Dopamine Dysregulation in Reward and Autism Spectrum Disorder
Brain Sciences,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
14(7), С. 733 - 733
Опубликована: Июль 22, 2024
Autism
spectrum
disorder
(ASD)
is
primarily
characterized
by
core
deficits
in
social
skills,
communication,
and
cognition
repetitive
stereotyped
behaviors.
These
manifestations
are
variable
between
individuals,
ASD
pathogenesis
complex,
with
over
a
thousand
implicated
genes,
many
epigenetic
factors,
multiple
environmental
influences.
The
mesolimbic
dopamine
(DA)
mediated
brain
reward
system
held
to
play
key
role,
but
the
rapidly
expanding
literature
reveals
intricate,
nuanced
signaling
involving
wide
array
of
loci,
neurotransmitters
receptor
subtypes,
neuronal
variants.
How
altered
DA
may
constitute
downstream
convergence
manifold
causal
origins
not
well
understood.
A
clear
working
framework
help
delineate
common
stages
potential
diagnostic
interventional
opportunities.
Hence,
we
summarize
known
natural
history
context
emerging
data
perspectives
update
signaling.
Then,
against
this
backdrop,
proffer
provisional
that
organizes
into
successive
levels,
including
(1)
genetic
changes,
(2)
disrupted
pathways,
(3)
dysregulated
neurotransmitter/DA
signaling,
finally,
(4)
neurocognitive
behavior
possible
antagonist/agonist
based
interventions.
This
subdivision
logical
progression
potentially
addressable
parts
facilitate
rational
formulation
diagnostics
targeted
treatments.
Язык: Английский
Optimal dose of oxytocin to improve social impairments and repetitive behaviors in autism spectrum disorders: meta-analysis and dose–response meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Frontiers in Psychiatry,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
15
Опубликована: Янв. 29, 2025
Introduction
Social
impairments
and
repetitive
behaviors
are
at
the
core
symptoms
of
autism
spectrum
disorder
(ASD).
Intranasal
administration
neuropeptide
oxytocin
(OXT)
is
a
promising
treatment.
However,
there
have
been
inconsistencies
in
effects
OXT
on
social
behaviors.
Methods
A
comprehensive
search
PubMed,
Cochrane
Library,
Embase,
Web
Science
was
conducted
to
gather
randomized
controlled
trials
(RCTs)
efficacy
patients
diagnosed
with
ASD
up
11/06/2024.
The
outcomes
were
measured
by
total
Responsiveness
Scale
(SRS)
scores
Repetitive
Behavior
(RBS).
Results
This
meta-analysis
ultimately
included
12
RCTs
498
patients.
In
an
initial
analysis,
intranasal
showed
no
significant
effect
impairments.
For
high
dose
48
IU
per
day,
beneficial
found.
According
dose–response
meta-analysis,
results
indicated
that
higher
doses
might
be
more
effective
for
Depending
behaviors,
overall
analysis
effect,
while
over
day
revealed
suggested
could
Discussion
Although
these
findings
show
consistent
effects,
suggest
may
ASD.
Systematic
review
registration
https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero
,
identifier
CRD42024567213.
Язык: Английский
Potential Therapeutic Effects of Ferula gummosa Boiss. Extract on Autistic-like Behaviors in Maternally Separated Mice: Role of NMDA receptor gene
Heliyon,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
unknown, С. e42957 - e42957
Опубликована: Фев. 1, 2025
Язык: Английский
The relationship between serum thyroid hormone levels and symptoms severity in young children with autism
Endocrine Regulations,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
58(1)
Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2024
Abstract
Objective.
Autism
spectrum
disorders
(ASD)
are
neurodevelopmental
characterized
by
impaired
social
interaction
and
communication,
restrictive
repetitive
patterns
of
behavior,
interests
activities.
The
aim
this
study
was
to
determine
the
postnatal
levels
thyroid
hormones
investigate
their
association
with
severity
ASD
symptoms.
Methods.
included
56
children
(46
boys
10
girls)
aged
24–42
months.
For
diagnostics
Diagnostic
Observation
Schedule
-
second
version
(ADOS-2)
Interview-Revised
(ADI-R)
–
interview
child’s
parents
or
guardians
were
used.
Venous
blood
drawn
right
after
diagnostic
procedures
analyze
serum
thyroid-stimulating
hormone
(s-TSH),
free
triiodothyronine
(s-fT3),
thyroxine
(s-fT4)
levels.
Linear
regression
analysis
conducted
assess
relationship
between
concentrations
hormones
symptoms
severity.
Results.
Serum
concentrations
measured
within
normal
reference
ranges
in
almost
all
children.
Decline
s-TSH
significantly
associated
an
increase
communication
as
rated
a
higher
prevalence
stereotyped
behavior
observed
examination
(ADOS-2).
A
decrease
s-fT3
frequency
assessed
(ADI-R).
Neither
sex
nor
age
significant
predictors.
Conclusion.
Although
normal,
we
demonstrated
Язык: Английский
Shank3 deficiency alters midbrain GABAergic neuron morphology, GABAergic markers and synaptic activity in primary striatal neurons
Molecular Brain,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
17(1)
Опубликована: Сен. 27, 2024
Abstract
Abnormalities
in
gamma-aminobutyric
acid
(GABA)ergic
neurotransmission
play
a
role
the
pathogenesis
of
autism,
although
mechanisms
responsible
for
alterations
specific
brain
regions
remain
unclear.
Deficits
social
motivation
and
interactions
are
core
symptoms
likely
due
to
defects
dopaminergic
neural
pathways.
Therefore,
investigating
morphology
functional
roles
GABAergic
neurons
within
projection
areas
could
elucidate
underlying
etiology
autism.
The
aim
this
study
was
(1)
compare
arborization
glutamate
decarboxylase
(GAD)-positive
from
midbrain
tegmentum;
(2)
evaluate
synaptic
activity
primary
striatum;
(3)
assess
postsynaptic
puncta
ventral
striatum
wild-type
(WT)
Shank3
-deficient
mice.
We
found
significant
decrease
number
short
neurites
GAD
positive
tegmentum
application
blocker
GABA
A
receptors
(GABA
R)
revealed
significantly
increased
frequency
spontaneous
currents
(sPSCs)
striatal
compared
their
WT
counterparts.
mean
absolute
amplitude
events
higher
also
observed
reduction
gephyrin/GABA
R
γ2
colocalization
adult
male
gene
expression
collybistin
lower
nucleus
accumbens
while
gephyrin
were
tegmental
area
(VTA)
Shank3-
deficient
In
conclusion,
deficiency
leads
impaired
function
areas.
These
changes
may
underlie
autistic
symptoms,
potential
interventions
modulating
pathways
represent
new
treatment
modality.
Язык: Английский