Опубликована: Май 12, 2025

Abstract White hydrogen (H2), naturally occurring within the Earth's crust, represents a promising yet underexplored opportunity in transition to clean energy. The aim of this review is synthesize current state knowledge on white H2, particularly its formation mechanisms, geological occurrence, and generation rates. It provides detailed evaluation past studies identifying H2 variety environments, including ultramafic rocks, sedimentary basins, fault zones. Additionally, aims position broader economy by comparing it with other forms production (green, blue, grey). This integrates findings from geological, geochemical, energy that have identified measured presence rates H2. Key methodologies explored include surveys, flux measurements, isotopic analysis determine natural processes Extraction techniques are also reviewed, focus scalability, technological feasibility, cost-effectiveness relation technologies. Data real-world models critically assessed understand potential economic environmental impacts. finds can be found significant quantities various formations, regions rocks active tectonic faulting. results suggest advancements detection extraction technology, has become competitive scalable source Comparisons sources highlight lower impact, especially terms greenhouse gas emissions. However, challenges remain refining integrating into existing markets infrastructure. largely untapped resource, unique conditions offering pathway produce naturally, without need for water electrolysis or fossil fuels. contributes body emphasizing H2's role complementing sources. highlights further research rates, technologies, commercial viability. underscore as contributor global decarbonization efforts, rich formations conducive generation.

Язык: Английский