SARS-CoV-2 infection in free-ranging white-tailed deer

Nature, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 602(7897), С. 481 - 486

Опубликована: Дек. 23, 2021

Язык: Английский

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SARS-CoV-2 exposure in wild white-tailed deer ( Odocoileus virginianus )

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 118(47)

Опубликована: Ноя. 3, 2021

Widespread human SARS-CoV-2 infections combined with human-wildlife interactions create the potential for reverse zoonosis from humans to wildlife. We targeted white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) serosurveillance based on evidence these have angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 receptors high affinity SARS-CoV-2, are permissive infection, exhibit sustained viral shedding, can transmit conspecifics, social behavior, and be abundant near urban centers. evaluated 624 prepandemic postpandemic serum samples wild four US states exposure. Antibodies were detected in 152 (40%) 2021 using a surrogate virus neutralization test. A subset of tested test showed concordance between tests. These data suggest populations assessed been exposed SARS-CoV-2.

Язык: Английский

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Divergent SARS-CoV-2 variant emerges in white-tailed deer with deer-to-human transmission

Nature Microbiology, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 7(12), С. 2011 - 2024

Опубликована: Ноя. 10, 2022

Wildlife reservoirs of broad-host-range viruses have the potential to enable evolution viral variants that can emerge infect humans. In North America, there is phylogenomic evidence continual transmission severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) from humans white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) through unknown means, but no We carried out an observational surveillance study in Ontario, Canada during November and December 2021 (n = 300 deer) identified a highly divergent lineage SARS-CoV-2 (B.1.641). This one most lineages so far, with 76 mutations (including 37 previously associated non-human mammalian hosts). From set five complete two partial deer-derived genomes we applied phylogenomic, recombination, selection mutation spectrum analyses, which provided for shared ancestry mink-derived virus. Our analysis also revealed epidemiologically linked human infection. Taken together, our findings provide sustained deer-to-human transmission.

Язык: Английский

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SARS-CoV-2 in animals: potential for unknown reservoir hosts and public health implications

Veterinary Quarterly, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 41(1), С. 181 - 201

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2021

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2, previously 2019-nCoV) is suspected of having originated in 2019 China from a infected bat the genus Rhinolophus. Following initial emergence, possibly facilitated by mammalian bridge host, SARS-CoV-2 currently transmitted across globe via efficient human-to-human transmission. Results obtained experimental studies indicate that animal species such as cats, ferrets, raccoon dogs, cynomolgus macaques, rhesus white-tailed deer, rabbits, Egyptian fruit bats, and Syrian hamsters are susceptible to infection, cat-to-cat ferret-to-ferret transmission can take place contact air. However, natural infections have been reported only pet dogs tigers, lions, snow leopards, pumas, gorillas at zoos, farmed mink ferrets. Even though human-to-animal spillover has several instances, animals-to-humans mink-to-humans farms. rapid within population, new mink-associated variant emerged was identified both humans mink. The increasing reports carnivores higher susceptibility belonging this order. sporadic infection domestic wild require further investigation determine if or related Betacoronaviruses get established kept, feral populations, which may eventually act viral reservoirs. This review analyzes current evidence their possible implications on public health.

Язык: Английский

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Transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from humans to animals and potential host adaptation

Nature Communications, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 13(1)

Опубликована: Май 27, 2022

Abstract SARS-CoV-2, the causative agent of COVID-19 pandemic, can infect a wide range mammals. Since its spread in humans, secondary host jumps SARS-CoV-2 from humans to multiple domestic and wild populations mammals have been documented. Understanding extent adaptation these animal hosts is critical for assessing threat that spillback animal-adapted into poses. We compare genomic landscapes isolated species profiling mutational biases indicative potentially different selective pressures animals. focus on viral genomes mink ( Neovison vison ) white-tailed deer Odocoileus virginianus which independent outbreaks driven by onward animal-to-animal transmission reported. identify five candidate mutations animal-specific (NSP9_G37E, Spike_F486L, Spike_N501T, Spike_Y453F, ORF3a_L219V), one (NSP3a_L1035F), though they appear confer minimal advantage human-to-human transmission. No considerable changes mutation rate or evolutionary trajectory has resulted circulation thus far. Our findings suggest was required following human-to-animal spillover, highlighting ‘generalist’ nature as mammalian pathogen.

Язык: Английский

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SARS-CoV-2 infection, neuropathogenesis and transmission among deer mice: Implications for spillback to New World rodents

PLoS Pathogens, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 17(5), С. e1009585 - e1009585

Опубликована: Май 19, 2021

Coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) emerged in late 2019 China and rapidly became pandemic. As with other coronaviruses, a preponderance of evidence suggests the virus originated horseshoe bats ( Rhinolophus spp.) may have infected an intermediate host prior to spillover into humans. A significant concern is that SARS-CoV-2 could become established secondary reservoir hosts outside Asia. To assess this potential, we challenged deer mice Peromyscus maniculatus ) found robust replication upper respiratory tract, lungs intestines, detectable viral RNA for up 21 days oral swabs 6 lungs. Virus entry brain also occurred, likely via gustatory-olfactory-trigeminal pathway eventual compromise blood-brain barrier. Despite this, no conspicuous signs disease were observed, succumbed infection. Expression several innate immune response genes elevated lungs, including IFNα, IFNβ, Cxcl10, Oas2, Tbk1 Pycard. Elevated CD4 CD8β expression was concomitant Tbx21, IFNγ IL-21 expression, suggesting type I inflammatory response. Contact transmission occurred from naive through two passages, showing sustained natural localization olfactory bulb, recapitulating human neuropathology. In second mouse passage, insertion 4 amino acids fixation N-terminal domain spike protein predicted form solvent-accessible loop. Subsequent examination source BEI Resources determined mutation present at very low levels, demonstrating potent purifying selection insert during vivo passage. Collectively, work has are suitable animal model study neuropathogenesis, they potential serve as North America.

Язык: Английский

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Assessing the risks of SARS-CoV-2 in wildlife

One Health Outlook, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 3(1)

Опубликована: Апрель 6, 2021

The novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 likely emerged from a wildlife source with transmission to humans followed by rapid geographic spread throughout the globe and severe impacts on both human health global economy. Since onset of pandemic, there have been many instances human-to-animal involving companion, farmed zoo animals, limited evidence for into free-living wildlife. establishment reservoirs infection in wild animals would create significant challenges control could pose threat welfare conservation status We discuss potential exposure, onward persistence an initial selection mammals (bats, canids, felids, mustelids, great apes, rodents cervids). Dynamic risk assessment targeted surveillance are important tools early detection wildlife, here we describe framework collating synthesising emerging information inform Surveillance efforts should be integrated public veterinary initiatives provide insights role epidemiology SARS-CoV-2.

Язык: Английский

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Adaptation, spread and transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in farmed minks and associated humans in the Netherlands

Nature Communications, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 12(1)

Опубликована: Ноя. 23, 2021

Abstract In the first wave of COVID-19 pandemic (April 2020), SARS-CoV-2 was detected in farmed minks and genomic sequencing performed on mink farms farm personnel. Here, we describe outbreak use sequence data with Bayesian phylodynamic methods to explore transmission humans farms. High number infections (68/126) workers (>50% farms) were detected, limited community spread. Three five initial introductions led subsequent spread between until November 2020. Viruses belonging largest cluster acquired an amino acid substitution receptor binding domain Spike protein (position 486), evolved faster longer more widely. Movement people distance statistically significant predictors virus dispersal Our study provides novel insights into highlights importance combining genetic information epidemiological when investigating outbreaks at animal-human interface.

Язык: Английский

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White-tailed deer ( Odocoileus virginianus ) may serve as a wildlife reservoir for nearly extinct SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 120(6)

Опубликована: Янв. 31, 2023

The spillover of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) from humans to white-tailed deer (WTD) and its ability transmit raised concerns about the role WTD in epidemiology ecology virus. Here, we present a comprehensive cross-sectional study assessing prevalence, genetic diversity, evolution SARS-CoV-2 State New York (NY). A total 5,462 retropharyngeal lymph node samples collected free-ranging hunter-harvested during hunting seasons 2020 (Season 1, September December 2020, n = 2,700) 2021 2, 2021, 2,762) were tested by real-time RT–PCR (rRT-PCR). RNA was detected 17 (0.6%) Season 1 583 (21.1%) 2. Hotspots infection identified multiple confined geographic areas NY. Sequence analysis genomes 164 demonstrated presence lineages cocirculation three major variants concern (VOCs) (Alpha, Gamma, Delta) WTD. Our suggests occurrence events (human deer) Alpha Delta with subsequent deer-to-deer transmission adaptation viruses. Detection Gamma long after their broad circulation NY that may serve as wildlife reservoir for VOCs no longer circulating humans. Thus, implementation continuous surveillance programs monitor dynamics is warranted, measures minimize virus between animals are urgently needed.

Язык: Английский

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Transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in free-ranging white-tailed deer in the United States

Nature Communications, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 14(1)

Опубликована: Июль 10, 2023

Abstract SARS-CoV-2 is a zoonotic virus with documented bi-directional transmission between people and animals. Transmission of from humans to free-ranging white-tailed deer ( Odocoileus virginianus ) poses unique public health risk due the potential for reservoir establishment where variants may persist evolve. We collected 8,830 respiratory samples across Washington, D.C. 26 states in United States November 2021 April 2022. obtained 391 sequences identified 34 Pango lineages including Alpha, Gamma, Delta, Omicron variants. Evolutionary analyses showed these viruses originated at least 109 independent spillovers humans, which resulted 39 cases subsequent local deer-to-deer three spillover back humans. Viruses repeatedly adapted recurring amino acid substitutions spike other proteins. Overall, our findings suggest that multiple were introduced, became enzootic, co-circulated deer.

Язык: Английский

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