Virology Journal, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 20(1)
Опубликована: Ноя. 27, 2023
Язык: Английский
medRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Год журнала: 2024, Номер unknown
Опубликована: Июль 31, 2024
Abstract Background In early April 2024 we studied two Texas dairy farms which had suffered incursions of H5N1 highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (HPAIV) the previous month. Methods We employed molecular assays, cell and egg culture, Sanger next generation sequencing to isolate characterize viruses from multiple farm specimens (cow nasal swab, milk specimens, fecal slurry, a dead bird). Results detected HPAIV in 64% (9/14) 2.6% (1/39) cattle swab none 17 worker nasopharyngeal specimens. cultured characterized eight H5N1-positive next-generation revealed were closely related into other recent epizootic strains clade 2.3.4.4b. Our isolates mutations associated with increased spillover potential. Surprisingly, SARS-CoV-2 sick cow. Additionally, 14.3% (2/14) workers who donated sera recently symptomatic elevated neutralizing antibodies against strain. Conclusions While our sampling was limited, these data offer additional insight large thus far has impacted at least 96 twelve US states. Due fears that research might damage businesses, studies like this one have been few. need find ways work collecting more comprehensive epidemiological are necessary for design future interventions on farms.
Язык: Английский
Процитировано
6
International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 24(23), С. 17039 - 17039
Опубликована: Дек. 1, 2023
Consistent with well-established biochemical properties of coronaviruses, sialylated glycan attachments between SARS-CoV-2 spike protein (SP) and host cells are key to the virus’s pathology. SP attaches aggregates red blood (RBCs), as shown in many pre-clinical clinical studies, causing pulmonary extrapulmonary microthrombi hypoxia severe COVID-19 patients. heavily surfaces platelets (which, like RBCs, have no ACE2) endothelial (having minimal compound this vascular damage. Notably, experimentally induced RBC aggregation vivo causes same morbidities for COVID-19, including microvascular occlusion, clots, myocarditis. Key risk factors morbidity, older age, diabetes obesity, all characterized by markedly increased propensity clumping. For mammalian species, degree susceptibility correlates aggregability p = 0.033. five human betacoronaviruses, two common cold strains express an enzyme that releases attachments, while deadly SARS, MERS do not, although viral loads infections similar. These insights also explain previously puzzling efficacy certain generics against may support development future therapeutic strategies long COVID
Язык: Английский
Процитировано
12
Animals, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 13(5), С. 772 - 772
Опубликована: Фев. 21, 2023
Cattle and water buffalo are the main livestock species that raised in Campania region, southern Italy, they contribute significantly to regional rural economy. Currently there limited data on prevalence of relevant impact infections, such as bovine coronavirus (BCov), an RNA virus causes acute enteric respiratory disease. Although these diseases described primarily cattle, have been reports spillovers other ruminants, including buffalo. Here, we determined seroprevalence BCoV cattle region Italy. An overall 30.8% was after testing 720 sampled animals with a commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. A risk factor analysis revealed seropositivity rates (49.2%) were higher than (5.3%). In addition, observed older purchased animals. housing type location not associated seroprevalence. The presence antibodies practice co-inhabiting demonstrating this is incorrect promotes transmission pathogens between different species. Our study found considerable seroprevalence, which consistent previous research from countries. results provide information widespread distribution pathogen well factors involved its transmission. This could be useful control surveillance infection.
Язык: Английский
Процитировано
11
Microorganisms, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 13(3), С. 600 - 600
Опубликована: Март 5, 2025
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) continues to pose a significant threat public health. Notably, SARS-CoV-2 demonstrates the capacity infect various non-human animal species, including both captive and free-living animals. Earlier experimental studies revealed low susceptibility of domestic cattle (Bos taurus) ancestral B.1 lineage; however, recent findings indicate greater permissiveness Delta variant. While some detected evidence infection in Italy, Germany, India, Nigeria, currently, there is no infections US cattle. We have investigated over 600 samples, pre-pandemic pandemic sera collected from Pennsylvania for presence antibodies. Since serological tests inherent problems false positives negatives, we conducted comprehensive assessment multiple assays. As are known positive serum used hyperimmune raised with SARS-CoV-2-spike receptor binding domain (RBD) as control test validation. found that pseudovirus neutralization assays luciferase reporter system can produce results, care must be taken interpret diagnosis using these natural or transmission among US. This study underscores importance robust evaluation when employing detection populations.
Язык: Английский
Процитировано
0
Microorganisms, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 10(11), С. 2166 - 2166
Опубликована: Окт. 31, 2022
In the midst of a persistent pandemic probable zoonotic origin, one needs to constantly evaluate interplay SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus-2) with animal populations. Animals can get infected from humans, and certain species, including mink white-tailed deer, exhibit considerable animal-to-animal transmission resulting in potential endemicity, mutation pressure, possible secondary spillover humans. We attempt comprehensive review available data on species by SARS-CoV-2, as presented scientific literature official reports relevant organizations. further lessons humans should learn outbreaks, deer zoo threat for conservation, implication rodents evolution novel variants such Omicron, role pets reservoirs virus. Finally, we outline need broader approach epidemics, general, incorporating principles One Health Planetary Health.
Язык: Английский
Процитировано
18
Current Opinion in Virology, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 63, С. 101365 - 101365
Опубликована: Окт. 2, 2023
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a zoonotic virus able to infect humans and multiple nonhuman animal species. Most natural infections in companion, captive zoo, livestock, wildlife species have been related reverse transmission, raising concern about potential generation of reservoirs due human–animal interactions. To date, American mink white-tailed deer are the only that led extensive intraspecies transmission SARS-CoV-2 after zoonosis, leading an efficient spread subsequent animal-to-human transmission. Viral host adaptations increase probability new variants' emergence could cause major global health impact. Therefore, applying One Health approach crucial prevent overcome future threats for human, animal, environmental fields.
Язык: Английский
Процитировано
9
One Health, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 18, С. 100709 - 100709
Опубликована: Март 12, 2024
Anthropogenic exposure of domestic animals, as well wildlife, can result in zoonotic transmission events with known and unknown pathogens including sarbecoviruses. During the COVID-19 pandemic, SARS-CoV-2 infections most likely resulting from spill-over humans, have been documented worldwide. However, only limited information is available for Africa. The anthropozoonotic humans to followed by further inter- intraspecies propagation may contribute viral evolution, thereby subsequently alter epidemiological patterns transmission. To shed light on possible role animals wildlife ecology epidemiology sarbecoviruses Nigeria, analyze circulation other, undiscovered, but potentially we tested 504 serum samples dogs, rabbits, bats, pangolins collected between December 2020 April 2022. were analyzed using an indirect multi-species enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) based receptor binding domain (RBD) SARS-CoV -2, respectively. ELISA reactive sera highly specific virus neutralization test immunofluorescence confirmation presence antibodies. In this study, found antibodies 16 (11.5%) 7 (2.97%) 2 (7.7%) 20 (13.4%) 6 (2.5%) rabbits pangolins, Interestingly, (2.3%) bat positive RBD These serological findings and/or both indicates requires One Health-oriented research potential reservoir that different species might play coronaviruses at human-animal interface.
Язык: Английский
Процитировано
3
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Год журнала: 2024, Номер unknown
Опубликована: Дек. 10, 2024
In early April 2024 we studied two Texas dairy farms which had suffered incursions of H5N1 highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (HPAIV) the previous month.
Язык: Английский
Процитировано
3
Transboundary and Emerging Diseases, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 69(5)
Опубликована: Май 19, 2022
Wildlife animals may be susceptible to multiple infectious agents of public health or veterinary relevance, thereby potentially forming a reservoir that bears the constant risk re-introduction into human livestock population. Here, we serologically investigated 493 wild ruminant samples collected in 2021/2022 hunting season Germany for presence antibodies against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and four viruses pathogenic domestic ruminants, namely, orthobunyavirus Schmallenberg virus (SBV), reovirus bluetongue (BTV) pestiviruses like bovine viral diarrhoea border disease virus. The animal species comprised fallow deer, red roe mouflon wisent. For serology, additional 307 fallow, deer between 2017 2020 at three military training areas were included. While SBV could detected about 13.6% 2021/2022, only one unknown age tested positive anti-BTV antibodies, all reacted negative pestiviruses. In an ELISA based on receptor-binding domain (RBD) SARS-CoV-2, 25 out (5.1%) autumn winter scored positive. This sero-reactivity not confirmed by highly specific neutralisation test, occurred also 2017, 2018 2019, is, prior SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, was likewise observed RBD related SARS-CoV-1. Therefore, most likely induced another hitherto belonging subgenus Sarbecovirus betacoronaviruses.
Язык: Английский
Процитировано
13
Viruses, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 16(2), С. 224 - 224
Опубликована: Янв. 31, 2024
Horses and cattle have shown low susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2, there is no evidence of experimental intraspecies transmission. Nonetheless, seropositive horses in the US Germany Italy been reported. The current study investigated prevalence antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 Switzerland. In total, 1940 serum plasma samples from 1110 830 were screened with a species-specific ELISA based on receptor-binding domain (RBD) and, case suspect positive results, surrogate virus neutralization test (sVNT) was used demonstrate neutralizing activity antibodies. Further confirmation performed using either pseudotype-based assay (PVNA; horses) or an indirect immunofluorescence (IFA; cattle). animals sampled between February 2020 December 2022. Additionally, 486 bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL), oropharyngeal, nasal rectal swab analyzed for presence RNA via reverse transcriptase quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). Six (0.5%; 95% CI: 0.2–1.2%) RBD-ELISA, detected two them confirmatory sVNT PVNA tests. PVNA, highest titers measured Alpha Delta variants. Fifteen (1.8%; 1.0–3.0%) RBD-ELISA; 3 had SARS-CoV-2-specific 4 15 confirmed be IFA. All tested RT-qPCR-negative. results support hypotheses that infections Switzerland up end
Язык: Английский
Процитировано
2