Acute and chronic neurological disorders in COVID-19: potential mechanisms of disease

Brain, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 144(12), С. 3576 - 3588

Опубликована: Авг. 13, 2021

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a global pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection and associated with both acute chronic disorders affecting the nervous system. Acute neurological patients COVID-19 range widely from anosmia, stroke, encephalopathy/encephalitis, seizures to Guillain-Barré syndrome. Chronic sequelae are less well defined although exercise intolerance, dysautonomia, pain, as neurocognitive psychiatric dysfunctions commonly reported. Molecular analyses of CSF neuropathological studies highlight vascular immunologic perturbations. Low levels viral RNA have been detected in brains few acutely ill individuals. Potential pathogenic mechanisms phase include coagulopathies cerebral hypoxic-ischaemic injury, blood-brain barrier abnormalities endotheliopathy possibly neuroinvasion accompanied neuro-immune responses. Established diagnostic tools limited lack clearly specific syndromes. Future interventions will require delineation syndromes, algorithm development uncovering underlying that guide effective therapies.

Язык: Английский

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Long COVID or post COVID-19 syndrome

Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 55, С. 103268 - 103268

Опубликована: Сен. 17, 2021

SARS-COV- 2 is now recognized to be responsible not only for a lung condition but multi-organ syndrome (Ramakrishnan et al., 2021). After the initial acute infection, like many other viral disorders, multitude of long-lasting symptoms have been described. Although widely discussed in social media evidence around this new scarce. A provisional definition would persistent and potential sequelae beyond four weeks from onset, which main features are breathlessness, cognitive impairment, fatigue, anxiety depression

Язык: Английский

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Post-acute sequelae of COVID-19: Evidence of mood & cognitive impairment

Brain Behavior & Immunity - Health, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 17, С. 100347 - 100347

Опубликована: Сен. 14, 2021

Acute health consequences associated with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection have been thoroughly characterized; however, long-term impacts are not yet understood. Post-acute sequelae of COVID-19 (PASC), also known as Long COVID syndrome, is the persistence symptoms long after viral infection. In addition to physical symptoms, those PASC experience changes in mental health, but few studies empirically examined these effects. The current study investigated mood and cognitive functioning individuals who recovered from We recruited 100 male female adults (M ​= ​30 years old) no history or impairment prior pandemic (Jan. 2020). Half subjects were healthy controls (i.e., infection) half had received a past diagnosis (ascertained by PCR antibody test) longer infectious. Participants completed self-reported measures stress, depression, anhedonia, well Attention Network Test (ANT), behavioural measure attentional alerting, orienting executive functioning. Relative controls, depression anhedonia significantly higher past-COVID group. Selective attention was observed group, marked deficits while alerting abilities remained intact. Effects most pronounced among diagnosed 1-4 months assessment. There group differences pandemic-related experiences respect social interaction, distancing, isolation. scored on perceived stress; this did moderate any effects cognition. These findings implicate protracted reaction virus, possibly via prolonged inflammation, contributing sustained dysregulation impairment. Future research should examine neural physiological underpinnings PASC, particularly mechanisms that promote psychiatric following diagnosis.

Язык: Английский

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Dementia and COVID-19, a Bidirectional Liaison: Risk Factors, Biomarkers, and Optimal Health Care

Journal of Alzheimer s Disease, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 82(3), С. 883 - 898

Опубликована: Июнь 1, 2021

Cognitive impairment following SARS-CoV-2 infection is being increasingly recognized as an acute and possibly also long-term sequela of the disease. Direct viral entry well systemic mechanisms such cytokine storm are thought to contribute neuroinflammation in these patients. Biomarkers COVID-19-induced cognitive currently lacking, but there some limited evidence that could preferentially target frontal lobes, suggested by behavioral dysexecutive symptoms, fronto-temporal hypoperfusion on MRI, EEG slowing regions, hypometabolism 18F-FDG-PET. Possible confounders include due hypoxia mechanical ventilation post-traumatic stress disorder. Conversely, patients already suffering from dementia, their caregivers, have been greatly impacted disruption care caused COVID-19. Patients with dementia experienced worsening cognitive, behavioral, psychological rate COVID-19-related deaths disproportionately high among cognitively impaired people. Multiple factors, difficulties remembering executing safeguarding procedures, age, comorbidities, residing homes, poorer access hospital standard play a role increased morbidity mortality. Non-pharmacological interventions new technologies shown potential for management support caregivers.

Язык: Английский

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Effects of COVID-19 on cognition and brain health

Trends in Cognitive Sciences, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 27(11), С. 1053 - 1067

Опубликована: Авг. 30, 2023

COVID-19 is associated with a range of neurological, cognitive, and mental health symptoms both acutely chronically that can persist for many months after infection in people long-COVID syndrome. Investigations cognitive function neuroimaging have begun to elucidate the nature some these symptoms. They reveal that, although deficits may be related brain imaging abnormalities people, also occur absence objective or changes. Furthermore, impairment detected even asymptomatic individuals. We consider evidence regarding symptoms, deficits, neuroimaging, as well their possible underlying mechanisms.

Язык: Английский

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Relationship between COVID‐19 and movement disorders: A narrative review

European Journal of Neurology, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 29(4), С. 1243 - 1253

Опубликована: Дек. 17, 2021

The scientific literature on COVID-19 is increasingly growing.In this paper, we review the movement disorders in context of pandemic.First, there are a variety transient that may manifest acute phase COVID-19, most often myoclonus, with more than 50 patients described literature. New onset parkinsonism, chorea, and tic-like behaviours have also been reported. Movement as side effect after vaccination rare, occurring frequency 0.00002-0.0002 depending product used, mostly manifesting tremor. Current evidence for potential long-term manifestations, example, long COVID separately discussed. Second, pandemic has had an impact pre-existing disorder syndromes, negative effects clinical status overall well-being, reduced access to medication health care. In many parts, led reorganization medical system, including development new digital solutions. disorder-related reviewed discussed.The associated preventive measures status, care, well-being disorders.

Язык: Английский

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18F-FDG-PET Imaging for Post-COVID-19 Brain and Skeletal Muscle Alterations

Viruses, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 13(11), С. 2283 - 2283

Опубликована: Ноя. 15, 2021

Scientific evidence concerning the subacute and long-term effects of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is on rise. It has been established that infection by serious acute respiratory syndrome 2 (SARS-CoV-2) a systemic process involves multiple organs. The complications consequences COVID-19 are diverse patients need multidisciplinary treatment approach in post-acute stages disease. A significant proportion experience neurological manifestations, some enduring for several months post-recovery. However, brain skeletal muscle changes resultant from SARS CoV-2 remain largely unknown. Here, we provide brief overview current knowledge, usefulness, [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (18F-FDG-PET/CT) to investigate muscles Post-COVID-19 with persistent symptoms. Furthermore, discussion future 18F-FDG-PET/CT applications might advance knowledge pathogenesis post-COVID-19 also provided.

Язык: Английский

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Comorbidities, Associated Diseases, and Risk Assessment in COVID-19—A Systematic Review

International Journal of Clinical Practice, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 2022, С. 1 - 24

Опубликована: Окт. 31, 2022

It is considered that COVID-19’s pandemic expansion responsible for the particular increase in deaths, especially among population with comorbidities. The health system often overwhelmed by large number of cases patients addressing it, regional limitation funds, and gravity at subjects suffering from this pathology. Several associated conditions including diabetes, cardiovascular illnesses, obesity, persistent lung condition, neurodegenerative diseases, etc., mortality risk hospitalization COVID-19. rapid identification increased death SARS-CoV-2 virus, stratification accordance allocation human, financial, logistical resources proportion must be a priority systems worldwide.

Язык: Английский

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Persistent olfactory dysfunction after COVID‐19 is associated with reduced perfusion in the frontal lobe

Acta Neurologica Scandinavica, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 146(2), С. 194 - 198

Опубликована: Апрель 25, 2022

Olfactory dysfunction is common during SARS-CoV-2 infection. The pathophysiology of the persistence this symptom and potential relationship with central nervous system involvement unknown.To evaluate neural correlates persistent olfactory in a series patients post-COVID syndrome.Eighty-two syndrome were assessed Brief Smell Identification Test multimodal MRI study including 3D-T1, T2-FLAIR, diffusion-tensor imaging, arterial spin labeling. neuroimaging examinations performed 11.18 ± 3.78 months after acute Voxel-based brain mapping analyses conducted to correlate test volumes, white matter microstructure, perfusion.Olfactory was associated lower tissue perfusion orbital medial frontal regions labeling sequence. Conversely, no statistically significant findings detected volumes imaging. Mild changes paranasal sinuses nasal cavities 9.75% cases, association deficits.We provide new insights regarding COVID-19, involving main system.

Язык: Английский

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Severe pediatric acute encephalopathy syndromes related to SARS-CoV-2

Frontiers in Neuroscience, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 17

Опубликована: Фев. 27, 2023

To clarify whether severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection cause encephalopathy in children and which are the most common syndromes that them what outcomes.A nationwide web-based survey among all members of Japanese Society Child Neurology to identify pediatric patients aged < 18 years who developed Japan between 1 January 2020 31 May 2022 associated with confirmed by polymerase chain reaction or antigen tests using pharyngeal swabs. Acute was defined as onset impaired consciousness lasting > 24 h an altered mental state; neurological symptoms arising within weeks COVID-19 multisystem inflammatory (MIS-C)/pediatric (PIMS); evidence SARS-CoV-2 infection; reasonable exclusion other diseases. Patients were divided into known clinico-radiological group unexplained unclassifiable group. Outcomes assessed cerebral performance category (PCPC) score at hospital discharge.Of 3,802 society members, 217 representing institutions responded, 39 suspected reported, met inclusion criteria. Of these patients, 14 diagnosed syndromes, biphasic seizures late reduced diffusion (five patients) being common. Five MIS-C/PIMS. Among 9 (29.0%) had sequelae died (PCPC ≥ 4). Two three fulminant edema two hemorrhagic shock died. The PCPC scores higher than (P 0.01).Acute related demonstrated be more caused viruses Japan. characterized specific neuroradiological findings poor clinical outcomes.

Язык: Английский

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