Strategies for Mitigating Impacts to Aerofauna from Offshore Wind Energy Development: Available Evidence and Data Gaps

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Год журнала: 2024, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Авг. 22, 2024

Abstract Offshore wind energy (OSW) development, while a key strategy for reducing global reliance on fossil fuels, nevertheless has environmental effects that should be mitigated. We reviewed the scientific literature and gray to identify approaches mitigating (e.g., avoiding, minimizing, or compensating for) of OSW development birds bats (aerofauna). The review included studies from other industries where relevant, including terrestrial offshore oil gas industry. Of total 212 mitigation 233 source documents, 59% proposed were not tested in assess effectiveness at anthropogenic impacts aerofauna. field implemented, indicated evidence their only about 36% cases. Thus, there was no 86% identified this review. For birds, minimization related lighting artificial light, avoiding white steady-burning lights) most commonly effective methods maladaptive attraction collisions. bats, via alteration turbine operations curtailment feathering blades) shown effective. Minimization main focus but is limited approaches, we suggest implementation dedicated testing explore suggested implemented measures such as birds. As such, avoidance (via careful siting industrial activity avoid wildlife habitats) remains best available option mitigation. To fully mitigate aerofauna, compensation offset strategies also further explored.

Язык: Английский

Offshore wind farms interfacing using HVAC-HVDC schemes: A review

Computers & Electrical Engineering, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 120, С. 109797 - 109797

Опубликована: Окт. 25, 2024

Язык: Английский