Biomedicines, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 13(4), С. 857 - 857

Опубликована: Апрель 2, 2025

Background/Objectives: Natural killer (NK) cells play a crucial role in tumor surveillance by exerting cytotoxic activity and modulating immune responses. However, tumors employ diverse evasion strategies that limit NK cell effectiveness. This review aims to explore the molecular mechanisms of activation inhibition cancer, influence microenvironment, latest advancements cell-based immunotherapies, including adoptive transfer Chimeric Antigen Receptor-Natural Killer (CAR-NK) therapies. Methods: A comprehensive literature was conducted, prioritizing peer-reviewed studies from last decade on biology, evasion, immunotherapeutic applications. The analysis includes data preclinical models clinical trials evaluating expansion strategies, cytokine-based stimulation, CAR-NK therapy developments. Results: eliminate through granule release, death receptor pathways, cytokine secretion. evade NK-mediated immunity downregulating activating ligands, secreting immunosuppressive molecules, altering microenvironment. Novel therapies, such as combination approaches with checkpoint inhibitors, enhance persistence therapeutic efficacy against both hematologic solid malignancies. Clinical suggest improved safety profiles compared CAR-T reduced release syndrome graft-versus-host disease. Conclusions: While immunotherapies hold great promise, challenges remain, limited tumor-induced immunosuppression. Addressing these hurdles will be critical for optimizing therapies advancing next-generation, off-the-shelf immunotherapeutics broader

Язык: Английский