Latest advances in hepatocellular carcinoma management and prevention through advanced technologies

Egyptian Liver Journal, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 14(1)

Опубликована: Янв. 2, 2024

Abstract Background Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a common type of liver cancer, with high mortality rate. cancer that can be effectively managed through early detection and accurate diagnosis, followed by personalized treatment plan may include surgical resection, transplantation, minimally-invasive techniques, immunotherapy, or targeted therapy depending on the stage severity cancer. Main body abstract This paper discusses recent advances in detection, management, prevention HCC. The use newer imaging such as Magnetic resonance (MRI) contrast-enhanced ultrasound, along image segmentation technology deep learning models, have greatly enhanced accuracy HCC diagnosis. Minimally-invasive thermal ablation radiofrequency ablation, allowed for more precise destruction tumors, while Nanoparticles, immunotherapy shown promise management advanced Artificial intelligence (AI) machine has revolutionized research, aiding identification high-risk patients predicting outcomes. Lifestyle modifications, weight alcohol avoidance, hepatitis B vaccinations, play critical role preventing development. Short conclusion Recent improving patient therapy, AI research lifestyle modifications prevention. However, further required to fully understand potential benefits nanoparticles, traditional Chinese medicine herbal medicines treatment. Graphical

Язык: Английский

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Oxidative stress and inflammation: elucidating mechanisms of smoking-attributable pathology for therapeutic targeting

Bulletin of the National Research Centre/Bulletin of the National Research Center, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 48(1)

Опубликована: Янв. 22, 2024

Abstract Background Tobacco smoking remains a major preventable cause of disease and death worldwide. Combustible cigarettes release thousands chemicals that can initiate inflammatory pathways leading to smoking-related illness. This review aims synthesize current scientific knowledge on mechanisms smoking-induced disease, epidemiological trends, clinical strategies from recent literature. Main body the abstract At cellular level, cigarette smoke triggers oxidative stress through reactive oxygen species (ROS), causing DNA damage. provokes signaling cascades mediated by damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), receptors like RAGE TLRs, downstream cytokines. Smoking also disrupts apoptosis autophagy. In lungs, inflammation play central roles in COPD pathogenesis. Smoking-induced damage, chronic inflammation, impaired immunity combine promote lung carcinogenesis. For cardiovascular endothelial dysfunction, platelet activation, atherogenesis oxidized LDL effects nitric oxide adhesion molecules. Short conclusion Given unequivocal evidence health risks, cessation is critical reducing disability. Both counseling pharmacotherapy have proven efficacy for quitting, but limited long-term. Emerging nicotine products e-cigarettes unknown impacts population health. Comprehensive efforts encompassing prevention, screening, treatment innovation, harm reduction, policy reform focused curbing smoking-attributable morbidity mortality are warranted.

Язык: Английский

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Shaping the Future of Cardiac Wellness: Exploring Revolutionary Approaches in Disease Management and Prevention

Journal of Clinical Cardiology, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 5(1), С. 6 - 29

Опубликована: Янв. 5, 2024

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) remain a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Effective prevention management strategies are essential to reduce the burden CVDs. This review summarizes recent advances in In terms prevention, lifestyle modifications, such as diet, exercise, smoking cessation, important strategies. Pharmacological interventions, including statins, antiplatelet agents, antihypertensive medications, have also shown benefits. Innovative approaches, genetic testing risk stratification, targeted strategies, use mobile health technology, being explored. management, acute reperfusion therapy for myocardial infarction, heart failure stroke improved outcomes. Chronic medical failure, arrhythmia device precision medicine personalized treatment, artificial intelligence diagnosis traditional Chinese regenerative medicine, investigated. While CVDs promising, challenges implementing these cost-effectiveness, access care, resistance change clinical practice. Continued research innovation improve patient

Язык: Английский

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Translational Insights into Molecular Mechanisms of Chemical Hepatocarcinogenesis for Improved Human Risk Assessment

Advances in Clinical Toxicology, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 9(1), С. 1 - 8

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2024

Background: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a prevalent liver cancer with major risk factors being hepatitis viral infections, alcohol, non-alcoholic fatty disease, and aflatoxin exposure. Both genotoxic non-genotoxic agents can induce HCC through mechanisms involving DNA damage, oxidative stress, chronic inflammation, disrupted signaling pathways like MAPK/ERK, PI3K/AKT, WNT/β-catenin PPARα. While rodent assays are utilized to detect potential chemical hepatocarcinogens, species differences in PPARα CAR/PXR activation impact human assessment. Purpose: This analysis provides an updated, critical examination of concordance hepatic carcinogenesis inform safety assessment tumor findings. Main Body: Rodent including 2-year bioassays, transgenic models, short-term studies tumors lifetime exposure or early biomarkers. However, rodent-specific activation, along hepatitis, highlight key interspecies differences. Determining mode action relevance requires evaluating mechanistic validity pivotal events leading across species. Non-genotoxic compounds eliciting activate PPARα, CAR/PXR, other triggering increased cell replication; but downstream may differ liver. Understanding applicability these humans as well incorporating into experimental models for accurate Conclusion: In summary, elucidating conserved versus divergent molecular between rodents essential appropriately interpreting findings safeguarding health science-based frameworks regulatory decision-making processes around hazards.

Язык: Английский

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Emerging advanced approaches for diagnosis and inhibition of liver fibrogenesis

The Egyptian Journal of Internal Medicine, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 36(1)

Опубликована: Фев. 12, 2024

Abstract Background Liver fibrosis results from chronic liver injury and is characterized by excessive deposition of extracellular matrix proteins including collagen. It can progress to cirrhosis failure. Main body the abstract Multiple cellular signaling pathways drive hepatic stellate cell activation fibrogenesis. Advances in biomarkers, imaging modalities, omics platforms enable noninvasive diagnosis staging fibrosis. Emerging antifibrotic approaches include medications like pirfenidone, obeticholic acid, monoclonal antibodies targeting pro-fibrotic mediators. Cell therapies using mesenchymal stem cells demonstrate potential through paracrine immunosuppression. Tissue-engineered grafts biomaterial carriers for localized drug delivery are promising technologies. Microfluidic liver-on-a-chip with patient-derived provide unprecedented models study human test candidates. Short conclusion Significant has elucidated mechanisms underlying fibrogenesis uncovered novel therapeutic targets. Ongoing challenges translating preclinical findings, improving efficacy, enabling personalized precision medicine approaches. Further research into combinatorial therapies, tissue engineering technologies will advance treatment all causes.

Язык: Английский

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Schisandra chinensis in Liver Disease: Exploring the Mechanisms and Therapeutic Promise of an Ancient Chinese Botanical

Archives of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 6(1), С. 27 - 33

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2024

Background: Schisandra chinensis is a traditional Chinese herbal medicine that has been used for centuries liver health. The active lignans in Schisandra, including schisandrin and gomisins, have exhibited anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, hepatoprotective properties preliminary studies. With rising rates of chronic diseases globally, there interest the potential therapeutic role Schisandra. Purpose: To comprehensively review current evidence treating injury disease synthesize implications future human research. Main body: extracts decreased inflammatory cytokines oxidative stress markers increased endogenous antioxidant activity animal models, suggesting utility mitigating inflammation damage. Additional preclinical studies demonstrated attenuated enzyme levels, necrosis, fibrosis progression chemical-induced hepatotoxicity with treatment. Enhanced cytochrome P450 activity, glutathione production, glycogen synthesis were also observed, improving detoxification regeneration capacity. Small trials hepatitis nonalcoholic fatty showed improved enzymes symptoms supplementation but limited quality sample size. Conclusion: biologically relevant mechanisms warrant further research on its as phytotherapy. Well-designed, large-scale clinical are needed to establish efficacy safety applications.

Язык: Английский

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Can Vaccines Stop Cancer Before It Starts? Assessing the Promise of Prophylactic Immunization Against High-Risk Preneoplastic Lesions

Journal of Cellular Immunology, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 5(4), С. 127 - 140

Опубликована: Ноя. 29, 2023

Background: Cancer remains a leading cause of mortality with modest declines, highlighting the need for more efficacious prevention strategies like early immunological intervention against premalignant disease. Main body abstract: Oncogenic viruses demonstrate prophylactic vaccines can successfully reduce malignancy by blocking precipitating infections. However, most cancers lack viral etiology, requiring novel approaches targeting sporadic precancerous states to enable immunoprevention. Preneoplastic tissues exhibit biological changes making them appealing targets stimulating immune surveillance before additional mutations unconstrained proliferation. High-risk precancers also provide sources dysregulated self-antigens. Yet challenges exist in lesion identification, overcoming tolerance, and avoiding inflammation potentially worsening progression. Multidisciplinary insights into precancer immunology, predictive biomarkers, antigen discovery, combinatorial vaccination are illuminating rational vaccine design. Despite obstacles, immunization dysplastic holds disruptive potential if key steps advance this approach. Elucidating preneoplasia immunobiology progression risk modeling will be critical guide productive while mitigating immunotherapy hazards. Thoughtful translation could eventually shift paradigms priming immunosurveillance peak vulnerability lesions. Short Conclusion: Advancements may profoundly expand horizons. Cautious intercept toward widely disseminated malignancies. This warrants methodical efforts unravel promise thwarting lethal they start.

Язык: Английский

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Emerging Technologies and Advanced Biomarkers for Enhanced Toxicity Prediction and Safety Pharmacology

Advances in Clinical Toxicology, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 9(1), С. 1 - 9

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2024

Background: Biomarkers are important tools in toxicology that can improve risk assessment, early detection of organ injury, and monitoring pharmacological responses. However, rigorous validation is necessary to justify use for regulatory decisionmaking. Purpose: This article reviews the current landscape surrounding established emerging biomarkers toxicity across multiple techniques, with a focus on assessment merits, limitations, needs. Main Body: An overview common clinical chemistry used safety liver, kidney, heart, inflammation first provided, highlighting their biological relevance applications detecting dysfunction. Novel protein enhanced sensitivity injury then discussed, such as microRNAs liver clusterin kidney. Metabolomic biomarker approaches assess biofluids mitochondrial outlined, along toxicogenomic markers susceptibility like HLA alleles. Non-invasive imaging techniques including ultrasound, MRI, PET tracers function explored provide additional modalities measurement. Emerging microphysiological systems high-throughput omics discovery also described. Conclusion: While great progress has been made, translation qualification novel remains challenging. review synthesizes key developments categories, evaluates readiness use, outlines strategic considerations fit-for-purpose advance integration into drug development programs.

Язык: Английский

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Transforming Toxicity Assessment through Microphysiology, Bioprinting, and Computational Modeling

Advances in Clinical Toxicology, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 9(1), С. 1 - 14

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2024

Background: Traditional toxicity testing emphasizes animal models with growing concerns regarding predictive capacity, throughput and ethics. Rapid innovation surrounding human cell platforms, bioengineered tissues, omics techniques computational tools offers more modern alternatives aligned expanding knowledge of chemical biological pathways. These disruptive approaches promise immense potential to transform next-generation safety assessment drug development pipelines. Purpose: This review provides clinical researchers an updated, comprehensive perspective across evolving areas focus in new methods analysis latest advances translational context. Main Body: We survey progress two- three-dimensional cultures recapitulating tissue/organ complexity impossible conventional assays. Complementing this, modeling integrates structure-activity relationships, physicochemical properties physiological interactions predict pharmacokinetics silico. Expanding model organisms add further dimensionality demographic relevance. High-throughput imaging technologies unravel mechanisms illuminate biomarkers undetectable by standard measures. Specialized show high addressing toxicodynamic intricacies within disease contexts like diabetes NAFLD. Evaluating traditional medicines phytochemicals likewise represents area growth well-suited for contemporary platforms. Future outlook weighs remarkable advantages reducing demands, enabling precision toxicology links medicine overhauling core risk frameworks. Conclusion: intends catalyze discourse on strategic optimization priorities roadmaps towards fully unlocking the yet still emerging public health these poising transformation sciences centered human-focused models.

Язык: Английский

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Transforming Screening, Risk Stratification, and Treatment Optimization in Chronic Liver Disease Through Data Science and translational Innovation

The Indonesian Journal of Gastroenterology Hepatology and Digestive Endoscopy, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 25(1), С. 53 - 62

Опубликована: Май 16, 2024

Background: Chronic liver diseases continue to face challenges in prognosis, treatment selection, disease mechanisms, screening, and therapeutic optimization. Promising innovations could address these gaps through data integration novel analytic approaches.Main Body: MAPS-CRAFITY integrating clinical variables, AFP, CT/MRI findings, transformer modeling of RFA improve HCC outcome prediction guide management. Analyses revealing IL21R as a PBC susceptibility gene implicating dysfunctional VWF processing portal hypertension deliver mechanistic insights. Quantifying childhood MAFLD informs screening needs, while supporting use G6PD deficient donors enables transplantation access expansion risk stratification. Updating Baveno criteria enhances an prognostic score identifies optimal candidates maximize efficacy.Conclusion: Recent research leverages diverse types, genetics, imaging, machine learning develop integrated predictive systems that allow more personalized therapy selection. Elucidating molecular pathways provides targets biomarkers. Evidence-based models facilitate delivering tailored interventions. Optimization current modalities validation patient selection improves real-world effectiveness. Multifaceted modern approaches promise unmet needs transform hepatology care.

Язык: Английский

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