Significant
advances
are
witnessed
in
the
past
decades
robotic
cell
manipulation,
but
a
few
challenges
still
present
for
label-free
imaging
and
subcellular
calling
more
powerful
tools.
Traditional
relies
on
staining
affects
viability,
digital
holographic
microscopy
holds
potential
3D
imaging.
Moreover,
to
achieve
intracellular
deformation
modeling
motion
control
level
need
be
developed.
Lastly,
machine
learning
can
help
artificially
increase
microscope
depth
of
field,
predict
labeled
images
from
unlabeled
images,
super-resolution
image
conventional
image,
which
all
greatly
enhance
capabilities.
Theranostics,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
13(9), С. 2993 - 3020
Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2023
Micro/nanomotors
are
containers
that
pass
through
liquid
media
and
carry
cargo.Because
they
tiny,
micro/nanomotors
exhibit
excellent
potential
for
biosensing
disease
treatment
applications.However,
their
size
also
makes
overcoming
random
Brownian
forces
very
challenging
moving
on
targets.Additionally,
to
achieve
desired
practical
applications,
the
expensive
materials,
short
lifetimes,
poor
biocompatibility,
complex
preparation
methods,
side
effects
of
must
be
addressed,
adverse
evaluated
both
in
vivo
applications.This
has
led
continuous
development
key
materials
driving
micro/nanomotors.In
this
work,
we
review
working
principles
micro/nanomotors.Metallic
nonmetallic
nanocomplexes,
enzymes,
living
cells
explored
as
micro/nanomotors.We
consider
exogenous
stimulations
endogenous
substance
conditions
micro/nanomotor
motions.The
discussion
focuses
applications
biosensing,
treating
cancer
gynecological
diseases,
assisted
fertilization.By
addressing
shortcomings,
propose
directions
further
developing
applying
micro/nanomotors.
Journal of The Royal Society Interface,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
22(222)
Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2025
Dissipative
environments
are
ubiquitous
in
nature,
from
microscopic
swimmers
low-Reynolds-number
fluids
to
macroscopic
animals
frictional
media.
In
this
study,
we
consider
a
mathematical
model
of
slender
elastic
locomotor
with
an
internal
rhythmic
neural
pattern
generator
examine
various
undulatory
locomotion
such
as
Caenorhabditis
elegans
swimming
and
crawling
behaviours.
By
using
local
mechanical
load
mechanosensory
feedback,
have
found
that
robustly
emerges
different
rheological
This
progressive
behaviour
is
then
characterized
global
attractor
through
dynamical
systems
analysis
Poincaré
section.
Furthermore,
by
controlling
the
mechanosensation,
were
able
design
manoeuvre
progressive,
reverse
turning
motions
well
apparently
random,
complex
behaviours,
reminiscent
those
experimentally
observed
C.
elegans.
The
mechanisms
together
our
methodology,
useful
for
deciphering
animal
adaptive
behaviours
designing
robots
capable
wide
range
dissipative
environments.
Bioinspiration & Biomimetics,
Год журнала:
2022,
Номер
17(4), С. 041002 - 041002
Опубликована: Апрель 20, 2022
Flexible
slender
structures
are
ubiquitous
in
biological
systems
and
engineering
applications.
Fluid-structure
interaction
(FSI)
plays
a
key
role
the
dynamics
of
such
immersed
fluids.
Here,
we
survey
recent
studies
on
highly
simplified
bio-inspired
models
(either
mathematical
or
mechanical)
that
aim
to
revealthe
flow
physics
associated
with
FSI.
Various
from
different
sources
inspiration
included,
namely
flexible
flapping
foil
inspired
by
fish
insects,
deformable
membrane
jellyfish
cephalopods,
beating
filaments
flagella
cilia
microorganisms,
wall-mounted
terrestrial
aquatic
plants.
Suggestions
directions
for
future
research
also
provided.
Physical review. E,
Год журнала:
2022,
Номер
105(6)
Опубликована: Июнь 6, 2022
We
theoretically
investigate
self-oscillating
waves
of
an
active
material,
which
were
recently
introduced
as
a
nonsymmetric
part
the
elastic
moduli,
termed
odd
elasticity.
Using
Purcell's
three-link
swimmer
model,
we
reveal
that
odd-elastic
filament
at
low
Reynolds
number
can
swim
in
self-organized
manner
and
time-periodic
dynamics
are
characterized
by
stable
limit
cycle
generated
elastohydrodynamic
interactions.
Also,
consider
noisy
shape
gait
derive
swimming
formula
for
general
material
Stokes
regime
with
its
elasticity
modulus
being
represented
matrix,
demonstrating
produces
biased
net
locomotion
from
random
noise.
Journal of Fluid Mechanics,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
979
Опубликована: Янв. 9, 2024
The
observed
behaviour
of
passive
objects
in
simple
flows
can
be
surprisingly
intricate,
and
is
complicated
further
by
object
activity.
Inspired
the
motility
bacterial
swimmers,
this
two-part
study
we
examine
three-dimensional
motion
rigid
active
particles
shear
Stokes
flow,
focusing
on
bodies
that
induce
rapid
rotation
as
part
their
In
Part
1
develop
a
multiscale
framework
to
investigate
these
emergent
dynamics
apply
it
spheroidal
objects.
2
(Dalwadi
et
al.
,
J.
Fluid
Mech.
vol.
979,
2024,
A2)
our
understand
more
complex
shapes;
helicoidal
with
chirality.
Via
multiple
scales
asymptotic
analysis
for
nonlinear
systems,
systematically
derive
equations
long-term
trajectories
explicitly
account
strong
(leading-order)
effects
fast
spinning.
Supported
numerical
examples,
constructively
link
effective
well-known
Jeffery's
orbits
spheroids,
deriving
an
explicit
closed-form
expression
shape
particle,
broadening
scope
seminal
spinning
spheroids.
ABSTRACT
Spermatozoa
reach
the
fallopian
tube
during
ovulation
by
traveling
through
female
reproductive
tract
mucus.
This
non‐Newtonian
viscoelastic
medium
facilitates
spermatozoon
movement
to
accomplish
fertilization
or,
in
some
cases,
blocks
movement,
leading
infertility.
While
rheological
properties
are
known
affect
motility
with
vitro
models
using
synthetic
polymers,
their
precise
effects
vivo
understudied.
paper
reviews
measurements
of
mucus
humans
and
model
animals,
focusing
on
viscosity
its
potential
effect
spermatozoa.
Mucus
tract's
different
compartments
is
poorly
understood.
information
this
subject
incomplete,
most
mammals
appear
have
a
decrease
along
tracts.
Based
sparse
information,
we
hypothesize
that
changes
tracts
may
guide
spermatozoa
eggs,
novel
concept
could
improve
our
understanding
biology.
Journal of Fluid Mechanics,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
1009
Опубликована: Апрель 11, 2025
A
single
particle
representation
of
a
self-propelled
microorganism
in
viscous
incompressible
fluid
is
derived
based
on
regularised
Stokeslets
three
dimensions.
The
formulation
developed
from
limiting
process
which
two
equal
and
opposite
strength
but
with
different
size
regularisation
parameters
approach
each
other.
parameter
that
captures
the
difference
provides
asymmetry
needed
for
propulsion.
We
show
resulting
limit
superposition
stresslet
potential
dipole.
model
framework
then
explored
relative
to
provide
insight
into
their
selection.
particular
case
identical
particles
swimming
next
other
presented
stability
investigated.
Additional
flow
characteristics
are
incorporated
modelling
addition
rotlet
double
characterise
rotational
flows
present
during
swimming.
Lastly,
we
versatility
deriving
method
wall
effects
an
infinite
plane
using
images.
Asian Pacific Journal of Reproduction,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
unknown
Опубликована: Апрель 11, 2025
Sperm-structure-integrating
nanodecorated
microrobots
have
shown
promise
in
medicine
delivery
and
infertility
treatment.
A
variety
of
spermbots
use
cutting-edge
nanomaterials
3D
printing
technology
to
enhance
their
functioning,
such
as
biomimetic
sperms
flagellate
microorganisms.
The
success
rates
assisted
reproductive
techniques
like
vitro
fertilisation
(IVF)
intracytoplasmic
sperm
injection
(ICSI)
may
increase
a
result
these
developments.
Furthermore,
the
incorporation
artificial
intelligence
(AI)
into
has
potential
optimize
therapies
by
reducing
inherited
illnesses
through
genetic
screening
editing.
However,
before
widespread
implementation
clinical
practice,
several
critical
aspects
must
be
addressed.
Thorough
investigations
biocompatibility,
ethical
considerations,
long-term
safety
are
necessary
ensure
that
technologies
safe
effective
for
vivo
applications.
Scientific Reports,
Год журнала:
2022,
Номер
12(1)
Опубликована: Дек. 14, 2022
Computational
techniques
are
widely
used
to
solve
complex
optimization
problems
in
different
fields
such
as
engineering,
finance,
biology,
and
so
on.
In
this
paper,
the
Human
Conception
Optimizer
(HCO)
is
proposed
a
novel
metaheuristic
algorithm
any
problems.
The
idea
of
based
on
some
biological
principles
human
conception
process,
selective
nature
cervical
gel
female
reproductive
system
allow
only
healthy
sperm
cells
into
cervix,
guidance
mucus
help
track
genital
tracking
path
towards
egg
Fallopian
tube,
asymmetric
flagellar
movement
which
allows
move
system,
hyperactivation
process
make
them
able
fertilize
an
egg.
Thus,
strategies
pursued
by
searching
for
tube
modeled
mathematically.
best
will
meet
position
be
solution
algorithm.
performance
HCO
examined
with
set
basic
benchmark
test
functions
called
IEEE
CEC-2005
CEC-2020.
A
comparative
study
also
performed
between
other
available
algorithms.
significance
results
verified
statistical
methods.
To
validate
algorithm,
two
real-world
engineering
examined.
For
purpose,
14
over-current
relay
8
bus
distribution
considered.
With
improvement
50%
60%
total
operating
times
observed
comparing
existing
same
system.
Another
problem
designing
optimal
proportional
integral
derivative
(PID)
controller
blower
driven
patient
hose
mechanical
ventilator
(MV)
significant
terms
response
time,
settling
time
MV
results.
