Advances in bioinformatics and biomedical engineering book series,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
unknown, С. 397 - 432
Опубликована: Ноя. 27, 2024
Environmental
remediation
is
a
dynamic
field
aimed
at
removing
pollutants
from
natural
ecosystems.
This
chapter
explores
key
pollutant
degradation
mechanisms,
including
biological,
chemical,
and
physical
methods,
their
integration
into
water
soil
techniques.
Fused
S-heterocycles—compounds
with
unique
chemical
properties—play
central
role
in
enhancing
these
processes.
In
biological
remediation,
they
act
as
catalysts
or
mediators,
boosting
microbial
activity
enzymatic
degradation,
advanced
oxidation
processes
like
photocatalysis
ozonation,
fused
S-heterocycles
improve
light
absorption
electron
transfer.
Physical
such
adsorption
filtration,
are
optimized
by
incorporating
compounds
adsorbents.
Water
techniques,
phytoremediation,
bioreactors,
membrane
enhanced
S-heterocycles,
which
activity,
efficiency.
These
heterocycles
offer
eco-friendly,
innovative
solutions
for
sustainable,
long-term
environmental
restoration.
Materials Today Catalysis,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
5, С. 100052 - 100052
Опубликована: Май 22, 2024
This
review
delves
into
the
underlying
principles,
advantages,
challenges,
and
recent
developments
in
photoelectrocatalysis
(PEC)
processes
for
wastewater
treatment
green
hydrogen
production.
PEC
is
an
emerging
technique
that
holds
great
promise
addressing
two
critical
challenges
simultaneously,
namely,
degradation
of
industrial
pollutants
generation
clean
energy
form
gas.
In
years,
many
studies
have
explored
use
photoanodes
to
harness
solar
treatment.
These
facilitate
breakdown
contaminants,
while
cathode
concurrently
produces
hydrogen.
The
enables
production
both
water
gas
from
wastewater.
dual
benefit
makes
it
attractive
avenue
sustainable
generation.
process
capitalizes
on
constructive
interaction
between
electrochemical
reactions
photocatalysis.
Solar
efficiently
converted
electron-hole
pairs,
which
play
a
pivotal
role
water-splitting
occurring
at
electrode
surfaces.
Achieving
best
performance
involves
scrutiny
various
parameters,
including
catalyst
loading,
pH,
light
intensity,
electrolyte
composition.
photoelectrocatalytic
system
shows
commendable
stability
durability
during
extended
operation,
reinforcing
its
practical
applicability.
provides
comprehensive
overview
process,
materials,
optimization
strategies,
driving
efficiency.
Considering
potential
benefits
costs
larger
scale
underscores
significance
environmental
concerns
energy-related
issues
concurrently.
Therefore,
promising
pathway
toward
energy,
bridging
gap
stewardship
technological
advancement.
The
textile
industry
is
known
for
its
high
water
consumption
and
production
of
toxic
effluents,
including
azo
dyes
such
as
Reactive
Black
5
(RB-5),
which
are
resistant
to
removal.
Adsorption
offers
a
promising,
cost-effective
solution,
particularly
with
value-added
composites
made
from
abundant
materials.
This
study
synthesized,
characterized,
applied
C/TiO2-based
composite
remove
RB-5
water.
XRD
analysis
only
confirmed
anatase
the
primary
support,
while
FTIR
detected
adsorbate
molecules
on
C/TiO2
surface,
marked
by
appearance
sulfone
group
band.
Raman
XPS
analyses
indicated
reduced
Sp2
carbon
content
lower
graphitization
after
adsorption,
probably
due
mechanical
stress.
Additionally,
nitrogen
physisorption
demonstrated
that
material
mesoporous,
surface
area
56.24
m2
g–1,
pore
diameter
9.41
nm.
exhibited
strong
affinity
anionic
species
like
RB-5,
especially
at
pH
values
below
point
zero
charge
(7.47).
Batch
studies
Avrami
kinetic
adsorption
rate
0.3023
min–1
(at
25
°C),
temperature
effects
followed
Arrhenius
model,
an
activation
energy
+41.10
kJ
mol–1.
Sips
isotherm
data
maximum
capacity
17.48
mg
g–1
55
°C.
Thermodynamic
entropically
controlled,
endothermic,
spontaneous
process
temperatures.
These
aspects
confirm
potential
eco-friendly
effective
removal
aqueous
solutions.
IntechOpen eBooks,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
unknown
Опубликована: Янв. 14, 2025
Titanium
dioxide
(TiO2)
also
known
as
titania
belongs
to
the
class
of
transitions
metal
oxides.
has
become
a
oxide
fascinating
significance
in
research
sphere
due
its
numerous
environmental
and
industrial
applications.
This
chapter
presents
an
overview
physical,
crystal,
structural
semiconductor
properties
TiO2
while
delving
into
direct
indirect
band
gaps,
fermi
levels
semiconductors,
density
states
carrier
concentration.
The
environmental,
pharmaceutical,
deodorization,
photovoltaic
water
purification
applications
were
discussed.
Although
clusters
have
focus
several
computational
studies,
typical
hardware
higher
processing
power,
giving
way
for
simulations
cumbersome
systems,
some
cluster
sizes
used
studies
are
relatively
small
not
fit
handle
specific
problems
or
complex
systems
significant
First-principle
functional
theory
calculation
using
software
GPAW
that
implements
electron
represented
on
real
space
grids
projector-augmented
wave
method
utilized
this
study
investigate
optical
electronic
characteristics
brookite
clusters.
results
investigations
electrical
different-sized
intricate
purpose
simulating
charge
transfer
mechanisms
hybrid
organic-inorganic
photovoltaics
photocatalytic
obliteration
contaminants
presented
chapter.
