Efficacy of GLP-1 RA Approved for Weight Management in Patients With or Without Diabetes: A Narrative Review

Advances in Therapy, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 39(6), С. 2452 - 2467

Опубликована: Май 3, 2022

Язык: Английский

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Atherosclerosis Development and Progression: The Role of Atherogenic Small, Dense LDL

Medicina, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 58(2), С. 299 - 299

Опубликована: Фев. 16, 2022

Atherosclerosis is responsible for large cardiovascular mortality in many countries globally. It has been shown over the last decades that reduction of atherosclerotic progression a critical factor preventing future events. Low-density lipoproteins (LDL) have successfully targeted, and their one key measures patients with disease. LDL particles are pivotal formation plaques; yet, they quite heterogeneous, smaller, denser species most atherogenic. These greater arterial entry retention, higher susceptibility to oxidation, as well reduced affinity receptor. Increased proportion small, dense an integral part atherogenic lipoprotein phenotype, common form dyslipidemia associated insulin resistance. Recent data suggest both genetic epigenetic factors might induce expression this specific lipid pattern. In addition, typical finding increased was confirmed different categories elevated risk. Small, independent risk diseases, which emphasizes clinical importance quality quantity LDL. An effective management disease should take into account presence order prevent complications.

Язык: Английский

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New Insights into Endothelial Dysfunction in Cardiometabolic Diseases: Potential Mechanisms and Clinical Implications

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 25(5), С. 2973 - 2973

Опубликована: Март 4, 2024

The endothelium is a monocellular layer covering the inner surface of blood vessels. It maintains vascular homeostasis regulating tone and permeability exerts anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-proliferative, anti-thrombotic functions. When exposed to detrimental stimuli including hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, neurohormonal imbalance, different biological pathways are activated leading oxidative stress, endothelial dysfunction, increased secretion adipokines, cytokines, endothelin-1, fibroblast growth factor, reduced nitric oxide production, eventually loss integrity. Endothelial dysfunction has emerged as hallmark dysmetabolic impairment contributes effects on cardiac metabolism diastolic development cardiovascular diseases heart failure. Different biomarkers have been proposed predict in order identify microvascular macrovascular damage atherosclerosis, particularly metabolic disorders. also plays an important role severe COVID-19 complications patients after SARS-CoV-2 infection. In this review, we will discuss mechanisms involved dysregulation context cardiometabolic well available promising clinical practice.

Язык: Английский

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Consequences of COVID-19 for the Pancreas

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 23(2), С. 864 - 864

Опубликована: Янв. 13, 2022

Although coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)-related major health consequences involve the lungs, a growing body of evidence indicates that COVID-19 is not inert to pancreas either. This review presents summary molecular mechanisms involved in development pancreatic dysfunction during course COVID-19, comparison effects non-severe acute respiratory syndrome 2 (SARS-CoV-2) on function, and how drugs used treatment may affect this organ. It appears diabetes only condition predisposes patient suffer from more severe but it also develop as consequence infection with virus. Some SARS-CoV-2 inpatients experience pancreatitis due direct tissue virus or systemic multiple organ (MODS) accompanied by elevated levels amylase lipase. There are reports reveal relationship between cancer infection. has been postulated evaluation function should be increased post-COVID-19 patients, both adults children.

Язык: Английский

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By what molecular mechanisms do social determinants impact cardiometabolic risk?

Clinical Science, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 137(6), С. 469 - 494

Опубликована: Март 1, 2023

Abstract While it is well known from numerous epidemiologic investigations that social determinants (socioeconomic, environmental, and psychosocial factors exposed to over the life-course) can dramatically impact cardiovascular health, molecular mechanisms by which lead poor cardiometabolic outcomes are not understood. This review comprehensively summarizes a variety of current topics surrounding biological effects adverse (i.e., biology adversity), linking translational laboratory studies with findings. With strong focus on chronic stress, we highlight an array immunological signaling in context health (SDoH). The main covered include biomarkers sympathetic nervous system hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis activation, role inflammation adversity focusing glucocorticoid resistance key inflammatory cytokines linked environmental stressors (PSES). We then further discuss effect SDoH immune cell distribution characterization subset, receptor expression, function. Lastly, describe epigenetic regulation stress response telomere length aging. Ultimately, critical knowledge gaps for future research as strive develop more targeted interventions account improve at-risk, vulnerable populations.

Язык: Английский

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An Update on the Current and Emerging Use of Thiazolidinediones for Type 2 Diabetes

Medicina, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 58(10), С. 1475 - 1475

Опубликована: Окт. 17, 2022

Guidelines have increasingly stressed the concept that adequate glycemic control is required to prevent or decrease macro- and microvascular complications of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). PPAR-gamma agonists ("glitazones") are no longer prioritized due their effects on heart failure. However, association between these drugs innovative therapies could be a valuable tool attenuate risk factors metabolic syndrome. Glitazones used for treatment associated comorbidities. There substantial scientific evidence demonstrating effect glitazones at cardiometabolic level, as well hematological neurological pathologies point usefulness. The use has always been controversial both patients who must take side with them. Unfortunately, recent guidelines do not include them among preferred hyperglycemia rosiglitazone out market in many countries an adverse cardiovascular profile. Even though real-life studies proven otherwise, pleiotropic highlighted, they unable achieve primacy choice antihyperglycemic drugs. It would appropriate demonstrate usefulness pioglitazone its therapeutic benefit further safety studies.

Язык: Английский

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The Role of Fructose as a Cardiovascular Risk Factor: An Update

Metabolites, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 12(1), С. 67 - 67

Опубликована: Янв. 12, 2022

There is increasing presence of fructose in food and drinks, some evidence suggests that its higher consumption increases cardiovascular risk, although the mechanisms still remain not fully elucidated. Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are responsible for one-third deaths worldwide, therefore, their prevention should be assessed managed comprehensively by evaluation individual risk factor components. Lifestyle factors CVD include low degree physical activity, high body mass index, alcohol consumption, smoking, nutritional factors. Indeed, unhealthy dietary behaviors, such as intake refined foods, fats, added sugars, sodium a fruits, vegetables, whole grains, fiber, fish, nuts. Even though there no definitive association between incidence total sugar, sucrose fructose, is, however, harmfully associated with mortality. Since elevated plasma triglyceride levels, well insulin resistance, diabetes hyperuricemia, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, further longitudinal studies conducted to elucidate potential certain sugars CVD.

Язык: Английский

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Telemedicine for diabetes management during COVID-19: what we have learnt, what and how to implement

Frontiers in Endocrinology, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 14

Опубликована: Май 17, 2023

The past two decades have witnessed telemedicine becoming a crucial part of health care as method to facilitate doctor-patient interaction. Due technological developments and the incremental acquisition experience in its use, telemedicine’s advantages cost-effectiveness has led it being recognised specifically relevant diabetology. However, pandemic created new challenges for healthcare systems rate development digital services started grow exponentially. It was soon discovered that COVID-19-infected patients with diabetes had an increased risk both mortality debilitating sequelae. In addition, observed this higher could be attenuated primarily by maintaining optimal control patient’s glucose metabolism. As opportunities actual physical visits became restricted, provided most convenient opportunity communicate maintain delivery care. wide range experiences provision during several excellent strategies regarding applicability across whole spectrum continuation these is likely benefit clinical practice even after crisis over.

Язык: Английский

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Correlations between Diabetes Mellitus Self-Care Activities and Glycaemic Control in the Adult Population: A Cross-Sectional Study

Healthcare, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 10(1), С. 174 - 174

Опубликована: Янв. 17, 2022

Although it is well known that lifestyle changes can affect plasma glucose levels, there little formal evidence for the sustained effectiveness of exercise and diet in diabetes mellitus (DM) management. Self-care DM refers to real-life application knowledge patient gained during education programmes. The goals are bring about patient's behaviour, thus improving glycaemic control. We evaluated influence self-care activities (SCA) on control a total 159 patients with DM. Plasma glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) levels were used monitor control, while SCA assessed using standardised Diabetes Self-Management Questionnaire (DSMQ). In our study, 53% had HbA1c ≥ 7%. univariate linear regression models, statistically significant inverse association was observed between (the dependent variable) both DSMQ Dietary Control Score (R2 = 0.037, p 0.0145) Sum 0.06, 0.0014). mean absolute change HbA1c% associated one standard deviation (SD) Score, independent other variables retained compacted multivariate model, -0.419% (confidence interval: 95%: from -0.18 -0.65). impact modest when compared findings emphasise importance maintaining optimal avoid hyperglycaemia its complications. conclusion, enhanced self-management improved chronic diseases such as DM, role streamlining encompassing physical activity proper dietary choices imperative because significantly reduced access healthcare globally result COVID-19 pandemic.

Язык: Английский

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A New Look at Novel Cardiovascular Risk Biomarkers: The Role of Atherogenic Lipoproteins and Innovative Antidiabetic Therapies

Metabolites, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 12(2), С. 108 - 108

Опубликована: Янв. 24, 2022

The presence of residual cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk is a current dilemma in clinical practice; indeed, despite optimal management and treatment, considerable proportion patients still undergo major CV events. Novel lipoprotein biomarkers are suggested as possible targets for improving the outcomes at higher CVD, their impact on events mortality have previously been investigated. Innovative antidiabetic therapies recently shown significant reduction atherogenic lipoproteins, beyond effects glucose parameters; it has also that such anti-atherogenic effect may represent valuable mechanistic explanation benefit of, least, some novel agents, glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists. This emphasizes need further research field order to clearly assess innovative treatments different biomarkers, including small dense low-density (LDL), lipoprotein(a) (Lp(a)) dysfunctional high-density (HDL). article discusses importance lipid better overcome risk.

Язык: Английский

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