Apolipoprotein B-containing lipoproteins in atherogenesis

Nature Reviews Cardiology, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Янв. 2, 2025

Язык: Английский

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Nitrotyrosine, Nitrated Lipoproteins, and Cardiovascular Dysfunction in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: What Do We Know and What Remains to Be Explained?

Antioxidants, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 11(5), С. 856 - 856

Опубликована: Апрель 27, 2022

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a strong risk factor for the development of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), which are most important cause morbidity and mortality in population patients living with DM. DM associated lipid metabolism disorders characterized by decrease high-density lipoprotein blood concentration, an increase triglyceride presence modified lipoproteins not routinely measured clinical practice. Nitrated produced nitration tyrosyl residues apolipoproteins myeloperoxidase. There some evidence from research conducted showing that nitrated may play role dysfunction, but this issue requires further investigation. It was found HDL particles caspase-3 paraoxonase-1 activity, as well activity cholesterol transport via ABCA1, reduces protective effect on system. Less information has been collected about LDL particles. Thus far, much more obtained relationship nitrotyrosine expression factors dysfunction. The purpose paper to provide extensive review literature present current state knowledge association between dysfunction system, especially Moreover, directions future area were discussed.

Язык: Английский

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Atherosclerosis and Its Related Laboratory Biomarkers

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 24(21), С. 15546 - 15546

Опубликована: Окт. 24, 2023

Atherosclerosis constitutes a persistent inflammatory ailment, serving as the predominant underlying condition for coronary artery disease (CAD), peripheral (PAD), and cerebrovascular disease. The progressive buildup of plaques within walls medium- large-caliber arteries characterizes atherosclerotic process. This accumulation results in significant narrowing that impedes blood flow, leading to critical tissue oxygen deficiency. Spontaneous blockage thrombotic vessels can precipitate stroke myocardial infarction, which are complications representing primary global causes mortality. Present-day models predicting cardiovascular risk incorporate conventional factors gauge likelihood events over ten-year span. In recent times, researchers have identified serum biomarkers associated with an elevated events. Many these biomarkers, whether used individually or combination, been integrated into prediction assess their inclusion enhances predictive accuracy. this review, we conducted comprehensive analysis most recently published literature concerning atherosclerosis. We explored potential utility incorporating markers guiding clinical decisions.

Язык: Английский

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Use of Apolipoprotein B in the Era of Precision Medicine: Time for a Paradigm Change?

Journal of Clinical Medicine, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 12(17), С. 5737 - 5737

Опубликована: Сен. 3, 2023

Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) remains the leading cause of death worldwide and risk a major event is highest among those with established disease. Ongoing management these patients relies on accurate assessment their response to any prescribed therapy, residual risk, in order optimize treatment. Recent international guidelines position statements concur that plasma concentration apolipoprotein B (apoB) most measure lipoprotein associated ASCVD risk. This especially true for growing number individuals diabetes, obesity, or metabolic syndrome, statin therapy. Most guidelines, however, continue promote LDL-C as primary marker due uncertainty whether greater accuracy apoB sufficient warrant paradigm shift. Recommendations regarding measurement vary, information provided how interpret results sometimes insufficient, particularly non-lipid specialists. Misinformation reliability assays also frequently repeated despite its equivalent better standardization than many other diagnostic assays. Thus, demand testing relatively low, which means there little incentive increase availability reduce cost. In this review, we examine recent clinical outcomes studies meta-analyses relative values apoB, LDL-C, non-HDL-C markers Although seemingly minimal difference when only population-based metrics are considered, it evident from our analysis that, personalized precision medicine standpoint, would benefit, at negligible total cost, if were integrated into diagnosis treatment ASCVD.

Язык: Английский

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Oxidized Low-Density Lipoprotein and Its Role in Immunometabolism

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 25(21), С. 11386 - 11386

Опубликована: Окт. 23, 2024

Modified cholesterols such as oxidized low-density lipoprotein (OxLDL) contribute to atherosclerosis and other disorders through the promotion of foam cell formation inflammation. In recent years, it has become evident that immune responses inflammatory molecules OxLDLs depend on cellular metabolic functions. This review examines known effects OxLDL immunometabolism in several diseases. We additionally provide context relationship between aging/senescence identify gaps literature our current understanding these areas.

Язык: Английский

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Photodynamic Therapy for Atherosclerosis: Past, Present, and Future

Pharmaceutics, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 16(6), С. 729 - 729

Опубликована: Май 29, 2024

This review paper examines the evolution of photodynamic therapy (PDT) as a novel, minimally invasive strategy for treating atherosclerosis, leading global health concern. Atherosclerosis is characterized by accumulation lipids and inflammation within arterial walls, to significant morbidity mortality through cardiovascular diseases such myocardial infarction stroke. Traditional therapeutic approaches have primarily focused on modulating risk factors hypertension hyperlipidemia, with emerging evidence highlighting pivotal role inflammation. PDT, leveraging photosensitizer, specific-wavelength light, oxygen, offers targeted treatment inducing cell death in diseased tissues while sparing healthy ones. specificity, combined advancements nanoparticle technology improved delivery, positions PDT promising alternative traditional interventions. The explores mechanistic basis its efficacy preclinical studies, potential enhancing plaque stability reducing macrophage density plaques. It also addresses need further research optimize parameters, mitigate adverse effects, validate long-term outcomes. By detailing past developments, current progress, future directions, this aims highlight PDT’s revolutionizing atherosclerosis treatment, bridging gap from experimental clinical application.

Язык: Английский

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Emerging role of sphingolipids and extracellular vesicles in development and therapeutics of cardiovascular diseases

IJC Heart & Vasculature, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 53, С. 101469 - 101469

Опубликована: Июль 23, 2024

Sphingolipids are eighteen carbon alcohol lipids synthesized from non-sphingolipid precursors in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). The sphingolipids serve as for a vast range of moieties found our cells that play critical role various cellular processes, including cell division, senescence, migration, differentiation, apoptosis, pyroptosis, autophagy, nutrition intake, metabolism, and protein synthesis. In CVDs, different subclasses other derived molecules such sphingomyelin (SM), ceramides (CERs), sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) directly related to diabetic cardiomyopathy, dilated myocarditis, ischemic heart disease (IHD), hypertension, atherogenesis. Several genome-wide association studies showed an between genetic variations sphingolipid pathway genes risk CVDs. plays important biogenesis secretion exosomes. Small extracellular vesicles (sEVs)/ exosomes have recently been possible indicators onset linking signaling pathways contribute progression. Important features EVs like biocompatibility, crossing biological barriers can improve pharmacokinetics drugs will be exploited develop next-generation drug delivery systems. this review, we comprehensively discussed sphingolipids, metabolites development addition, concise deliberations were laid discuss sEVs/exosomes regulating pathophysiological processes CVDs therapeutic targets.

Язык: Английский

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Tackling Dyslipidemia in Obesity from a Nanotechnology Perspective

Nutrients, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 14(18), С. 3774 - 3774

Опубликована: Сен. 13, 2022

Obesity and dyslipidemia are the main features of metabolic syndrome, expressed mainly by adipose tissue dysfunction connected similar pathways pharmacotherapy. Conventional drugs used in these two associated disorders limited due to poor drug efficiency, non-specificity, toxic side effects. Therefore, novel solutions for tackling obesity-associated diseases providing insights into development innovative or improved therapies necessary. Targeted nanotherapy is a revolutionary technology, offering promising solution combatting disadvantages currently available treating obesity its superior features, which include specific cell targeting, protection against physiological degradation, sustained release. This review presents brief assessment dyslipidemia, their impacts on human health, current treatment, limitations, role potential use nanotechnology coupled with targeted delivery nutraceuticals as emerging therapies. To best our knowledge, this paper presents, first time literature, comparison between nano-formulations based and/or natural extracts applied experimental studies.

Язык: Английский

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Sex Differences Define the Vulnerability to Atherosclerosis

Clinical Medicine Insights Cardiology, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 17

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2023

For several decades, atherosclerosis has attracted the attention of researchers around world. Even being a major cause serious cardiovascular disease and events, is still not fully understood. Despite fact that main players in pathogenesis are well known, many mechanisms their implementation interactions remain unknown. The same can be said about risk factors for atherosclerosis. Many them but exactly how they work remains to seen. objective this review summarize latest data on sex as biological variable humans animals; determine what we do know affects process growth complications In review, summarized differences at 3 atherosclerotic aspects: inflammation, vascular remodeling, plaque morphology. With all overviewed data, came conclusion atheroprotective role female sex.

Язык: Английский

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RFX1 regulates foam cell formation and atherosclerosis by mediating CD36 expression

International Immunopharmacology, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 130, С. 111751 - 111751

Опубликована: Фев. 24, 2024

Язык: Английский

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