From energy to (soil organic) matter

Global Change Biology, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 28(7), С. 2169 - 2182

Опубликована: Янв. 3, 2022

In this concept paper, we propose a new view on soil organic matter (SOM) formation: microorganisms use most of the organics entering as energy rather than source carbon (C), while SOM accumulates residual by-product because microbial investment in its decomposition exceeds gain. During initial stages decomposition, nominal oxidation state C (NOSC) remaining litter decreases, and content increases. This reflects rapid mineralization available compounds with positive neutral NOSC (carboxylic acids, sugars, some amino acids). Consequently, drops to -0.3 units, rate decreases due relative accumulation aromatic aliphatic (which are hydrolized later) entombment necromass. Ultimately, incompletely decomposed plant residues will have 1%-2.5% more per unit litter. The linear decrease density broad range substances by 106 kJ mol-1 upon is supported experimental data decomposition. Preferential recycling energy-rich reduced (lipids, aromatics, certain sugars) degradation oxidized acids) also energetically enrich SOM. Despite high content, availability stored lower explains why not fully mineralized (thermodynamically unfavorable), especially absence provide (e.g., bare soil). Energy from activates decomposers mine nutrients (the main ecological function priming effects) nutrient 2-5 times higher that results only 0.4%-5% year-1 litter-derived being sequestered SOM, whereas stores 1%-10% total energy. Thus, captured photosynthesis reason utilize matter, whereby merely storage mediator fluxes.

Язык: Английский

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Coupled iron cycling and organic matter transformation across redox interfaces

Nature Reviews Earth & Environment, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 4(9), С. 659 - 673

Опубликована: Авг. 24, 2023

Язык: Английский

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Formation of necromass-derived soil organic carbon determined by microbial death pathways

Nature Geoscience, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 16(2), С. 115 - 122

Опубликована: Янв. 25, 2023

Язык: Английский

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Climate change: Strategies for mitigation and adaptation

The Innovation Geoscience, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 1(1), С. 100015 - 100015

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2023

<p>The sustainability of life on Earth is under increasing threat due to human-induced climate change. This perilous change in the Earth's caused by increases carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases atmosphere, primarily emissions associated with burning fossil fuels. Over next two three decades, effects change, such as heatwaves, wildfires, droughts, storms, floods, are expected worsen, posing greater risks human health global stability. These trends call for implementation mitigation adaptation strategies. Pollution environmental degradation exacerbate existing problems make people nature more susceptible In this review, we examine current state from different perspectives. We summarize evidence Earth’s spheres, discuss emission pathways drivers analyze impact health. also explore strategies highlight key challenges reversing adapting change.</p>

Язык: Английский

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Mechanisms and implications of bacterial–fungal competition for soil resources

The ISME Journal, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 18(1)

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2024

Abstract Elucidating complex interactions between bacteria and fungi that determine microbial community structure, composition, functions in soil, as well regulate carbon (C) nutrient fluxes, is crucial to understand biogeochemical cycles. Among the various interactions, competition for resources main factor determining adaptation niche differentiation these two big groups soil. This because C energy limitations growth are a rule rather than an exception. Here, we review demands of fungi—the major kingdoms soil—the mechanisms their other resources, leading differentiation, global change impacts on this competition. The normalized utilization preference showed 1.4–5 times more efficient uptake simple organic compounds substrates, whereas 1.1–4.1 effective utilizing compounds. Accordingly, strongly outcompete while take advantage Bacteria also compete with products released during degradation substrates. Based specifics, differentiated spatial, temporal, chemical niches will increase under five changes including elevated CO2, N deposition, soil acidification, warming, drought. Elevated warming bacterial dominance, acidification drought fungal competitiveness.

Язык: Английский

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Tree species diversity increases soil microbial carbon use efficiency in a subtropical forest

Global Change Biology, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 29(24), С. 7131 - 7144

Опубликована: Окт. 19, 2023

Plant communities strongly influence soil microbial and, in turn, carbon (C) cycling. Microbial use efficiency (CUE) is an important parameter for predicting C accumulation, yet how plant and community traits CUE remains poorly understood. Here, we determined influenced by traits, studying a natural gradient of species diversity subtropical forest. Our results showed that increased with increasing tree diversity, suggesting correlation between storage. The specific properties explained the greatest variation were associated (biomass, enzyme activities ratio oligotrophic to copiotrophic taxa); there weaker correlations plant-input properties, chemistry organic quality its mineral protection. Overall, high was correlated diversity: higher substrate availability (simple SOM chemical structures weak associations) growth rates despite dominance strategists. point mechanism which may increase forest sink affecting community.

Язык: Английский

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Energy use efficiency of soil microorganisms: Driven by carbon recycling and reduction

Global Change Biology, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 29(22), С. 6170 - 6187

Опубликована: Авг. 30, 2023

Abstract Carbon use efficiency (CUE) is being intensively applied to quantify carbon (C) cycling processes from microbial cell global scales. Energy (EUE) at least as important the CUE because (i) microorganisms organic C mainly an energy source and not elemental per se, (ii) growth maintenance are limited by energy, but a structural element. We conceptualize review importance of EUE soil focus on content in compounds depending nominal oxidation state (NOSC), approaches assess EUE, (iii) similarities differences between (iv) discuss mechanisms responsible for lower compared CUE. The atom (enthalpy combustion, total stored compound) very closely (R 2 = 0.98) positively related NOSC increases 108 kJ mol −1 one unit. For first time we assessed biomass (−0.52) calculated corresponding −510 C. linked considering element compositions substrates utilized microorganisms. mean (0.32–0.35) 18% than (0.41) using glucose substrate. This definitely indicates that relative Based comparison broad range utilization maintenance, well database experimental various compounds, clearly explained five main factors why two behind versus are: recycling: can be microbially recycled, whereas always only once, chemical reduction inorganic compounds: used reduction, which ongoing without utilization.

Язык: Английский

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From rhizosphere to detritusphere – Soil structure formation driven by plant roots and the interactions with soil biota

Soil Biology and Biochemistry, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 193, С. 109396 - 109396

Опубликована: Март 9, 2024

Roots and the associated soil directly affected by root activity, termed rhizosphere, have both been extensively studied recognized for their crucial role in functioning. The formation of rhizosphere is primarily driven effect roots on shaping physical structure soil, which turn has direct feedbacks interactions between physical, biological chemical processes. As a result, hot spot microbial cycling nutrients turnover organic matter. Despite pivotal controlling processes, we still lack quantitative description understanding interrelationships root-systems creation stabilization structure. We provide comprehensive review current knowledge novel insights into processes that drive rhizosphere. These are regulated multiple indirect pathways, involving growth, production rhizodeposits hairs, as well activity microorganisms fauna. Further, highlight may persist evolve after death to an extent currently largely unknown. Finally, identify five pertinent challenges should be addressed fully apprehend thus harness potential resilience plant-soil interactions. include refining structural assessment sampling rhizosheaths, examining in-situ bridging gap solid phase pore scale research. In our view, overcoming these obstacles can accomplished combining power imaging isotopic approaches, especially at field scale, encompassing diverse soils plant species. ultimate objective future research upscale conducting more experiments concert with modeling efforts, under umbrella collaborative interdisciplinary

Язык: Английский

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Plant diversity drives positive microbial associations in the rhizosphere enhancing carbon use efficiency in agricultural soils

Nature Communications, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 15(1)

Опубликована: Сен. 14, 2024

Expanding and intensifying agriculture has led to a loss of soil carbon. As agroecosystems cover over 40% Earth's land surface, they must be part the solution put in action mitigate climate change. Development efficient management practices maximize carbon retention is currently limited, part, by poor understanding how plants, which input soil, microbes, determine its fate there, interact. Here we implement diversity gradient intercropping undersown species with barley large field trial, ranging from one eight species. We find that increasing plant strengthens positive associations within rhizosphere microbial community relation negative associations. These associations, turn, enhance use efficiency. Jointly, our results highlight can used as strategy potential agricultural soils.

Язык: Английский

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Soil organic carbon mineralization is controlled by the application dose of exogenous organic matter

SOIL, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 11(1), С. 105 - 119

Опубликована: Янв. 30, 2025

Abstract. Substantial input of exogenous organic matter (EOM) may be required to offset the projected decline in soil carbon (SOC) stocks croplands caused by global warming. However, information on effectivity EOM application dose preserving SOC is surprisingly limited. Therefore, we set up a 90 d incubation experiment with large volumes (sandy loam and silt loam) compare mineralization (13C-labelled ryegrass) as function three doses (0.5, 1.5, 5 g dry kg−1 soil). The percentage mineralized was expected increase linearly higher sandy level off due limited O2 supply order maintain aerobic microbial activity. In soil, not affected dose, while increased proportionally an increasing (+49.6 mg C g−1 EOM). Likewise, formation biomass proportional suggesting no reduction growth efficiency at concentration. decreasing tendency apparent but could confirmed statistically. We therefore conclude that, loam, proportion rate than (+117.2 Consistently this lack response EH did decrease indicating limitations. both soils, possibly supplied energy for enzyme production, which, turn, stimulated native (i.e. co-metabolism). observed stimulation macroporosity might have contributed sustaining conditions mineralization. sum, our previous research suggest that mostly independent modulates SOC. Provisional balances compared unamended controls indicated low doses, less remained when added normal or high effect found soil. These findings tentatively indicate using larger help preserve more EOM-C, longer-term confirmation field will firstly before can draw any conclusion management.

Язык: Английский

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