Review: Genetic selection of high-yielding dairy cattle toward sustainable farming systems in a rapidly changing world

animal, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 15, С. 100292 - 100292

Опубликована: Июль 20, 2021

The massive improvement in food production, as a result of effective genetic selection combined with advancements farming practices, has been one the greatest achievements modern agriculture. For instance, dairy cattle industry more than doubled milk production over past five decades, while total number cows reduced dramatically. This was achieved mainly through intensification systems, direct for yield and limited related traits, use technologies (e.g., artificial insemination genomic selection). Despite great betterment efficiency, strong drawbacks have occurred along way. First, across-breed diversity dramatically, worldwide few common breeds, well substantial reduction within-breed diversity. Intensive also resulted unfavorable responses traits to fertility, health, longevity, environmental sensitivity. Moving forward, needs continue refining current indexes breeding goals put greater emphasis on animal welfare, efficiency methane emission feed efficiency), overall resilience. be done definition criteria (traits) that (a) represent biological mechanisms underlying respective phenotypes, (b) are heritable, (c) can cost-effectively measured large animals early life possible. long-term sustainability will require diversification investments development resources resilient perturbations occurring specific systems lesser control environment organic, agroecological, pasture-based, mountain-grazing systems). conservation, improvement, local breeds should integrated into care taken avoid further losses populations. In this review, we acknowledge progress high-yielding cattle, closely farm intensification, reaches its limits. We discuss key points need addressed toward robust sustainable maximize welfare (fundamental individual positive welfare) productive minimizing footprint, inputs required, sensitivity external factors.

Язык: Английский

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Sustainable poultry farming practices: a critical review of current strategies and future prospects

Poultry Science, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 103(12), С. 104295 - 104295

Опубликована: Сен. 4, 2024

Язык: Английский

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Linkages between rumen microbiome, host, and environment in yaks, and their implications for understanding animal production and management

Frontiers in Microbiology, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 15

Опубликована: Янв. 29, 2024

Livestock on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau is of great importance for livelihood local inhabitants and ecosystem plateau. The natural, harsh environment has shaped adaptations livestock while providing them with requisite eco-services. Over time, unique genes metabolic mechanisms (nitrogen energy) have evolved which enabled yaks to adapt morphologically physiologically Plateau. rumen microbiota also co-evolved host contributed host's adaptation environment. Understanding complex linkages between microbiota, host, essential optimizing function meet growing demands animal products minimizing environmental impact ruminant production. However, little known about host-rumen microbiome-environment how they ultimately benefit in adapting In this review, we pieced together yak's by summarizing natural selection nutritional features integrating key aspects its microbiome efficiency homeostasis. We found that homeostasis results higher feed digestibility, microbial protein production, short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) concentrations, lower methane emissions when compared other low-altitude ruminants. forms a multi-synergistic relationship among services, their communities, genes, enzymes. proteins SCFAs act as precursors directly milk composition or adipose accumulation, improving meat quality, resulting fat content yak percentage abundant acids dairy cow cattle. hierarchical interactions climate, forage, microorganisms, reshaped animal's survival performance. an interactive understanding was established. these concepts valuable agriculture our It contributes better ecology evolution anaerobic ecosystems host-environment improve

Язык: Английский

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Genomic selection for visceral white-nodules diseases resistance in large yellow croaker

Aquaculture, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 559, С. 738421 - 738421

Опубликована: Май 29, 2022

Язык: Английский

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Identification of chronic stress biomarkers in dairy cows

animal, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 16(5), С. 100502 - 100502

Опубликована: Апрель 13, 2022

Stress in dairy herds can occur from multiple sources. When stress becomes chronic because of a long duration and inability animals to adapt, it is likely deeply affect the emotional state, health, immunity, fertility milk production cows. While assessing would be beneficial, no real consensus has emerged literature regarding indicators interest. The goal this study was compare evaluate potential biomarkers for after inducing over 4-week period through severe overstocking, restricted access feed isolated unusual events. A total 30 cows were involved experiment two similar groups constituted. Over period, 15 group housed overstocked conditions, with 4.6 m2 per cow, including resting feeding areas. In area, only seven individual places at area available generate competition access. Twice during trial 2 h, an additional induced by moving unfamiliar barn diffusion stressing noises (dog barking). Meanwhile, control stayed original barn, more than 10 cow number. On weekly basis, several variables considered as recorded. Collected data analysed using single trait linear repeated mixed models. No differences observed yield, BW or body condition score but loss pronounced group. activity heterogeneous rumination lower heart rate showed heterogeneity end period. salivary cortisol, blood glucose, β-endorphin, thyroxine leucocyte profile. higher level hair cortisol fructosamine Regarding practical use highlighted biomarkers, may effective easy way detect general problems, stress. concentrations are promising assess commercial farms.

Язык: Английский

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Genomic-based genetic parameters for resilience across lactations in North American Holstein cattle based on variability in daily milk yield records

Journal of Dairy Science, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 106(6), С. 4133 - 4146

Опубликована: Апрель 25, 2023

Considering the increasing challenges imposed by climate change and need to improve animal welfare, breeding more resilient animals capable of better coping with environmental disturbances is paramount importance. In dairy cattle, resilience can be evaluated measuring longitudinal occurrences abnormal daily milk yield throughout lactation. Aiming estimate genetic parameters for cattle resilience, we collected 5,643,193 records on automatic milking systems (milking robots) parlors across 21,350 lactations 1 3 11,787 North American Holstein cows. All cows were genotyped 62,029 SNPs. After determining best fitting models each lactations, residuals used derive 4 indicators: weighted occurrence frequency perturbations (wfPert), accumulated losses (dPert), log-transformed variance (LnVar) lag-1 autocorrelation (rauto) residuals. The indicator LnVar presented highest heritability estimates (±standard error), ranging from 0.13 ± 0.01 in lactation 0.15 0.02 2; other indicators had relatively lower heritabilities (0.01-0.06). Based bivariate analyses stronger correlations observed between 2 (0.88-0.96) than or (0.34-0.88) dPert, LnVar, rauto. For pairwise comparisons different within lactation, dPert strongest wfPert (0.64) rauto (0.53) 1, whereas variable showed high standard errors. correlation results indicated that might capture additional biological mechanisms should considered as traits evaluations. We also favorable these longevity Net Merit index, but further validation needed. conclusion, this study provided parameter derived yields first which will useful when potentially incorporating schemes.

Язык: Английский

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Invited review: integration of technologies and systems for precision animal agriculture—a case study on precision dairy farming

Journal of Animal Science, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 101

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2023

Abstract Precision livestock farming (PLF) offers a strategic solution to enhance the management capacity of large animal groups, while simultaneously improving profitability, efficiency, and minimizing environmental impacts associated with production systems. Additionally, PLF contributes optimizing ability manage monitor welfare providing solutions global grand challenges posed by growing demand for products ensuring food security. By enabling return “per animal” approach harnessing technological advancements, enables cost-effective, individualized care animals through enhanced monitoring control capabilities within complex Meeting nutritional requirements population exponentially approaching ten billion people will likely require density proteins decades come. The development application digital technologies are critical facilitate responsible sustainable intensification over next several maximize potential benefits PLF. Real-time continuous each is expected enable more precise accurate tracking health well-being. Importantly, digitalization agriculture provide collateral auditability in value chains assuaging concerns labor shortages. Despite notable advances technology adoption, number currently limit viability these state-of-the-art technologies. systems which enabled autonomous can be rapidly an Internet Things (where appropriate) closed-loop management. In this paper, we analyze multilayered network sensors, actuators, communication, networking, analytics used PLF, focusing on dairy as illustrative example. We explore current state-of-the-art, identify key shortcomings, propose bridge gap between agriculture. examine implications advancements robotics, artificial intelligence health, security, animals.

Язык: Английский

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Enhancing Animal Production through Smart Agriculture: Possibilities, Hurdles, Resolutions, and Advantages

Ruminants, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 4(1), С. 22 - 46

Опубликована: Янв. 26, 2024

Smart livestock farming utilizes technology to enhance production and meet food demand sustainably. This study employs surveys case studies gather data information, subsequently analyzing it identify opportunities challenges. The proposed solutions encompass remote sensing, integration, farmer education, stakeholder engagement. research delves into smart technologies in animal production, addressing opportunities, challenges, potential solutions. agriculture modern improve efficiency, sustainability, welfare farming. includes monitoring, GPS-based care, robotic milking, health collars, predictive disease control, other innovations. Despite the great promise of there are existing challenges such as cost, management, connectivity. To overcome these involve education. provides for increased improved welfare, enhanced environmental conservation. A well-planned approach is crucial maximize benefits while ensuring its long-term sustainability. confirms growing adoption with support sustainable development goals deliver productivity resource efficiency. fully realize ensure sustainability farming, cost education essential. Therefore, this recommends promoting a positive outlook among stakeholders embracing farm performance.

Язык: Английский

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Genetic parameters for rectal temperature, respiration rate, and drooling score in Holstein cattle and their relationships with various fertility, production, body conformation, and health traits

Journal of Dairy Science, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 104(4), С. 4390 - 4403

Опубликована: Март 6, 2021

Genetic selection for improved climatic resilience is paramount to increase the long-term sustainability of high-producing dairy cattle, especially in face climate change. Various physiological indicators, such as rectal temperature (RT), respiration rate score (RR), and drooling (DS), can be used genetically identify animals with more effective coping mechanisms response heat stress events. In this study, we investigated genetic parameters RT, RR (score from 1–3), DS 1–3). Furthermore, assessed relationship among these indicators other economically important traits cattle industry. After data editing, 59,265 30,290 30,421 (DS) records 13,592 lactating Holstein cows were analyses. Variance components estimated based on a multiple-trait repeatability animal model. The heritability ± standard error estimate RR, was 0.06 0.01, 0.04 0.02 respectively, whereas their 0.19, 0.14, respectively. Moderate correlations RT (0.26 0.11 0.25 0.16) nonsignificant correlation between (−0.11 0.14) observed. approximate 12 production, 29 conformation, 5 fertility reproduction, health, 9 longevity-indicator assessed. general, calculated low moderate. summary, 3 measured large number shown lowly heritable. There value developing index including all improve tolerance cattle. All unfavorable relationships observed accounted enable while also maintaining or increasing productivity

Язык: Английский

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Phenomes: the current frontier in animal breeding

Genetics Selection Evolution, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 53(1)

Опубликована: Март 5, 2021

Abstract Improvements in genomic technologies have outpaced the most optimistic predictions, allowing industry-scale application of selection. However, only marginal gains genetic prediction accuracy can now be expected by increasing marker density up to sequence, unless causative mutations are identified. We argue that some scientifically disrupting and industry-relevant challenges relate ‘phenomics’ instead ‘genomics’. Thanks developments sensor technology artificial intelligence, there is a wide range analytical tools already available many more will developed. address pressing societal demands on industry, such as animal welfare concerns or efficiency use resources. From statistical computational point view, phenomics raises two important issues require further work: penalization dimension reduction. This complicated inherent heterogeneity ‘missingness’ data. Overall, we expect precision livestock make it possible collect hundreds traits continuous basis from large numbers animals. Perhaps main revolution come redesigning breeding schemes explicitly allow for high-dimensional phenomics. In meantime, data definitely enlighten our knowledge biological phenotypes.

Язык: Английский

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