The Epidemiology and Global Burden of Schizophrenia

The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 84(1)

Опубликована: Янв. 13, 2023

Язык: Английский

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Gene-Environment Interactions in Schizophrenia: A Literature Review

Genes, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 12(12), С. 1850 - 1850

Опубликована: Ноя. 23, 2021

Schizophrenia is a devastating mental illness with strong genetic component that the subject of extensive research. Despite high heritability, it well recognized non-genetic factors such as certain infections, cannabis use, psychosocial stress, childhood adversity, urban environment, and immigrant status also play role. Whenever co-exist, interaction between two likely. This means exposures would only be consequence given specific makeup. Here, we provide brief review studies reporting evidence interactions, exploring genes variants moderate effect environment to increase risk developing psychosis. Discovering these interactions crucial our understanding pathogenesis complex disorders. It can help in identifying individuals at risk, individualized treatments prevention plans, influence clinical management.

Язык: Английский

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Schizophrenia: One Name, Many Different Manifestations

Medical Clinics of North America, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 107(1), С. 61 - 72

Опубликована: Окт. 28, 2022

Язык: Английский

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Genetics of Schizophrenia

Oxford University Press eBooks, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown, С. 147 - 160

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2025

Abstract Schizophrenia is a highly heritable, multifactorial disorder, the genetic component of which involves thousands risk alleles. Risk loci identified include approximately 287 single nucleotide polymorphisms very small effect with allele frequencies greater than 5%, up to 11 copy number variants large lower 0.1%, and 10 genes containing ultra-rare damaging coding 0.01% or less. No known accounts for an appreciable amount population variance in alone sufficient cause disorder. alleles are often pleiotropic, affecting cognitive traits other psychiatric neurodevelopmental disorders. Convergent evidence from all types suggests that central nervous system neurons most important site pathophysiology. There particularly strong pointing synaptic processes involving glutamatergic GABAergic transmission, but aspects neuronal function almost certainly involved.

Язык: Английский

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Epigenetic Targets in Schizophrenia Development and Therapy

Brain Sciences, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 13(3), С. 426 - 426

Опубликована: Март 1, 2023

Schizophrenia is regarded as a neurodevelopmental disorder with its course progressing throughout life. However, the aetiology and development of schizophrenia are still under investigation. Several data suggest that dysfunction epigenetic mechanisms known to be involved in pathomechanism this mental disorder. The present article revised background based on available online databases (PubMed, Scopus). This paper focused role regulation, such DNA methylation, histone modifications, interference non-coding RNAs, development. also reviewed related regulation may modify severity disease possible target for pharmacotherapy. Moreover, effects antipsychotics malfunction discussed preclinical clinical results. obtainable alterations schizophrenia. they showed important modifications antipsychotic action. There need more establish therapy. It would special interest find develop new targets therapy because patients could show little or no response current pharmacotherapy have treatment-resistant

Язык: Английский

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Maternal Inflammation with Elevated Kynurenine Metabolites Is Related to the Risk of Abnormal Brain Development and Behavioral Changes in Autism Spectrum Disorder

Cells, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 12(7), С. 1087 - 1087

Опубликована: Апрель 4, 2023

Several studies show that genetic and environmental factors contribute to the onset progression of neurodevelopmental disorders. Maternal immune activation (MIA) during gestation is considered one major driving this process. The kynurenine pathway (KP) a route essential amino acid L-tryptophan (Trp) catabolism in mammalian cells. Activation KP following neuro-inflammation can generate various endogenous neuroactive metabolites may impact brain functions behaviors. Additionally, neurotoxic excitotoxicity cause long-term changes trophic support, glutamatergic system, synaptic function activation. Therefore, investigating role neurodevelopment will likely promote further understanding additional pathophysiology disorders, including autism spectrum disorder (ASD). In review, we describe metabolism pregnancy represent how maternal inflammation influence development. We overview patients with ASD clinical data animal models designed verify perinatal elevation long-lasting biochemical, neuropathological, behavioral deficits later life. Our review help shed light on new therapeutic strategies interventions targeting for

Язык: Английский

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Advances in the understanding of the pathophysiology of schizophrenia and bipolar disorder through induced pluripotent stem cell models

Journal of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 49(2), С. E109 - E125

Опубликована: Март 15, 2024

The pathophysiology of schizophrenia and bipolar disorder involves a complex interaction between genetic environmental factors that begins in the early stages neurodevelopment. Recent advancements field induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) offer promising tool for understanding neurobiological alterations involved these disorders and, potentially, developing new treatment options. In this review, we summarize results iPSC-based research on disorder, showing disturbances neurodevelopmental processes, imbalance glutamatergic-GABAergic transmission neuromorphological alterations. limitations reviewed literature are also highlighted, particularly methodological heterogeneity studies, limited number studies iPSC models both diseases simultaneously, lack in-depth clinical characterization included samples. Further needed to advance knowledge common disease-specific pathophysiological features promote development

Язык: Английский

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Regulation of Zbp1 by miR-99b-5p in microglia controls the development of schizophrenia-like symptoms in mice

The EMBO Journal, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 43(8), С. 1420 - 1444

Опубликована: Март 25, 2024

Язык: Английский

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Environmental pollution and extreme weather conditions: insights into the effect on mental health

Frontiers in Psychiatry, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 15

Опубликована: Май 28, 2024

Environmental pollution exposures, including air, soil, water, light, and noise pollution, are critical issues that may implicate adverse mental health outcomes. Extreme weather conditions, such as hurricanes, floods, wildfires, droughts, also cause long-term severe concerns. However, the knowledge about possible psychiatric disorders associated with these exposures is currently not well disseminated. In this review, we aim to summarize current on impact of environmental extreme conditions health, focusing anxiety spectrum disorders, autism schizophrenia, depression. air studies, increased concentrations PM2.5, NO2, SO2 were most strongly exacerbation anxiety, depression symptoms. We provide an overview suggested underlying pathomechanisms involved. highlight pathogenesis pollution-related diseases multifactorial, oxidative stress, systematic inflammation, disruption blood-brain barrier, epigenetic dysregulation. Light correlated risk neurodegenerative particularly Alzheimer’s disease. Moreover, soil water discussed. Such compounds crude oil, heavy metals, natural gas, agro-chemicals (pesticides, herbicides, fertilizers), polycyclic or polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), solvents, lead (Pb), asbestos detrimental health. linked namely PTSD. Several policy recommendations awareness campaigns should be implemented, advocating for advancement high-quality urbanization, mitigation and, consequently, enhancement residents’

Язык: Английский

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Toxoplasmosis and Schizophrenia: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis of Prevalence and Associations and Future Directions

Psychiatric Research and Clinical Practice, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 4(2), С. 48 - 60

Опубликована: Апрель 22, 2022

A potential link between toxoplasmosis with schizophrenia (SCZ) has been extensively studied over the past 2 decades. Our study was aimed to determine whether, beyond an association, field is primed for randomized clinical trials of anti-Toxoplasma prophylaxis in Toxoplasma seropositive patients SCZ.We performed a methodological appraisal toxoplasmosis-SCZ association studies, meta-analysis, and compilation claims pathophysiologic hypotheses.We analyzed 66 studies 11,540 SCZ 69,491 controls. For SCZ, 54 targeted Toxoplasma-IgG seropositivity, 18 serointensity, 17 Toxoplasma-IgM seropositivity. SCZ-phenotypes, 26 six three Two-thirds these reported positive association. Statistically significant associations were 31/54 11/18 3/17 studies. Significant SCZ-phenotypes 20/26 2/6 0/3 respectively. seropositivity increased odds (OR = 1.91; 95% CI: 1.61-2.27). Heterogeneity across large (I2 80.03%). Adjusted analyses at least age socioeconomic status/place residence done studies; temporality addressed only 4.A number observational revealed modest SCZ. Although important biases identified, further are unlikely change this not justified. It time test double-blind placebo-controlled first line

Язык: Английский

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