Metavirome of 31 tick species provides a compendium of 1,801 RNA virus genomes

Nature Microbiology, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 8(1), С. 162 - 173

Опубликована: Янв. 5, 2023

Abstract The increasing prevalence and expanding distribution of tick-borne viruses globally have raised health concerns, but the full repertoire tick virome has not been assessed. We sequenced meta-transcriptomes 31 different species in Ixodidae Argasidae families from across mainland China, identified 724 RNA with distinctive compositions among genera. A total 1,801 assembled complete or nearly viral genomes revealed an extensive diversity genome architectures tick-associated viruses, highlighting ticks as a reservoir viruses. examined phylogenies virus to investigate evolution found that most diverse are positive-strand demonstrate more ancient divergence than other arboviruses. Tick-specific often associated only few species, whereas clades can infect vertebrates wider range species. hypothesize exhibit both ‘specialist’ ‘generalist’ evolutionary trends. hope our dataset will enable much-needed research on vertebrate-pathogenic

Язык: Английский

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Microbiota in disease-transmitting vectors

Nature Reviews Microbiology, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 21(9), С. 604 - 618

Опубликована: Май 22, 2023

Язык: Английский

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Hard Ticks as Vectors: The Emerging Threat of Tick-Borne Diseases in India

Pathogens, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 13(7), С. 556 - 556

Опубликована: Июль 2, 2024

Hard ticks (Ixodidae) play a critical role in transmitting various tick-borne diseases (TBDs), posing significant global threats to human and animal health. Climatic factors influence the abundance, diversity, vectorial capacity of tick vectors. It is imperative have comprehensive understanding hard ticks, pathogens, eco-epidemiology, impact climatic changes on transmission dynamics TBDs. The distribution life cycle patterns are influenced by diverse ecological that, turn, can be impacted climate, leading expansion vector’s range geographical distribution. Vector competence, pivotal aspect capacity, involves tick’s ability acquire, maintain, transmit pathogens. efficiently feeding hosts manipulating their immunity through saliva, emerge as competent vectors for such viruses, parasites bacteria. This significantly influences success pathogen transmission. Further exploration genetic population structure, hybrid crucial, they substantial influencing vector competence complicating review deals with important TBDs India delves into profound vectors, biology, competence. Given that continue pose threat health, emphasizes urgency investigating control strategies advancing vaccine development. Special attention given genetics comprehending diversity populations providing essential insights adaptability environmental changes.

Язык: Английский

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A proteomics informed by transcriptomics insight into the proteome of Ornithodoros erraticus adult tick saliva

Parasites & Vectors, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 15(1)

Опубликована: Янв. 3, 2022

Abstract Background The argasid tick Ornithodoros erraticus is the main vector of tick-borne human relapsing fever (TBRF) and African swine (ASF) in Mediterranean Basin. prevention control these diseases would greatly benefit from elimination O. populations, anti-tick vaccines are envisaged as an effective sustainable alternative to chemical acaricide usage for control. saliva contains bioactive proteins that play essential functions feeding host defence modulation, which may contribute infection by pathogens. Hence, could be candidate antigen targets development aimed at infestations this transmits. objective present work was obtain characterise proteome adult ticks a means identify select novel salivary targets. Methods A proteomics informed transcriptomics (PIT) approach applied analyse samples female male separately using previously obtained sialotranscriptome reference database two different mass spectrometry techniques, namely liquid chromatography–tandem (LC–MS/MS) data-dependent acquisition mode sequential window all theoretical fragment ion spectra MS (SWATH-MS). Results Up 264 263 were identified LC–MS/MS ticks, respectively, totalling 387 non-redundant proteins. Of these, 224 further quantified SWATH-MS both ticks. Quantified classified into 23 functional categories their abundance compared between sexes. Heme/iron-binding proteins, protease inhibitors, proteases, lipocalins immune-related most abundantly expressed females, while glycolytic enzymes, inhibitors males. Ninety-seven differentially sexes, 37 60 overexpressed females males, respectively. Conclusions PIT demonstrated its usefulness studies , non-model organism without genomic sequences available, allowing publication first comprehensive reported date. These findings confirm important quantitative differences sexes proteome, unveil tick–host interface improve our understanding physiology integration sialoproteomic sialotranscriptomic data will drive more rational selection candidates it Graphical

Язык: Английский

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Host-pathogen interaction in arthropod vectors: Lessons from viral infections

Frontiers in Immunology, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 14

Опубликована: Янв. 31, 2023

Haematophagous arthropods can harbor various pathogens including viruses, bacteria, protozoa, and nematodes. Insects possess an innate immune system comprising of both cellular humoral components to fight against infections. Haemocytes, the haemolymph, are central insect as their primary functions include phagocytosis, encapsulation, coagulation, detoxification, storage distribution nutritive materials. Plasmatocytes granulocytes also involved in defense responses. Blood-feeding arthropods, such mosquitoes ticks, harbour a variety viral that cause infectious diseases human animal hosts. Therefore, it is imperative study virus-vector-host relationships since arthropod vectors important constituents ecosystem. Regardless complex response these vectors, viruses usually manage survive transmitted eventual host. A multidisciplinary approach utilizing novel strategic interventions required control ectoparasite infestations block vector-borne transmission humans animals. In this review, we discuss infections with focus on responses ticks mosquitoes. We aim summarize critically vector infection strategies mammalian hosts foster debate could help developing new therapeutic protect arthropod-borne

Язык: Английский

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Virome diversity shaped by genetic evolution and ecological landscape of Haemaphysalis longicornis

Microbiome, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 12(1)

Опубликована: Фев. 21, 2024

Haemaphysalis longicornis is drawing attentions for its geographic invasion, extending population, and emerging disease threat. However, there are still substantial gaps in our knowledge of viral composition relation to genetic diversity H. ecological factors, which important us understand interactions between virus vector, as well vector elements.

Язык: Английский

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Changes in saliva protein profile throughout Rhipicephalus microplus blood feeding

Parasites & Vectors, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 17(1)

Опубликована: Янв. 27, 2024

Abstract Background When feeding on a vertebrate host, ticks secrete saliva, which is complex mixture of proteins, lipids, and other molecules. Tick saliva assists the vector in modulating host hemostasis, immunity, tissue repair mechanisms. While helping to feed, its modifies site where pathogens are inoculated often facilitates infection process. The objective this study uncover variation protein composition Rhipicephalus microplus during blood feeding. Methods Ticks were fed calves, adult females collected, weighed, divided nine weight groups, representing slow rapid phases was mass spectrometry analyses used identify differentially secreted proteins. Bioinformatic tools employed predict structural functional features salivary Reciprocal best hit conserved families proteins by tick species. Results Changes secretion profiles R. female observed, characterizing phenomenon known as “sialome switching.” This observation validates idea that switch expression may serve mechanism for evading responses against Cattle predominantly rich heme-binding lipocalins, protease inhibitors, many present Additionally, another remarkable identification host-derived component saliva. Conclusions Overall, brings new insights understanding dynamics proteomic profile an important biology. results presented here, along with disclosed sequences, contribute our biology might aid targets development novel anti-tick methods. Graphical

Язык: Английский

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Transcriptomic analysis of Rhipicephalus microplus hemocytes from female ticks infected with Babesia bovis or Babesia bigemina

Parasites & Vectors, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 18(1)

Опубликована: Фев. 3, 2025

Abstract Background Tick hemolymph is a sterile fluid that carries nutrients to maintain tick health. The creates hostile environment for invaders including the destruction of microorganisms by its circulating hemocytes. However, Babesia parasites escape and disseminate other organs through continue their transmission life cycle. Still, it unknown how hemocytes respond B. bovis or bigemina infection. In this study, we conducted transcriptomic analysis from female Rhipicephalus microplus ticks infected with understand gene expression changes during parasite Methods During acute infection, R. were fed on bovines acquire parasites. Engorged females collected incubated develop kinetes in hemolymph. was examined identify highly kinetes. Hemocyte cells replete perform high-throughput RNA-sequencing (RNA-Seq) analysis. Results This study identified major profile main groups hemocyte genes altered infection associated metabolism, immunity, cytoskeletal rearrangement. Upregulated mainly involved defense mechanisms, while downregulated related cell proliferation apoptosis. varied among species’ infections, reflected occurred tick’s physiology, growth, reproduction, skeletal muscle development. Conclusions differential revealed regulated upon apoptosis, development, reproduction. Additional research necessary further define exhibited varying levels findings will enhance our understanding survive perpetuate cycle, ultimately contributing spread bovine babesiosis. Graphical

Язык: Английский

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Exploring the microbiomes of camel ticks to infer vector competence: insights from tissue-level symbiont-pathogen relationships

Scientific Reports, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 15(1)

Опубликована: Фев. 15, 2025

Ticks are blood-feeding ectoparasites that harbor diverse pathogens and endosymbionts. Their microbial communities vary based on tick species, stage, sex, geographical location, surrounding environment, tissue type. Understanding microbiota at the level is crucial for unraveling how microbiomes distributed in tissues influence pathogen transmission. We used V1-V2 16 S rRNA gene sequencing to analyze tissue-specific bacterial compositions (hemolymph, saliva, salivary glands, midgut) of Amblyomma gemma, Rhipicephalus pulchellus, Hyalomma dromedarii, rufipes ticks collected from camels Marsabit County, northern Kenya. The region effectively differentiated 43 Rickettsia africae aeschlimannii samples other rickettsial as well Coxiella endosymbionts burnetii. In contrast, V3-V4 sequences these species could not be clearly distinguished. were most common Am. gemma Rh. while Francisella predominated ticks; both primarily localized glands. High abundances endosymbionts, Pseudomonas, associated with absence or low abundance suggesting competitive interactions between microbes. Additionally, Proteus mirabilis, an opportunistic urinary tract humans, was found predominantly ticks, except which abundant Furthermore, we detected Acinetobacter, Corynebacterium genera all tissues, supporting hypothesis bacteria might circulate camel blood ticks. Saliva hemolymph generally harbored more extracellular than glands midgut. This study provides a new approach unravel tick-endosymbiont-pathogen by examining localization tick-borne symbionts Hy. Our findings establish baseline developing understanding functional capacities designing symbiont-based control strategies.

Язык: Английский

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Cecropin anisaxin-2S has in vitro immunomodulatory, but not antiproliferative and antiviral properties

Frontiers in Immunology, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 16

Опубликована: Май 5, 2025

Helminthic host defense peptides (HDP) are pleiotropic, multifunctional effector molecules of helminth immunity, efficient against Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. Among them, anisaxin-2S (A-2S), membranolytic cecropin-like HDPs produced by the zoonotic nematodes genus Anisakis, shows remarkable efficacy even multidrug-resistant bacteria, yet its immunomodulatory, antiproliferative antiviral properties have not been elucidated. Therefore, we tested A-2S immunomodulation in common carp (Cyprinus carpio) blood cells exposed to two pathogens, bacterium Aeromonas hydrophila fish parasite Sphaerospora molnari, vivo challenged with parasite. Furthermore, activity was vitro human bladder lung cancer cell line, while protection brain culture rhabdovirus, alloherpesvirus paramyxovirus, a immortalized myelogenous leukemia line infected tick-borne encephalitis virus. exerts an immunostimulatory effect on through upregulation cytokine expression, proinflammatory or anti-inflammatory repertoire conditioned presence absence co-stimulatory antigen. Surprisingly, majority assays conducted, red demonstrate equal stronger regulation innate immunity genes compared white cells, along more extensive differentially expressed markers. In contrast, has only limited anticancer adenocarcinoma three viruses This study provides first evidence platelet antimicrobial peptide highlights induction repertoire. However, future research should address study's limitations, including need for longer (e.g., 3-4 days), testing different lineages, better understand antigen-processing interactions, evaluating anticipated adaptive immune response. Powerful A-2S, coupled properties, warrant further pursuing preclinical trials this anisaxin.

Язык: Английский

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