Advancing Viral Defense: Unravelling the Potential of Host-Directed Antivirals Against SARS-CoV-2

Drugs and Drug Candidates, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 4(2), С. 13 - 13

Опубликована: Март 28, 2025

The COVID-19 pandemic, driven by the high transmissibility and immune evasion caused SARS-CoV-2 its variants (e.g., Alpha, Delta, Omicron), has led to massive casualties worldwide. As of November 2024, International Committee on Taxonomy Viruses (ICTV) identified 14,690 viral species across 3522 genera. increasing infectious resistance FDA EMA-approved antivirals, such as 300-fold efficacy reduction in Nirmatrelvir against 3CLpro, highlight need for mutation-stable likewise targeting essential host proteins like kinases, heat shock proteins, lipid metabolism immunological pathway etc. Unlike direct-acting HDAs reduce risk conserved replication. proposal repurposing current FDA-approved drugs host-directed antiviral (HDA) approach is not new, Ouabain, a sodium-potassium ATPase inhibitor herpes simplex virus (HSV) Verapamil, calcium channel blocker influenza A (IAV), name few. Given colossal potential HDA exterminate infection, it been increasingly studied SARS-CoV-2. This review aims unravel interaction between viruses human hosts their successfully proposed provide insight into an alternative treatment rampant mutation benefits, limitations, protein-targeted therapies prospects are also covered this review.

Язык: Английский

---

Giardial lipid rafts share virulence factors with secreted vesicles and participate in parasitic infection in mice

Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 12

Опубликована: Авг. 23, 2022

, a protozoan parasite, is major cause of waterborne infection, worldwide. While the trophozoite form this parasite induces pathological symptoms in gut, cyst transmits infection. Since

Язык: Английский

---

SARS-CoV-2 Invasion and Pathological Links to Prion Disease

Biomolecules, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 12(9), С. 1253 - 1253

Опубликована: Сен. 7, 2022

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the causative agent of COVID-19 disease, is a highly infectious and transmissible viral pathogen that continues to impact human health globally. Nearly ~600 million people have been infected with SARS-CoV-2, about half exhibit some degree continuing complication, generically referred as long COVID. Lingering often serious neurological problems for patients in post-COVID-19 recovery period include brain fog, behavioral changes, confusion, delirium, deficits intellect, cognition memory issues, loss balance coordination, vision, visual processing hallucinations, encephalopathy, encephalitis, neurovascular or cerebrovascular insufficiency, and/or impaired consciousness. Depending upon patient’s age at onset other factors, up ~35% all elderly develop mild-to-severe encephalopathy due complications arising from SARS-CoV-2-induced cytokine storm surge cytokine-mediated pro-inflammatory immune signaling. In fact, this syndrome: (i) appears predispose aged development complications, especially those who experienced more grade infection; (ii) lies along interactive pathological pathways involving SARS-CoV-2 infection promotes parallel intensification progressive lethal conditions, (iii) strongly associated symptomology, onset, prion disease (PrD) insidious incurable syndromes. This commentary paper will evaluate recent peer-reviewed studies intriguing area SARS-CoV-2-associated neuropathology assess how chronic, viral-mediated changes CNS contribute cognitive decline PrD progressive, age-related neurodegenerative disorders.

Язык: Английский

---

Susceptibility of Fat Tissue to SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Female hACE2 Mouse Model

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 24(2), С. 1314 - 1314

Опубликована: Янв. 9, 2023

The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is a highly contagious viral illness caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). COVID-19 has had catastrophic effect globally causing millions of deaths worldwide and long-lasting health complications in survivors. Recent studies including ours have highlighted that adipose tissue can act as reservoir where SARS-CoV-2 persist cause long-term problems. Here, we evaluated the infection on physiology pathogenesis fat loss murine model using humanized angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (hACE2) mice. Since epidemiological reported higher mortality rate males than females, examined hACE2 mice both sexes performed comparative analysis. Our study revealed for first time that: (a) loads lungs differ between females mice; (b) an inverse relationship exists tissue, it differs females; (c) CoV-2 alters immune signaling cell death differently infected male female Overall, our data suggest cells could play important roles determining susceptibility to sex-dependent manner.

Язык: Английский

---

European Working Group on SARS-CoV-2: Current Understanding, Unknowns, and Recommendations on the Neurological Complications of COVID-19

Brain Connectivity, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 13(4), С. 178 - 210

Опубликована: Янв. 31, 2023

Background: The emergence of COVID-19 was rapidly followed by infection and the deaths millions people across globe. With much research scientific advancement rightly focused on reducing burden severe critical acute infection, long-term effects endured those who survived has been previously overlooked. Now, an appreciation for post-COVID-19 condition, including its neurological manifestations, is growing, although there remain many unknowns regarding etiology risk factors as well how to effectively diagnose treat it. Methods: Here, drawing upon experiences expertise clinicians academics European working group COVID-19, we have reviewed current literature provide a comprehensive overview sequalae condition. Results: In this review, summary symptoms associated with before discussing possible mechanisms which may underly manifest these symptoms. Following this, explore developing result itself be factor development disease in future. Lastly, evaluate post-COVID condition could accurately diagnosed treated, examples guidelines, clinical outcomes, tools that developed aid process, addressing protection provided vaccines against Conclusions: Overall, review provides Impact statement our understanding complications currently lacking sufficient depth, aimed at highlighting knowns draw published literature, range topics As result, topic. Working Group SARS-CoV-2 Many essential questions surrounding unanswered, sequalae. aim identifying gaps suggest future studies should undertaken fill gaps. This will biological mechanistic discuss clinically relevant aspects manifestations syndrome. From discussions, following were considered highly contemplation.

Язык: Английский

---