Biology of the Cell,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
117(2)
Опубликована: Фев. 1, 2025
Abstract
Organoids
are
miniature
three‐dimensional
(3D)
organ‐like
structures
developed
from
primary
cells
that
closely
mimic
the
key
histological,
functional,
and
molecular
characteristics
of
their
parent
organs.
These
self‐organize
through
cell‐cell
cell‐matrix
interaction
in
culture.
In
last
decade,
organoids
allied
3D
culture
technologies
have
catalyzed
studies
involving
developmental
biology,
disease
high‐throughput
drug
screening,
personalized
medicine,
biomarker
discovery,
tissue
engineering,
regenerative
medicine.
Many
organoid
systems
been
generated
gastrointestinal
system,
for
example,
intestine,
stomach,
liver,
pancreas,
or
colon.
Gallbladder
cancer
(GBC)
is
most
common
highly
aggressive
form
biliary
tract
cancer.
GBC
rare
west
but
has
a
high
incidence
South
America
India.
Prolonged
chronic
inflammation
implicated
pathogenesis
driving
pathways
leading
to
neoplasia
not
well
understood.
cholangiocyte
(GCO)
will
facilitate
understanding
evolution
novel
therapeutic
strategies.
this
review,
we
discussed
alternative
methodologies
conditions
generate
GCO
models,
applications
these
models
subjected
current
limitations
use
GCOs
addressing
challenges
research.
Pharmaceuticals,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
18(1), С. 62 - 62
Опубликована: Янв. 8, 2025
Background:
Tumors,
as
intricate
ecosystems,
comprise
oncocytes
and
the
highly
dynamic
tumor
stroma.
Tumor
stroma,
representing
non-cancerous
non-cellular
composition
of
microenvironment
(TME),
plays
a
crucial
role
in
oncogenesis
progression,
through
its
interactions
with
biological,
chemical,
mechanical
signals.
This
review
aims
to
analyze
challenges
stroma
mimicry
models,
highlight
advanced
personalized
co-culture
approaches
for
recapitulating
using
patient-derived
organoids
(PDTOs).
Methods:
synthesizes
findings
from
recent
studies
on
composition,
stromal
remodeling,
spatiotemporal
heterogeneities
TME.
It
explores
popular
stroma-related
systems
integrating
PDTOs
elements,
techniques
improve
mimicry.
Results:
Stroma
driven
by
cells,
highlights
dynamism
heterogeneity
PDTOs,
derived
tissues
or
cancer-specific
stem
accurately
mimic
tissue-specific
genetic
features
primary
tumors,
making
them
valuable
drug
screening.
Co-culture
models
combining
elements
effectively
recreate
TME,
showing
promise
anti-cancer
therapy.
Advanced
flexible
combinations
enhance
precision
tumor-stroma
recapitulation.
Conclusions:
PDTO-based
offer
promising
platform
therapy
development.
underscores
importance
refining
these
advance
medicine
therapeutic
outcomes.
Cancers,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
17(4), С. 700 - 700
Опубликована: Фев. 19, 2025
The
development
of
anticancer
therapies
has
increasingly
relied
on
advanced
3D
in
vitro
models,
which
more
accurately
mimic
the
tumor
microenvironment
compared
to
traditional
2D
cultures.
This
review
describes
evolution
these
highlighting
significant
advancements
and
their
impact
cancer
research.
We
discuss
integration
machine
learning
(ML)
artificial
intelligence
(AI)
enhancing
predictive
power
efficiency
potentially
reducing
dependence
animal
testing.
ML
AI
offer
innovative
approaches
for
analyzing
complex
data,
optimizing
experimental
conditions,
predicting
therapeutic
outcomes
with
higher
accuracy.
By
leveraging
technologies,
next
generation
models
could
revolutionize
drug
development,
offering
effective
alternatives
experiments.
Cell Death Discovery,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
11(1)
Опубликована: Апрель 23, 2025
Abstract
Recent
advancements
in
technology
have
significantly
expanded
the
scope
of
tumor
research,
progressing
from
study
individual
cells
to
more
intricate
tissue
and
organ-level
analyses.
Tumor
organoids
emerged
as
a
highly
realistic
platform
for
investigating
growth,
development,
their
interactions
with
surrounding
microenvironment.
However,
notable
limitation
these
is
lack
diverse
cellular
composition
typically
observed
actual
tumors,
which
hinders
ability
fully
replicate
complexity
Immune
play
pivotal
role,
immunology
has
become
major
research
hotspot.
Research
aims
elucidate
how
immune
system
recognizes
attacks
cells,
well
evade
surveillance.
In
recent
years,
there
been
growing
interest
co-culturing
organoids,
an
approach
that
yielded
valuable
insights
into
between
tumors
system.
The
aim
this
paper
review
discuss
progress
achieved
cells.
By
doing
so,
we
hope
offer
new
perspective
enhance
our
understanding
diversity
inherent
Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
11
Опубликована: Дек. 6, 2023
Breast
cancer
is
characterized
by
physical
changes
that
occur
in
the
tumor
microenvironment
throughout
growth
and
metastasis
of
tumors.
Extracellular
matrix
stiffness
increases
as
tumors
develop
spread,
with
stiffer
environments
thought
to
correlate
poorer
disease
prognosis.
Changes
extracellular
other
characteristics
are
sensed
integrins
which
integrate
these
cues
intracellular
signaling,
resulting
modulation
proliferation
invasion.
However,
co-ordination
mechano-sensitive
signaling
functional
groups
cells
within
3-dimensional
remains
poorly
understood.
Here
we
provide
evidence
increasing
collagen
scaffolds
results
increased
activation
ERK1/2
YAP
human
breast
cell
spheroids.
We
also
show
acts
upstream
this
context.
further
demonstrate
YAP,
metalloproteinases
actomyosin
contractility
required
for
remodeling,
invasion
lower
scaffolds.
proteins
higher
gels
correlated
reduced
Our
data
collectively
induce
mechano-signaling
but
contrary
from
2-dimensional
studies,
not
sufficient
promote
pro-tumorigenic
effects
European Journal of Immunology,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
54(6)
Опубликована: Март 21, 2024
Abstract
Metastatic
colorectal
cancer
(CRC)
is
highly
resistant
to
therapy
and
prone
recur.
The
tumor‐induced
local
systemic
immunosuppression
allows
cells
evade
immunosurveillance,
facilitating
their
proliferation
dissemination.
Dendritic
(DCs)
are
required
for
the
detection,
processing,
presentation
of
tumor
antigens,
subsequently
activation
antigen‐specific
T
orchestrate
an
effective
antitumor
response.
Notably,
successful
tumors
have
evolved
mechanisms
disrupt
impair
DC
functions,
underlining
key
role
dysfunction
in
promoting
growth,
metastasis
initiation,
treatment
resistance.
Conventional
type
2
(cDC2)
prevalent
been
shown
present
high
phenotypic
functional
plasticity
response
tumor‐released
environmental
cues.
This
reverberates
on
both
development
responses
efficacy
immunotherapies
patients.
Uncovering
processes,
mechanisms,
mediators
by
which
CRC
shapes
disrupts
cDC2
functions
crucial
restoring
full
potential.
In
this
study,
we
use
our
recently
developed
3D
DC‐tumor
co‐culture
system
investigate
how
patient‐derived
primary
metastatic
organoids
modulate
phenotype
function.
We
first
demonstrate
that
collagen‐based
displays
extensive
interaction
between
organoids.
Interestingly,
show
tumor‐corrupted
shift
toward
a
CD14+
population
with
defective
expression
maturation
markers,
intermediate
positioned
monocytes,
impaired
T‐cell
activating
abilities.
aligns
newly
defined
DC3
(CD14
+
CD1c
CD163
)
subset.
Remarkably,
comparable
was
found
be
lesions
enriched
peripheral
blood
Moreover,
using
EP2
EP4
receptor
antagonists
anti‐IL‐6
neutralizing
antibody,
determined
observed
partially
mediated
PGE2
IL‐6.
Importantly,
holds
promise
as
platform
testing
therapies
aimed
at
preventing
or
mitigating
dysfunction.
Overall,
study
offers
novel
relevant
insights
into
(dys)function
hold
relevance
design
therapeutic
approaches.
Abstract
Cancer
neuroscience
is
an
emerging
field
that
investigates
the
intricate
relationship
between
nervous
system
and
cancer,
gaining
increasing
recognition
for
its
importance.
The
central
governs
development
of
directly
affects
brain
tumors,
peripheral
(PNS)
shapes
tumor
microenvironment
(TME)
tumors.
Both
systems
are
crucial
in
cancer
initiation
progression,
with
recent
studies
revealing
a
more
role
PNS
within
TME.
Tumors
not
only
invade
nerves
but
also
persuade
them
through
remodeling
to
further
promote
malignancy,
creating
bidirectional
interaction
cancers.
Notably,
immune
cells
contribute
this
communication,
forming
triangular
influences
protumor
inflammation
effectiveness
immunotherapy.
This
review
delves
into
mechanisms
connecting
focusing
on
how
various
cell
types
influence
nerve‒tumor
interactions,
emphasizing
clinical
relevance
nerve‒immune
dynamics.
By
deepening
our
understanding
interplay
nerves,
cells,
has
potential
reshape
biology
insights,
inspire
innovative
therapies,
improve
outcomes
patients.
Organoids
are
in
vitro
microstructures
similar
to
the
source
tissue
formed
by
self-organizing
construction
of
stem
cells
from
various
sources.
It
is
now
widely
recognized
as
a
powerful
model
facilitate
cancer
research
and
personalized
precision
therapy.
Since
successful
establishment
first
organoid
2009,
there
has
been
global
upsurge
research.
At
present,
organoids
have
used
on
mechanism
occurrence
development,
study
cell
interactions
tumor
microenvironment,
development
screening
new
drugs,
individualized
treatment
cancer.
In
addition,
chip
technology
biobanks
expected
further
promote
irreplaceable
role
medical
treatment.
this
review,
we
offer
comprehensive
outline
historical
their
advantages,
focusing
latest
progress
application
We
also
discuss
problems
that
need
be
solved
potential
applications
organoids.
This
review
summarizes
impact
treatment,
provide
view
