Mitochondrial dysfunction in long COVID: mechanisms, consequences, and potential therapeutic approaches

GeroScience, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 46(5), С. 5267 - 5286

Опубликована: Апрель 26, 2024

Abstract The COVID-19 pandemic, caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, has introduced medical community to phenomenon of long COVID, a condition characterized persistent symptoms following resolution acute phase infection. Among myriad reported COVID sufferers, chronic fatigue, cognitive disturbances, and exercise intolerance are predominant, suggesting systemic alterations beyond initial viral pathology. Emerging evidence pointed mitochondrial dysfunction as potential underpinning mechanism contributing persistence diversity symptoms. This review aims synthesize current findings related in exploring its implications for cellular energy deficits, oxidative stress, immune dysregulation, metabolic endothelial dysfunction. Through comprehensive analysis literature, we highlight significance health pathophysiology drawing parallels with similar clinical syndromes linked post-infectious states other diseases where impairment been implicated. We discuss therapeutic strategies targeting function, including pharmacological interventions, lifestyle modifications, exercise, dietary approaches, emphasize need further research collaborative efforts advance our understanding management COVID. underscores critical role calls multidisciplinary approach address gaps knowledge treatment options those affected this condition.

Язык: Английский

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Low handgrip strength is associated with worse functional outcomes in long COVID

Scientific Reports, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 14(1)

Опубликована: Янв. 24, 2024

The diagnosis of long COVID is troublesome, even when functional limitations are present. Dynapenia the loss muscle strength and power production that not caused by neurologic or muscular diseases, being mostly associated with changes in function and/or intrinsic force-generating properties skeletal muscle, which altogether, may partially explain seen COVID. This study aimed to identify distribution possible associations dynapenia assessments patients A total 113 COVID-19 were evaluated assessment 120 days post-acute severe disease. Body composition, respiratory strength, spirometry, six-minute walk test (6MWT, meters), hand-grip (HGS, Kilogram-force) assessed. was defined as HGS < 30 Kgf (men), 20 (women). Twenty-five (22%) participants dynapenic, presenting lower mass (p 0.001), worse forced expiratory volume first second (FEV

Язык: Английский

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Hydrogen sulfide supplementation as a potential treatment for primary mitochondrial diseases

Pharmacological Research, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 203, С. 107180 - 107180

Опубликована: Апрель 9, 2024

Primary mitochondrial diseases (PMD) are amongst the most common inborn errors of metabolism causing fatal outcomes within first decade life. With marked heterogeneity in both inheritance patterns and physiological manifestations, these conditions present distinct challenges for targeted drug therapy, where effective therapeutic countermeasures remain elusive clinic. Hydrogen sulfide (H2S)-based therapeutics may offer a new option patient treatment, having been proposed as conserved substrate post-translational regulator across species, displaying effects age-related dysfunction neurodegenerative models disease. H2S can stimulate respiration at sites downstream PMD-defective subunits, augmenting energy production, function reducing cell death. Here, we highlight primary signalling mechanisms mitochondria relevant PMD outline key cytoprotective proteins/pathways amenable to restoration via H2S-mediated persulfidation. The here, combined with advent potent mitochondria-targeted delivery molecules, could provide framework countermeasure disease progression.

Язык: Английский

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Potential Beneficial Effects of Naringin and Naringenin on Long COVID—A Review of the Literature

Microorganisms, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 12(2), С. 332 - 332

Опубликована: Фев. 4, 2024

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused a severe epidemic due to acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). Recent studies have found that patients do not completely recover from infections, but instead, suffer variety of post-acute sequelae SARS-CoV-2 infection, known as long COVID. The effects COVID can be far-reaching, with duration up six months and range symptoms such cognitive dysfunction, immune dysregulation, microbiota dysbiosis, myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome, myocarditis, pulmonary fibrosis, cough, diabetes, pain, reproductive thrombus formation. However, recent shown naringenin naringin palliative on various COVID-19 sequelae. Flavonoids naringenin, commonly in fruits vegetables, positive effects, including reducing inflammation, preventing viral providing antioxidants. This article discusses the molecular mechanisms clinical treating above diseases. It proposes them potential drugs for treatment COVID, it inferred exhibit extended medications, future likely serving nutraceuticals or supplements comprehensive alleviation manifestations complications.

Язык: Английский

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Mitochondria and the Repurposing of Diabetes Drugs for Off-Label Health Benefits

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 26(1), С. 364 - 364

Опубликована: Янв. 3, 2025

This review describes our current understanding of the role mitochondria in repurposing anti-diabetes drugs metformin, gliclazide, GLP-1 receptor agonists, and SGLT2 inhibitors for additional clinical benefits regarding unhealthy aging, long COVID, mental neurogenerative disorders, obesity. Metformin, most prominent these diabetes drugs, has been called “Drug Miracles Wonders,” as trials have found it to be beneficial human patients suffering from maladies. To promote viral replication all infected cells, SARS-CoV-2 stimulates liver cells produce glucose export into blood stream, which can cause COVID patients, reduces levels blood, was shown cut incidence rate half recovering SARS-CoV-2. Metformin leads phosphorylation AMP-activated protein kinase AMPK, accelerates import via transporter GLUT4 switches starvation mode, counteracting virus. Diabetes also stimulate unfolded response thus mitophagy, is healthy aging health. were mimic exercise help reduce body weight.

Язык: Английский

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Virus-Induced Pathogenic Antibodies: Lessons from Long COVID and Dengue Hemorrhage Fever

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 26(5), С. 1898 - 1898

Опубликована: Фев. 22, 2025

Virus-induced antibodies represent a dual-edged sword in the immune response to viral infections. While are critical for neutralizing pathogens, some can paradoxically exacerbate disease severity through mechanisms such as antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE), autoantibody, and prolonged inflammation. Long coronavirus (COVID) dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) exemplify conditions where pathogenic play pivotal role progression. COVID is associated with persistent dysregulation autoantibody production, leading chronic symptoms tissue damage. In DHF, pre-existing against virus contribute ADE, amplifying replication, activation, vascular permeability. This review explores underlying these antibody responses, highlighting shared pathways of comparing distinct features both conditions. By examining studies, we identify key lessons therapeutic strategies, vaccine design, future research aimed at mitigating severe outcomes

Язык: Английский

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Involvement of oxidative stress in post-acute sequelae of COVID-19: clinical implications

Redox Report, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 30(1)

Опубликована: Март 3, 2025

Oxidative stress (OS) plays a key role in the pathophysiology of COVID-19 and may be associated with sequelae after severe SARS-CoV-2 infection. This study evaluated OS inflammation biomarkers blood from individuals post-acute (PASC). 64 male female participants were distributed into three groups: healthy (n = 20), acute patients (symptoms for <3 weeks, n 15), PASC >12 29). Analyses included inflammatory cytokines, myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity, markers, such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione S-transferase (GST), gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT), reduced (GSH), uric acid (UA), thiobarbituric reactive substances (TBARS), protein carbonyls (PC). Individuals showed increased IL-6 IL-8. Both groups exhibited decreased SOD CAT. GST only group. Elevated GGT GSH found High UA levels observed individuals. There no changes TBARS values ⁣⁣in However, PC concentrations elevated this Correlations identified between markers parameters. These findings suggest that pronounced OS, which potentially exacerbates disease complications. Monitoring could aid patient prognosis management.

Язык: Английский

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Long COVID: current research and future directions

Infectious Diseases & Immunity, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Март 4, 2025

Abstract Long coronavirus disease (COVID) is defined as the continuation or development of new symptoms three months after severe acute respiratory syndrome 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, and that last for at least two months, with no other explanation their cause. This includes various clinical manifestations affect multiple organ systems, such complications in respiratory, cardiovascular, neurological, musculoskeletal systems. The most commonly reported include fatigue, cognitive dysfunction, dyspnea, chest pain; however, prevalence severity these vary greatly among individuals. underlying mechanisms long COVID are complex multifaceted, encompassing viral persistence, immune system mitochondrial abnormalities, endothelial impairment, alterations microbiome. Further, has imposed a significant burden on individuals, healthcare economy by impairing an individual’s quality life functional capacity, thereby increasing costs demand care rehabilitation services. review summarizes definition, phenotypes, mechanisms, current treatment advancements highlights specific research directions future investigation.

Язык: Английский

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Modulating oxidative stress: a reliable strategy for coping with community-acquired pneumonia in older adults

Frontiers in Medicine, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 12

Опубликована: Март 26, 2025

Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) remains one of the leading respiratory diseases worldwide. With aging global population, morbidity, criticality and mortality rates CAP in older adults remain high every year. Modulating signaling pathways that cause inflammatory response improve immune function patients has become focus reducing damage lungs, especially adults. As an important factor causes affects status body, oxidative stress plays role occurrence, development treatment CAP. Furthermore, with CAP, is closely associated senescence, sarcopenia, frailty, aging, multimorbidity, polypharmacy. Therefore, multiple perspectives combined disease characteristics were reviewed to clarify research progress application value modulating Clearly, there no doubt targeted modulation benefits However, many challenges unknowns concerning how modulate for further practical clinical applications exist, more needed. Moreover, limitations are analyzed aim providing references ideas future or

Язык: Английский

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Association between oxidative balance score and lung function and FeNO and mortality in the US population

BMC Pulmonary Medicine, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 25(1)

Опубликована: Апрель 8, 2025

The Oxidative Balance Score (OBS) is a new indicator of overall antioxidant/oxidant balance that provides comprehensive picture the body's oxidative stress status, with higher OBS indicating greater antioxidant exposure. A limited number studies have examined association between and lung function FeNO, we aimed to investigate possible relationship FeNO. Data utilized in this study were sourced from 2007-2012 NHANES. Multivariable logistic regression was employed OBS/lifestyle (lifestyle antioxidants such as physical activity, etc., lifestyle pro-oxidants alcohol, smoking, etc.)/dietary (dietary fiber, β-carotene, riboflavin, dietary pro-oxidants, total fat, etc.) FEV1, FVC, PEF, FEF 25%- 75%, well obstructive ventilation dysfunction. dose-response FVC PEF explored using RCS analysis. Subgroup analysis interaction tests also conducted. We used multivariable Cox modeling explore OBS/dietary all-cause respiratory-related mortality. 8,568 participants enrolled. statistically significant observed levels. There no statistical OBS, FeNO revealed linear both FEV1 Notably, positive correlation more male participants. Conversely, levels influenced by gender BMI. effects on parameters independent whether had restrictive ventilatory dysfunction or dysfunction.In addition, demonstrated inverse associations mortality, whereas relationships these scores only exhibited In study, positively correlated (FEV1, PEF) U.S. adults. Exploring can enhance our understanding how homeostasis influences changes. This could provide valuable interventions for decline. found associated lower Adopting healthy consuming an antioxidant-rich diet may significantly improve prognosis patients reducing stress-related damage.

Язык: Английский

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