Glucose and trehalose metabolism through the cyclic pentose phosphate pathway shapes pathogen resistance and host protection in Drosophila
PLoS Biology,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
22(5), С. e3002299 - e3002299
Опубликована: Май 7, 2024
Activation
of
immune
cells
requires
the
remodeling
cell
metabolism
in
order
to
support
function.
We
study
these
metabolic
changes
through
infection
Drosophila
larvae
by
parasitoid
wasp.
The
egg
is
neutralized
differentiating
lamellocytes,
which
encapsulate
egg.
A
melanization
cascade
initiated,
producing
toxic
molecules
destroy
while
capsule
also
protects
host
from
reaction.
combined
transcriptomics
and
metabolomics,
including
13
C-labeled
glucose
trehalose
tracing,
as
well
genetic
manipulation
sugar
metabolism,
specifically
hemocytes.
found
that
hemocytes
increase
expression
several
carbohydrate
transporters
accordingly
uptake
more
during
infection.
These
carbohydrates
are
metabolized
increased
glycolysis,
associated
with
lactate
production,
cyclic
pentose
phosphate
pathway
(PPP),
glucose-6-phosphate
re-oxidized
maximize
NADPH
yield.
Oxidative
PPP
required
for
lamellocyte
differentiation
resistance,
systemic
metabolism.
In
addition,
fully
differentiated
lamellocytes
use
a
cytoplasmic
form
trehalase
cleave
fuel
PPP.
Intracellular
not
differentiation,
but
its
down-regulation
elevates
levels
reactive
oxygen
species,
resistance
reduced
fitness.
Our
results
suggest
PPP,
within
important
only
fight
protect
own
response
ensuring
fitness
survivor.
Язык: Английский
Encapsulation and Melanization Are Not Correlated to Successful Immune Defense Against Parasitoid Wasps in Drosophila melanogaster
Cells,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
14(1), С. 46 - 46
Опубликована: Янв. 3, 2025
Parasitoid
elimination
in
Drosophila
melanogaster
involves
special
hemocytes,
called
lamellocytes,
which
encapsulate
the
eggs
or
larvae
of
parasitoid
wasps.
The
capsules
are
melanized,
and
metabolites
melanization
reaction
may
play
a
potential
role
killing.
We
have
observed
variation
capacity
different,
commonly
used
D.
strains,
such
as
Canton-S,
Oregon-R,
BL5905,
BL6326.
In
this
work,
we
aimed
to
clarify
possible
connection
between
effectiveness
capsule
success
following
infection
with
Leptopilina
Circulating
hemocytes
lamellocyte
attachment
were
visualized
by
confocal
epifluorescence
microscopy
using
indirect
immunofluorescence.
Expression
profiles
PPO2
PPO3
prophenoloxidase
genes,
encode
key
enzymes
reaction,
detected
qRT-PCR.
Parasitization
assays
analyze
fly
wasp
eclosion
success.
Active
encapsulation
reactions
against
boulardi
BL5905
BL6326
though
restricted
dead
supernumerary
parasitoids,
while
rates
essentially
same
four
examined
strains.
conclude
that
carried
out
L.
no
impact
on
survival.
Язык: Английский
Innate Immunity in Insects: The Lights and Shadows of Phenoloxidase System Activation
International Journal of Molecular Sciences,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
26(3), С. 1320 - 1320
Опубликована: Фев. 4, 2025
Melanogenesis
and
melanin
deposition
are
processes
essential
for
the
effective
immune
response
of
insects
to
various
invaders.
Phenoloxidase
(PO),
produced
in
specialized
cells
as
an
inactive
precursor
prophenoloxidase
(proPO),
is
key
enzyme
formation.
The
activated
via
limited
proteolysis
by
a
dedicated
serine
proteinase,
which
final
element
cascade
proteinases
(SPs)
that
make
up
PO
system.
provides
different
cytotoxic
molecules
active
fighting
infections,
well
melanin,
important
sequestration
However,
since
reactive
compounds
generated
during
melanization
also
pose
threat
host
cells,
strict
control
system
necessary
self-protection.
Different
pathogens
parasites
influence
through
strategies,
allow
them
survive
develop
insect
body.
In
this
review,
we
characterize
“the
lights
shadows”
activation,
indicating,
on
one
hand,
its
advantages
efficient
mechanism
and,
other
dangers
associated
with
improper
functioning
selected
strategies
regulating
activity
entomopathogenic
organisms.
Язык: Английский
miR‐11903a modulates CLIPB9‐mediated pathogen defense and longevity in Aedes aegypti
Yan‐Hui Liu,
Yanan Yin,
Lingling Yu
и другие.
Insect Science,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
unknown
Опубликована: Фев. 4, 2025
Abstract
Arthropod
melanization
is
a
crucial
defense
mechanism
mediated
by
complex
cascade
of
CLIP
domain
serine
proteases
(CLIPs).
In
this
study,
it
was
confirmed
that
microRNA‐11903a
(miR‐11903a)
targets
Aedes‐CLIPB9
(
AeCLIPB9
)
bioinformatics
prediction
and
dual‐luciferase
reporter
assays.
Following
intrathoracic
injection
miR‐11903a
agomir
antagomir,
Real‐time
quantitative
polymerase
chain
reaction
negatively
regulated
miR‐11903a.
Spatiotemporal
expression
analysis
revealed
most
abundant
in
4th
instar
larvae,
followed
pupae
adults,
highly
expressed
the
wings,
head,
midgut
female
adults.
pathogen
infection,
exhibited
opposite
trends,
indicating
their
potential
roles
mosquito
innate
immunity.
To
further
investigate
relationship
between
miR‐11903a,
double‐strand
CLIPB9
synthesized
RNA
interference
performed.
Seven‐d
survival
assays
both
were
immune
factors
fighting
pathogens.
Finally,
longevity
demonstrated
influenced
lifespan.
Язык: Английский
Carbohydrate and protein metabolism
Elsevier eBooks,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
unknown
Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2025
Язык: Английский
The allatotropin/orexin system as an example of immunomodulatory properties of neuropeptides
Insect Biochemistry and Molecular Biology,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
171, С. 104149 - 104149
Опубликована: Июнь 12, 2024
The
central
nervous
system
(CNS)
plays
a
critical
role
in
signal
integration
animals
and
allows
the
orchestration
of
life
processes
to
maintain
homeostasis.
Current
research
clearly
shows
that
inflammatory
can
also
be
modulated
by
CNS
via
neuroendocrine
system.
One
neuropeptide
families
participate
vertebrates
this
process
is
orexins
(OXs).
Interestingly,
our
previous
results
suggested
similar
dependency
may
exist
between
neuropeptides
immune
activity
insects.
Due
structural
homology
orexin
allatotropin
receptors
functional
similarity
these
two
families,
main
aim
was
perform
complex
analysis
relationships
(AT)
insect
response.
Our
revealed
similarities
vertebrate
OXs
ATs.
Similar
effects
were
observed
profile
expression
level
gene
encoding
AT
precursor
Tenebrio
molitor
general
action
Tenmo-AT
on
selected
parameters
tested
beetles.
Moreover,
for
first
time
insects,
we
confirmed
cytokines
modulation
determining
effect
Spätzle-like
protein
injection
genes
receptor.
All
are
important
understanding
evolutionary
basis
hormonal
regulation
Язык: Английский