The Ketogenic Diet and Cardiovascular Diseases

Nutrients, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 15(15), С. 3368 - 3368

Опубликована: Июль 28, 2023

The most common and increasing causes of death worldwide are cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Taking into account the fact that diet is a key factor, it worth exploring this aspect CVD prevention therapy. aim article to assess potential ketogenic in treatment CVD. comprehensive, meticulous analysis literature area, taking recent studies currently available. has been shown have multifaceted effect on Among other aspects, beneficial blood lipid profile, even compared diets. It shows strong anti-inflammatory cardioprotective potential, which due, among factors, properties state ketosis, elimination simple sugars, restriction total carbohydrates supply omega-3 fatty acids. In addition, ketone bodies provide "rescue fuel" for diseased heart by affecting its metabolism. They also function vascular endothelium, including improving inhibiting premature ageing. pressure risk factors through, weight loss. evidence cited often superior standard diets, making likely advantages over dietary models diseases. There legitimate need further research area.

Язык: Английский

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Dysfunctional and Dysregulated Nitric Oxide Synthases in Cardiovascular Disease: Mechanisms and Therapeutic Potential

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 24(20), С. 15200 - 15200

Опубликована: Окт. 15, 2023

Nitric oxide (NO) plays an important and diverse signalling role in the cardiovascular system, contributing to regulation of vascular tone, endothelial function, myocardial haemostasis, thrombosis, amongst many other roles. NO is synthesised through nitric synthase (NOS)-dependent L-arginine-NO pathway, as well nitrate-nitrite-NO pathway. The three isoforms NOS, namely neuronal (NOS1), inducible (NOS2), (NOS3), have different localisation functions human body, are consequently thought differing pathophysiological Furthermore, we continue develop a deepened understanding roles NOS disease, possibility therapeutically modulating activity has emerged. Indeed, impaired (or dysfunctional), overactive dysregulated) attractive therapeutic targets disease. This review aims describe recent advances elucidating physiological within mechanisms dysfunctional dysregulated We then discuss modulation target development novel therapeutics.

Язык: Английский

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Insights into modifiable risk factors of erectile dysfunction, a wide-angled Mendelian Randomization study

Journal of Advanced Research, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 58, С. 149 - 161

Опубликована: Май 25, 2023

The causal association between modifiable risk factors and erectile dysfunction (ED) remains unclear, which hinders the early identification intervention of patients with ED. present study aimed to clarify 42 predominant

Язык: Английский

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New Insights into Endothelial Dysfunction in Cardiometabolic Diseases: Potential Mechanisms and Clinical Implications

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 25(5), С. 2973 - 2973

Опубликована: Март 4, 2024

The endothelium is a monocellular layer covering the inner surface of blood vessels. It maintains vascular homeostasis regulating tone and permeability exerts anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-proliferative, anti-thrombotic functions. When exposed to detrimental stimuli including hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, neurohormonal imbalance, different biological pathways are activated leading oxidative stress, endothelial dysfunction, increased secretion adipokines, cytokines, endothelin-1, fibroblast growth factor, reduced nitric oxide production, eventually loss integrity. Endothelial dysfunction has emerged as hallmark dysmetabolic impairment contributes effects on cardiac metabolism diastolic development cardiovascular diseases heart failure. Different biomarkers have been proposed predict in order identify microvascular macrovascular damage atherosclerosis, particularly metabolic disorders. also plays an important role severe COVID-19 complications patients after SARS-CoV-2 infection. In this review, we will discuss mechanisms involved dysregulation context cardiometabolic well available promising clinical practice.

Язык: Английский

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A systems view of the vascular endothelium in health and disease

Cell, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 187(18), С. 4833 - 4858

Опубликована: Сен. 1, 2024

Язык: Английский

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Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms Leading to Air Travel-Induced Thrombosis

Circulation Research, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 136(1), С. 115 - 134

Опубликована: Янв. 2, 2025

Venous thromboembolism, characterized by deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism, is the third cardiovascular disease in world. Deep occurs when a blood clot forms areas of impaired flow, it significantly affected environmental factors. Local hypoxia, caused venous stasis, plays critical role under normal conditions, this effect intensified P o 2 decreases, such as during air travel or high-altitude exposure. The lower oxygen levels reduced pressure at high altitudes further contribute to development. These conditions increase pro-coagulant activity neutrophils, platelets, red cells, which interact on surface activated endothelial promoting formation. Understanding mechanisms involved thrombus formation reduced, with without reduction, crucial for preventing development thromboembolisms identifying innovative therapeutic targets. This literature review explores related discusses consequences induced disturbances.

Язык: Английский

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Transient receptor potential melastatin 7 cation channel, magnesium and cell metabolism in vascular health and disease

Acta Physiologica, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 241(2)

Опубликована: Янв. 12, 2025

Abstract Preserving the balance of metabolic processes in endothelial cells (ECs) and vascular smooth muscle (VSMCs), is crucial for optimal function integrity. ECs are metabolically active depend on aerobic glycolysis to efficiently produce energy their essential functions, which include regulating tone. Impaired EC metabolism linked damage, increased permeability inflammation. Metabolic alterations VSMCs also contribute dysfunction atherosclerosis hypertension. Magnesium (Mg 2+ ) second most abundant intracellular divalent cation influences molecular that regulate function, including vasodilation, vasoconstriction, release vasoactive substances. Mg critically involved maintaining cellular homeostasis since it an cofactor ATP, nucleic acids hundreds enzymes processes. Low levels have been dysfunction, tone, inflammation arterial remodeling. Growing evidence indicates important role transient receptor potential melastatin‐subfamily member 7 (TRPM7) channel regulation VSMCs. In vasculature, TRPM7 deficiency leads impaired contraction, phenotypic switching VSMCs, fibrosis, characterize phenotype Here we provide a comprehensive overview TRPM7/Mg how VSMC such as glucose homeostasis, redox regulation, phosphoinositide signaling, mineral metabolism. The putative altered hypertension discussed.

Язык: Английский

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Mechanisms and Clinical Implications of Endothelial Dysfunction in Arterial Hypertension

Journal of Cardiovascular Development and Disease, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 9(5), С. 136 - 136

Опубликована: Апрель 27, 2022

The endothelium is composed of a monolayer endothelial cells, lining the interior surface blood and lymphatic vessels. Endothelial cells display important homeostatic functions, since they are able to respond humoral hemodynamic stimuli. Thus, dysfunction has been proposed as key early pathogenic mechanism in many clinical conditions. Given relevant repercussions on cardiovascular risk, complex interplay between systemic arterial hypertension matter study recent years. Numerous articles have published this issue, all which contribute providing an interesting insight into molecular mechanisms its role biomarker inflammation, oxidative stress, vascular disease. prognostic therapeutic implications also analyzed setting, with new findings potential applications practice future research. aim review summarize pathophysiology relationship hypertension, focus personalized pharmacological rehabilitation strategies targeting while treating comorbidities.

Язык: Английский

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Inflammation and hypertension: Underlying mechanisms and emerging understandings

Journal of Cellular Physiology, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 238(6), С. 1148 - 1159

Опубликована: Апрель 11, 2023

Hypertension remains a major contributor to cardiovascular disease (CVD), leading cause of global death. One the insults that drive increased blood pressure is inflammation. While it body's defensive response against some homeostatic imbalances, inflammation, when dysregulated, can be very deleterious. In this review, we highlight and discuss causative relationship between inflammation hypertension. We critically how interplay reactive oxygen species evokes endothelial damage dysfunction, ultimately narrowing stiffness vessels. This, along with phenotypic switching vascular smooth muscle cells abnormal increase in extracellular matrix deposition further exacerbates arterial noncompliance. also hyperhomocysteinemia microRNA act as links The premises suggest blue-sky scenarios for targeting underlying mechanisms hypertension necessitate research.

Язык: Английский

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New Insight in Cardiorenal Syndrome: From Biomarkers to Therapy

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 24(6), С. 5089 - 5089

Опубликована: Март 7, 2023

Cardiorenal syndrome consists in the coexistence of acute or chronic dysfunction heart and kidneys resulting a cascade feedback mechanisms causing damage to both organs associated with high morbidity mortality. In last few years, different biomarkers have been investigated aim achieve an early accurate diagnosis cardiorenal syndrome, provide prognostic role guide development targeted pharmacological non-pharmacological therapies. such context, sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors, recommended as first-line choice management failure, might represent promising strategy due their efficacy reducing cardiac renal outcomes. this review, we will discuss current knowledge on pathophysiology adults, well utility kidney potential insights into novel therapeutics.

Язык: Английский

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