Vitamin D Determinants, Status, and Antioxidant/Anti-inflammatory-Related Effects in Cardiovascular Risk and Disease: Not the Last Word in the Controversy

Antioxidants, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 12(4), С. 948 - 948

Опубликована: Апрель 18, 2023

Beyond its key role in calcium homeostasis, vitamin D has been found to significantly affect the cardiovascular (CV) system. In fact, low levels have associated with increased CV risk, as well morbidity and mortality. The majority of effects this molecule are related directly or indirectly antioxidative anti-inflammatory properties. Generally, insufficiency is considered for 25-hydroxyvitamin (25(OH)D) between 21–29 ng/mL (corresponding 52.5–72.5 nmol/L), deficiency 25(OH)D less than 20 (<50 extreme 10 (<25 nmol/L). However, definition an optimal status, defined by 25(OH)D, remains controversial many extra-bone conditions, including disease. review, confounding factors affecting measurement status will be discussed. particular, available evidence on mechanism relation risk disease through antioxidant effect reported, also facing aspect regarding debate minimum blood level required ensure health.

Язык: Английский

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Oxidative Stress and MicroRNAs in Endothelial Cells under Metabolic Disorders

Cells, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 12(9), С. 1341 - 1341

Опубликована: Май 8, 2023

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are radical intermediates that serve as important second messengers in signal transduction. However, when the accumulation of these molecules exceeds buffering capacity antioxidant enzymes, oxidative stress and endothelial cell (EC) dysfunction occur. EC shifts vascular system into a pro-coagulative, proinflammatory state, thereby increasing risk developing cardiovascular (CV) diseases metabolic disorders. Studies have turned to investigation microRNA treatment for CV factors, post-transcription regulators known co-regulate ROS. In this review, we will discuss ROS pathways generation, normal physiology ROS-induced dysfunction, current knowledge common disorders their connection stress. Therapeutic strategies based on microRNAs response microRNA’s regulatory roles controlling also be explored. It is gain an in-depth comprehension mechanisms generating how manipulating enzymatic byproducts can protect function from prevent development

Язык: Английский

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Effects of Hydroxytyrosol in Endothelial Functioning: A Comprehensive Review

Molecules, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 28(4), С. 1861 - 1861

Опубликована: Фев. 16, 2023

Pharmacologists have been emphasizing and applying plant herbal-based treatments in vascular diseases for decades now. Olives, example, are a traditional symbol of the Mediterranean diet. Hydroxytyrosol is an olive-derived compound known its antioxidant cardioprotective effects. Acknowledging merit antioxidants maintaining endothelial function warrants application hydroxytyrosol dysfunction salvage recovery. Endothelial (ED) impairment cells that adversely affects homeostasis. Disturbance functioning precursor atherosclerosis and, subsequently, coronary peripheral artery disease. However, effects on were not extensively studied, limiting value either as nutraceutical supplement or clinical trials. The action at cellular molecular level gathered summarized this review. favorable improvement from vitro vivo studies scrutinized. We conclude capable to counteract oxidative stress, inflammation, aging, arterial stiffness; thus, it beneficial preserve both vivo. Although specifically dysfunction, safety efficacy had demonstrated via trials cardiovascular-related studies.

Язык: Английский

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Deciphering the Dilemma: Anticoagulation for Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction (HFpEF)

Cureus, Год журнала: 2023, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Авг. 10, 2023

Impairment in ventricular relaxation and preserved left ejection fraction are the two main features of heart failure with (HFpEF) a difficult clinical condition. Therapeutic choices for HFpEF patients still scarce despite its rising frequency negative effects on morbidity mortality, necessitating creative methods to enhance results. The increased thromboembolic risk seen these individuals raises questions about relevance anticoagulation therapy HFpEF. Although has been shown be beneficial decreased (HFrEF) other high-risk cardiovascular disorders, efficacy safety present challenging therapeutic challenge. Anticoagulants have subject trials HFpEF, but results conflicting, giving clinicians only little information which make decisions. decision-making process is made more by worries potential bleeding hazards, particularly susceptible elderly comorbidities. link between anticoagulant medication thoroughly analyzed this narrative review. In cardiac fibrosis endothelial dysfunction create prothrombotic milieu, as highlighted passage. Also covered recent developments innovative biomarker research cutting-edge imaging techniques, may provide ways spot who might benefit from anticoagulation. This conundrum resolved using precision medicine strategies based classification individualized choices. review emphasizes need establish best use within framework personalized shared decision-making. To successfully manage reduce consequences patients, it essential perform well-designed studies advance our understanding pathophysiology These ultimately improve prognosis quality life people suffer mysterious ailment.

Язык: Английский

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The potential effect of natural antioxidants on endothelial dysfunction associated with arterial hypertension

Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 11

Опубликована: Фев. 2, 2024

Arterial hypertension represents a leading cause of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality worldwide, the identification effective solutions for treating early stages elevated blood pressure (BP) is still relevant issue risk prevention. The pathophysiological basis occurrence BP onset arterial have been widely studied in recent years. In addition, consistent progress development novel, powerful, antihypertensive drugs their appropriate applications controlling increased our potential successfully managing disease states characterized by abnormal pressure. However, mechanisms responsible disruption endogenous contributing to maintenance within normal range are yet be fully clarified. Recently, evidence has shown that several natural antioxidants containing active ingredients originating from plant extracts, used alone or combination, may represent valid solution counteracting hypertension. particular, there show enhance viability endothelial cells undergoing oxidative damage, an effect could play crucial role events accompanying present review aims reassess stress on dysfunction progression covering unmet needs treatment such diseases.

Язык: Английский

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Neurovascular coupling impairment as a mechanism for cognitive deficits in COVID-19

Brain Communications, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 6(2)

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2024

Abstract Components that comprise our brain parenchymal and cerebrovascular structures provide a homeostatic environment for proper neuronal function to ensure normal cognition. Cerebral insults (e.g. ischaemia, microbleeds infection) alter cellular physiologic processes within the neurovascular unit contribute cognitive dysfunction. COVID-19 has posed significant complications during acute convalescent stages in multiple organ systems, including brain. Cognitive impairment is prevalent complication patients, irrespective of severity SARS-CoV-2 infection. Moreover, overwhelming evidence from vitro, preclinical clinical studies reported SARS-CoV-2-induced pathologies components are associated with impairment. Neurovascular disruption alters coupling response, critical mechanism regulates cerebromicrovascular blood flow meet energetic demands locally active neurons. Normal processing achieved through response involves coordinated action cells (i.e. neurons glia) cell types endothelia, smooth muscle pericytes). However, current work on COVID-19-induced yet investigate as causal factor. Hence, this review, we aim describe SARS-CoV-2's effects how they can impact decline disease. Additionally, explore potential therapeutic interventions mitigate Given great both individuals public health, necessity effort fundamental scientific research application becomes imperative. This integrated endeavour crucial mitigating deficits induced by its subsequent burden especially vulnerable population.

Язык: Английский

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MicroRNA-19a-3p inhibits endothelial dysfunction in atherosclerosis by targeting JCAD

BMC Cardiovascular Disorders, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 24(1)

Опубликована: Июль 30, 2024

Abstract Objective To examine the influences and mechanisms of MicroRNA-19a-3p (miR-19a-3p) on endothelial dysfunction in atherosclerosis. Methods An analysis miR-19a expression was carried out using Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. The effect miR-19a-3p function HUVECs evaluated by overexpression under TNF-α treatment. Luciferase assays were performed to explore potential target genes. Overexpression junctional protein associated with coronary artery disease (JCAD) used effects cell adhesion, proliferation. Results MiR-19a-3p cells decreased after exposure and/or oscillatory flow, consistent change found atherosclerotic plaques. Additionally, inflammation significantly diminished but markedly exacerbated inhibition. transfection JCAD binding 3’-UTR mRNA. Furthermore, protective against achieved regulating closely linked Hippo/YAP signaling pathway. Conclusion is a crucial molecular switch onset atherosclerosis possible pharmacological therapeutic strategy for reversing development

Язык: Английский

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Metabolic Reprogramming in SARS-CoV-2 Infection Impacts the Outcome of COVID-19 Patients

Frontiers in Immunology, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 13

Опубликована: Июль 11, 2022

Introduction Severe acute respiratory syndrome–coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection triggers inflammatory clinical stages that affect the outcome of patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Disease severity may be associated a metabolic imbalance related to amino acids, lipids, and energy-generating pathways. The aim this study was characterize profile acids acylcarnitines in COVID-19 patients. A multicenter, cross-sectional carried out. total 453 individuals were classified by severity. Levels 11 31 acylcarnitines, succinylacetone serum samples analyzed electrospray ionization–triple quadrupole tandem mass spectrometry. Different clusters observed partial least squares discriminant analysis, phenylalanine, alanine, citrulline, proline, providing major contribution variability each cluster (variable importance projection &gt;1.5). In logistic models adjusted age, sex, type diabetes mellitus, hypertension, nutritional status, phenylalanine critical outcomes (odds ratio=5.3 (95% CI 3.16-9.2) severe vs. model, an area under curve 0.84 0.77-0.90). conclusion might progression. This work shows association patients, highlighting as potential biomarker

Язык: Английский

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Canagliflozin mitigates carfilzomib-induced endothelial apoptosis via an AMPK-dependent pathway

Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 164, С. 114907 - 114907

Опубликована: Май 27, 2023

Carfilzomib (CFZ) is a proteasome inhibitor approved for relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma (MM) but its clinical use limited by cardiovascular toxicity. The mechanisms of CFZ-induced toxicity are not fully understood endothelial dysfunction may be common denominator. Here, we first characterized the direct toxic effects CFZ on cells (HUVECs and EA.hy926 cells) tested whether SGLT2 inhibitors, known to have cardioprotective effects, can protect against To determine chemotherapeutic effect in presence MM lymphoma were treated with or without canagliflozin. decreased cell viability induced apoptotic death concentration-dependent manner. also upregulated ICAM-1 VCAM-1 downregulated VEGFR-2. These associated activation Akt MAPK pathways, inhibition p70s6k, downregulation AMPK. Canagliflozin, empagliflozin dapagliflozin, protected from apoptosis. Mechanistically, canagliflozin abrogated JNK AMPK inhibition. AICAR (an activator) apoptosis, compound C inhibitor) protective canagliflozin, strongly suggesting that mediates these effects. Canagliflozin did interfere anticancer cancer cells. In conclusion, our findings demonstrate time signaling changes. an AMPK-dependent mechanism, interfering cytotoxicity

Язык: Английский

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High miR-126-3p levels associated with cardiovascular events in a general population

European Journal of Internal Medicine, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 113, С. 49 - 56

Опубликована: Апрель 18, 2023

Endothelial dysfunction is a forerunner of atherosclerosis, leading to cardiovascular disease, and albuminuria marker endothelial dysfunction. Circulating levels microRNAs are emerging as potential biomarkers for disease. Here we estimate the predictive value plasma signature associated with in incidence events.Plasma quantified hypertensive patients by next generation sequencing were validated cohort controls real-time quantitative PCR. The found be analysed their prognostic predicting events on retrospective, population-based study (Hortega Study), using Cox proportional hazard models.A microRNA profile was identified discovery (n = 48) three (miR-126-3p, miR-1260b miR-374a-5p) confirmed validation 98). discriminates urinary albumin excretion at baseline 1025), predicts coronary heart disease stroke general population retrospective within 14-year follow-up 926). High miR-126-3p shorter time free both (HR=1.48, (1.36-1.62), p < 0.0001), well artery combined (HR=2.49, (2.19-2.83), 0.0001).An increased albuminuria. Increased suggest it may serve long-term population. Further studies will assess role guide status

Язык: Английский

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