RETRACTED ARTICLE: Role of the gut microbiome in chronic diseases: a narrative review

European Journal of Clinical Nutrition, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 76(4), С. 489 - 501

Опубликована: Сен. 28, 2021

Язык: Английский

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A systematic review of gut microbiota composition in observational studies of major depressive disorder, bipolar disorder and schizophrenia

Molecular Psychiatry, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 27(4), С. 1920 - 1935

Опубликована: Фев. 22, 2022

Abstract The emerging understanding of gut microbiota as ‘metabolic machinery’ influencing many aspects physiology has gained substantial attention in the field psychiatry. This is largely due to overlapping pathophysiological mechanisms associated with both potential functionality and biological thought be underpinning mental disorders. In this systematic review, we synthesised current literature investigating differences composition people major psychiatric disorders, depressive disorder (MDD), bipolar (BD) schizophrenia (SZ), compared ‘healthy’ controls. We also explored across disorders an attempt elucidate commonalities microbial signatures these Following PRISMA guidelines, databases were searched from inception through December 2021. identified 44 studies (including a total 2510 cases 2407 controls) that met inclusion criteria, which 24 investigated MDD, seven BD, 15 SZ. Our syntheses provide no strong evidence for difference number or distribution (α-diversity) bacteria those However, relatively consistent reporting overall community (β-diversity) without specific bacterial taxa commonly including lower levels genera produce short-chain fatty acids (e.g. butyrate), higher lactic acid-producing bacteria, glutamate GABA metabolism. observed heterogeneity regards methodologies reporting. Further prospective experimental research using new tools robust guidelines hold promise improving our role brain health development interventions based on modification microbiota.

Язык: Английский

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Gut Microbiota, Muscle Mass and Function in Aging: A Focus on Physical Frailty and Sarcopenia

Nutrients, Год журнала: 2019, Номер 11(7), С. 1633 - 1633

Опубликована: Июль 17, 2019

Human gut microbiota is able to influence the host physiology by regulating multiple processes, including nutrient absorption, inflammation, oxidative stress, immune function, and anabolic balance. Aging associated with reduced biodiversity, increased inter-individual variability, over-representation of pathobionts, these phenomena may have great relevance for skeletal muscle mass function. For this reason, presence a gut-muscle axis onset progression age-related physical frailty sarcopenia has been recently hypothesized. In narrative review, we summarize studies supporting possible association between microbiota-related parameters measures mass, performance in animal models humans. Reduced distinct composition fermentative capacity mice, administration probiotics or butyrate mouse wasting improved mass. However, no targeted human microbiome sarcopenia. Limited evidence from shows an composition, involving key taxa such as Faecalibacterium Bifidobacterium, grip strength. Similarly, few conducted on patients parkinsonism showed trend towards different those gait speed. No assessed fecal other performance. several studies, mainly cross-sectional design, suggest frailty, mostly according deficit accumulation model. Namely, was lower representation butyrate-producing bacteria. Therefore, conclude that causal link fitness still uncertain due lack large number covariates, diet, exercise, multimorbidity, polypharmacy, both function older age. relationship remains very promising area research future.

Язык: Английский

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Relationships of gut microbiota, short-chain fatty acids, inflammation, and the gut barrier in Parkinson’s disease

Molecular Neurodegeneration, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 16(1)

Опубликована: Фев. 8, 2021

Abstract Background Previous studies have reported that gut microbiota, permeability, short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), and inflammation are altered in Parkinson’s disease (PD), but how these factors linked they contribute to processes symptoms remains uncertain. This study sought compare identify associations among PD patients controls elucidate their interrelations links clinical manifestations of PD. Methods Stool plasma samples data were collected from 55 56 controls. Levels stool SCFAs inflammatory permeability markers compared between related one another the microbiota. Results Calprotectin was increased decreased a sex-dependent manner. Inflammatory neither intercorrelated nor strongly associated with SCFA levels. Age at onset positively correlated negatively CXCL8 IL-1β stool. Fecal zonulin fecal NGAL motor non-motor symptoms. Microbiota diversity composition levels SCFAs, factors, Certain relationships differed by sex. Conclusions Intestinal responses reductions occur PD, microbiota onset, not reflected profiles. Some distinct sex-dependent. revealed potential alterations microbiota-host interactions earlier intestinal reduced levels, highlighting candidate molecules pathways which may pathogenesis presentation warrant further investigation.

Язык: Английский

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Whole Fruits and Fruit Fiber Emerging Health Effects

Nutrients, Год журнала: 2018, Номер 10(12), С. 1833 - 1833

Опубликована: Ноя. 28, 2018

Less than 10% of most Western populations consume adequate levels whole fruits and dietary fiber with typical intake being about half the recommended levels. Evidence beneficial health effects consuming has been steadily growing, especially regarding their bioactive prebiotic role in improved weight control, wellness healthy aging. The primary aim this narrative review article is to examine increasing number benefits which are associated fruits, fruit fiber, throughout human lifecycle. These potential include: protecting colonic gastrointestinal (e.g., constipation, irritable bowel syndrome, inflammatory diseases, diverticular disease); promoting long-term management; reducing risk cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes metabolic syndrome; defending against colorectal lung cancers; improving odds successful aging; severity asthma chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; enhancing psychological well-being lowering depression; contributing higher bone mineral density children adults; seborrheic dermatitis; helping attenuate autism spectrum disorder severity. Low represents a potentially more serious global population threat previously recognized, light emerging research on benefits.

Язык: Английский

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