An Overview of Oxidative Stress, Neuroinflammation, and Neurodegenerative Diseases

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 23(11), С. 5938 - 5938

Опубликована: Май 25, 2022

Oxidative stress has been linked with a variety of diseases, being involved in the debut and/or progress several neurodegenerative disorders. This review intends to summarize some findings that correlate overproduction reactive oxygen species pathophysiology Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s Huntington’s and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. was also noted modify inflammatory response. Even though oxidative neuroinflammation are two totally different pathological events, they affect one another. Nonetheless, there still mechanisms need be understood regarding onset diseases order develop efficient therapies. As antioxidants means alter slow down symptoms these most common antioxidants, enzymatic as well non-enzymatic, have mentioned this paper therapeutic options for discussed

Язык: Английский

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Normal Aging Induces Changes in the Brain and Neurodegeneration Progress: Review of the Structural, Biochemical, Metabolic, Cellular, and Molecular Changes

Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 14

Опубликована: Июнь 30, 2022

Aging is accompanied by many changes in brain and contributes to progressive cognitive decline. In contrast pathological brain, normal aging have relatively mild but important structural, biochemical molecular level. Representatively, associated include atrophy of tissues, alteration neurotransmitters damage accumulation cellular environment. These effects causative link with age which ultimately results Although several evidences were found it not clearly integrated. Figuring out related as the process that everyone goes through, comprehensive understanding may help progress further studies. This review clarifies an asymptotic manner, from a gross level microscopic level, discusses potential approaches seek

Язык: Английский

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Antioxidant Therapy in Oxidative Stress-Induced Neurodegenerative Diseases: Role of Nanoparticle-Based Drug Delivery Systems in Clinical Translation

Antioxidants, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 11(2), С. 408 - 408

Опубликована: Фев. 17, 2022

Free radicals are formed as a part of normal metabolic activities but neutralized by the endogenous antioxidants present in cells/tissue, thus maintaining redox balance. This balance is disrupted certain neuropathophysiological conditions, causing oxidative stress, which implicated several progressive neurodegenerative diseases. Following neuronal injury, secondary injury progression also caused excessive production free radicals. Highly reactive radicals, mainly oxygen species (ROS) and nitrogen (RNS), damage cell membrane, proteins, DNA, triggers self-propagating inflammatory cascade degenerative events. Dysfunctional mitochondria under stress conditions considered key mediator neurodegeneration. Exogenous delivery holds promise to alleviate regain In this regard, natural synthetic have been evaluated. Despite promising results preclinical studies, clinical translation therapy treat diseases remains elusive. The issues could be their low bioavailability, instability, limited transport target tissue, and/or poor antioxidant capacity, requiring repeated high dosing, cannot administered humans because dose-limiting toxicity. Our laboratory investigating nanoparticle-mediated enzymes address some above issues. Apart from being endogenous, main advantage catalytic mechanism action; hence, they significantly more effective at lower doses detoxifying deleterious effects than nonenzymatic antioxidants. review provides comprehensive analysis potential therapy, challenges translation, role nanoparticles/drug systems play addressing these challenges.

Язык: Английский

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Microbial-derived metabolites as a risk factor of age-related cognitive decline and dementia

Molecular Neurodegeneration, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 17(1)

Опубликована: Июнь 17, 2022

A consequence of our progressively ageing global population is the increasing prevalence worldwide age-related cognitive decline and dementia. In absence effective therapeutic interventions, identifying risk factors associated with becomes increasingly vital. Novel perspectives suggest that a dynamic bidirectional communication system between gut, its microbiome, central nervous system, commonly referred to as microbiota-gut-brain axis, may be contributing factor for health disease. However, exact mechanisms remain undefined. Microbial-derived metabolites produced in gut can cross intestinal epithelial barrier, enter systemic circulation trigger physiological responses both directly indirectly affecting functions. Dysregulation this (i.e., dysbiosis) modulate cytotoxic metabolite production, promote neuroinflammation negatively impact cognition. review, we explore critical connections microbial-derived (secondary bile acids, trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO), tryptophan derivatives others) their influence upon function neurodegenerative disorders, particular interest less-explored role decline.

Язык: Английский

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Recent advances in Alzheimer’s disease: Mechanisms, clinical trials and new drug development strategies

Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 9(1)

Опубликована: Авг. 23, 2024

Abstract Alzheimer’s disease (AD) stands as the predominant form of dementia, presenting significant and escalating global challenges. Its etiology is intricate diverse, stemming from a combination factors such aging, genetics, environment. Our current understanding AD pathologies involves various hypotheses, cholinergic, amyloid, tau protein, inflammatory, oxidative stress, metal ion, glutamate excitotoxicity, microbiota-gut-brain axis, abnormal autophagy. Nonetheless, unraveling interplay among these pathological aspects pinpointing primary initiators require further elucidation validation. In past decades, most clinical drugs have been discontinued due to limited effectiveness or adverse effects. Presently, available primarily offer symptomatic relief often accompanied by undesirable side However, recent approvals aducanumab ( 1 ) lecanemab 2 Food Drug Administration (FDA) present potential in disrease-modifying Nevertheless, long-term efficacy safety need Consequently, quest for safer more effective persists formidable pressing task. This review discusses pathogenesis, advances diagnostic biomarkers, latest updates trials, emerging technologies drug development. We highlight progress discovery selective inhibitors, dual-target allosteric modulators, covalent proteolysis-targeting chimeras (PROTACs), protein-protein interaction (PPI) modulators. goal provide insights into prospective development application novel drugs.

Язык: Английский

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Deregulated mitochondrial microRNAs in Alzheimer's disease: Focus on synapse and mitochondria

Ageing Research Reviews, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 73, С. 101529 - 101529

Опубликована: Ноя. 20, 2021

Язык: Английский

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Role of Reactive Oxygen Species in Aging and Age-Related Diseases: A Review

ACS Applied Bio Materials, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 5(9), С. 4028 - 4054

Опубликована: Авг. 31, 2022

Research on the role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in aging process has advanced significantly over last two decades. In light recent findings, ROS takes part cells along with contributing to various physiological signaling pathways. Antioxidants being cells' natural defense mechanism against ROS-mediated alteration, play an imperative maintain intracellular homeostasis. Although complete understanding regulated is yet be fully comprehended, current insights into sources cellular and their correlation age-related diseases are portrayed this review. addition, results effect antioxidants homeostasis as well advances clinical trials also discussed detail. The future perspective ROS-antioxidant dynamics antiaging research marshaled provide directions for fields.

Язык: Английский

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Mushrooms as future generation healthy foods

Frontiers in Nutrition, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 9

Опубликована: Дек. 6, 2022

The potential of edible mushrooms as an unexploited treasure trove, although rarely included in known food guidelines, is highlighted. Their role shielding people against the side effects unhealthy stylish diet reviewed. Mushrooms complement human with various bioactive molecules not identified or deficient foodstuffs plant and animal sources, being considered a functional for prevention several diseases. have been widely used medicinal products more than 2,000 years, but globally field use wild has untapped. There broad range which remain poorly even unreported valuable pool sources compounds biopharma utilization new dietary supplements. Some unique elements their preventative healthcare are emphasized, through positive impact on immune system. antiviral, anti-inflammatory, anti-neoplastic, other health concerns discussed. incorporate top non-digestible oligosaccharides, ergothioneine, humans unable to synthesize, later antioxidant, cytoprotective, anti-inflammatory element, therapeutic potential, approved by world agencies. prebiotic activity beneficially affects gut homeostasis performance balance microbiota enhanced. Several recent studies neurological contribution growth nerve brain cells mentioned. Indeed, foods' nutraceuticals presently regarded next-generation foods, supporting wellness, promising prophylactic agents.

Язык: Английский

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The Potential Benefits of Quercetin for Brain Health: A Review of Anti-Inflammatory and Neuroprotective Mechanisms

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 24(7), С. 6328 - 6328

Опубликована: Март 28, 2023

Neuroinflammation is a critical factor in developing and progressing numerous brain diseases, including neurodegenerative diseases. Chronic or excessive neuroinflammation can lead to neurotoxicity, causing damage contributing the onset progression of various Therefore, understanding mechanisms strategies control them crucial for treating Studies have shown that plays vital role such as Alzheimer's (AD) Parkinson's (PD), stroke. Additionally, effects PM

Язык: Английский

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Oxidative damage in neurodegeneration: roles in the pathogenesis and progression of Alzheimer disease

Physiological Reviews, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 104(1), С. 103 - 197

Опубликована: Окт. 16, 2023

Alzheimer disease (AD) is associated with multiple etiologies and pathological mechanisms, among which oxidative stress (OS) appears as a major determinant. Intriguingly, OS arises in various pathways regulating brain functions, it seems to link different hypotheses mechanisms of AD neuropathology high fidelity. The particularly vulnerable damage, mainly because its unique lipid composition, resulting an amplified cascade redox reactions that target several cellular components/functions ultimately leading neurodegeneration. present review highlights the “OS hypothesis AD,” including amyloid beta-peptide-associated role protein oxidation unraveled by proteomics, antioxidant strategies have been investigated modulate progression AD. Collected studies from our groups others contributed unraveling close relationships between perturbation homeostasis elucidating redox-regulated events potentially involved both pathogenesis However, complexity requires in-depth understanding intracellular affecting relevant for functions. This crucial developing pharmacological targeting OS-mediated toxicity may contribute slow well improve quality life persons this severe dementing disorder.

Язык: Английский

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