Biology,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
14(4), С. 363 - 363
Опубликована: Март 31, 2025
The
excitation/inhibition
(E/I)
balance
is
a
critical
feature
of
neural
circuits,
which
crucial
for
maintaining
optimal
brain
function
by
ensuring
network
stability
and
preventing
hyperexcitability.
hippocampus
exhibits
the
particularly
interesting
characteristics
having
different
functions
E/I
profiles
between
its
dorsal
ventral
segments.
Furthermore,
vulnerable
to
epilepsy
implicated
in
Fragile
X
Syndrome
(FXS),
disorders
associated
with
heightened
possible
deficits
GABA-mediated
inhibition.
In
epilepsy,
shows
susceptibility
seizures,
while
FXS,
recent
evidence
suggests
differential
alterations
excitability
inhibition
regions.
This
article
explores
mechanisms
underlying
regulation,
focusing
on
emphasizing
that
may
confer
homeostatic
flexibility
balance.
Notably,
adult
FXS
models
enhanced
GABAergic
inhibition,
resistance
epileptiform
activity,
physiological
pattern
(sharp
wave-ripples,
SWRs),
potentially
representing
adaptation.
contrast,
these
more
aberrant
discharges
displays
altered
SWRs.
These
findings
highlight
complex,
region-specific
nature
disruptions
neurological
suggest
possess
unique
compensatory
mechanisms.
Specifically,
it
proposed
hippocampus,
region
most
prone
hyperexcitability,
have
adaptive
capabilities
at
cellular
levels
maintain
within
normal
range
prevent
transition
hyperexcitability
preserve
function.
Investigating
responses
their
developmental
trajectories
offer
novel
insights
into
strategies
mitigating
imbalances
other
neuropsychiatric
neurodevelopmental
disorders.
Nature Communications,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
16(1)
Опубликована: Март 10, 2025
Fear
can
be
induced
either
directly
through
self-experience
of
aversive
events
or
vicariously
by
observing
conspecifics
experiencing
such
events.
The
locus
coeruleus-norepinephrine
(LC-NA)
system
is
crucial
in
fear
responses
and
cognitive
processes.
We
investigated
whether
the
LC-NA
differentially
processes
these
two
types
fear,
direct
vicarious
male
mice.
results
highlighted
that
right
hemisphere
LC→anterior
cingulate
cortex
pathway
uniquely
for
while
inputs
to
LC—from
bed
nucleus
stria
terminalis
(BNST)
central
amygdala
(CeA)—differentially
contribute
processing.
BNST
plays
a
more
targeted
role
CeA
has
broader
influence
on
general.
This
underscores
complexity
specialization
within
fear-processing.
arises
vicariously,
with
involved
both.
Here,
authors
show
LC
→
ACC
key
provide
distinct
LC,
highlighting
its
complex
fear.
Biology,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
14(4), С. 363 - 363
Опубликована: Март 31, 2025
The
excitation/inhibition
(E/I)
balance
is
a
critical
feature
of
neural
circuits,
which
crucial
for
maintaining
optimal
brain
function
by
ensuring
network
stability
and
preventing
hyperexcitability.
hippocampus
exhibits
the
particularly
interesting
characteristics
having
different
functions
E/I
profiles
between
its
dorsal
ventral
segments.
Furthermore,
vulnerable
to
epilepsy
implicated
in
Fragile
X
Syndrome
(FXS),
disorders
associated
with
heightened
possible
deficits
GABA-mediated
inhibition.
In
epilepsy,
shows
susceptibility
seizures,
while
FXS,
recent
evidence
suggests
differential
alterations
excitability
inhibition
regions.
This
article
explores
mechanisms
underlying
regulation,
focusing
on
emphasizing
that
may
confer
homeostatic
flexibility
balance.
Notably,
adult
FXS
models
enhanced
GABAergic
inhibition,
resistance
epileptiform
activity,
physiological
pattern
(sharp
wave-ripples,
SWRs),
potentially
representing
adaptation.
contrast,
these
more
aberrant
discharges
displays
altered
SWRs.
These
findings
highlight
complex,
region-specific
nature
disruptions
neurological
suggest
possess
unique
compensatory
mechanisms.
Specifically,
it
proposed
hippocampus,
region
most
prone
hyperexcitability,
have
adaptive
capabilities
at
cellular
levels
maintain
within
normal
range
prevent
transition
hyperexcitability
preserve
function.
Investigating
responses
their
developmental
trajectories
offer
novel
insights
into
strategies
mitigating
imbalances
other
neuropsychiatric
neurodevelopmental
disorders.