Sex chromosomes and sex hormones differently shape microglial properties during normal physiological conditions in the adult mouse hippocampus
Bianca Caroline Bobotis,
Mohammadparsa Khakpour,
Olivia Braniff
и другие.
Journal of Neuroinflammation,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
22(1)
Опубликована: Янв. 24, 2025
The
brain
presents
various
structural
and
functional
sex
differences,
for
which
multiple
factors
are
attributed:
genetic,
epigenetic,
metabolic,
hormonal.
While
biological
is
determined
by
both
chromosomes
hormones,
little
known
about
how
these
two
interact
to
establish
this
dimorphism.
Sex
differences
in
the
also
affect
its
resident
immune
cells,
microglia,
actively
survey
parenchyma
with
hormones
throughout
life.
However,
microglial
density
distribution,
morphology
ultrastructural
patterns
physiological
conditions
during
adulthood
largely
unknown.
Here,
we
investigated
aforementioned
properties
of
microglia
using
Four
Core
Genotypes
(FCG)
model,
allows
an
independent
assessment
gonadal
chromosomal
effects
four
conditions:
FCG
XX
Tg
XY−
(both
ovaries);
XXSry
XYSry
testes).
We
compared
results
XY
wild-type
(WT)
mice.
In
adult
mice,
focused
our
investigation
on
ventral
hippocampus
across
different
layers:
CA1
stratum
radiatum
(Rad)
lacunosum-moleculare
(LMol),
as
well
dentate
gyrus
polymorphic
layer
(PoDG).
Double
immunostaining
Iba1
TMEM119
revealed
that
influenced
hormones.
show
Rad
LMol
denser
however,
were
densest
WT
PoDG,
ovarian
animals
had
increased
testes
animals.
Additionally,
was
modulated
a
complex
interaction
between
chromosomes,
affecting
their
cellular
soma
arborization
hippocampal
layers.
Moreover,
analysis
showed
make
overall
more
contacts
pre-
post-synaptic
elements
than
Lastly,
markers
stress,
including
mitochondrion
elongation,
dilation
endoplasmic
reticulum
Golgi
apparatus,
mostly
chromosomally
driven.
Overall,
characterized
aspects
normal
found
be
shaped
shading
light
onto
immunity
at
steady-state.
Язык: Английский
Established and emerging techniques for the study of microglia: visualization, depletion, and fate mapping
Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
18
Опубликована: Фев. 15, 2024
The
central
nervous
system
(CNS)
is
an
essential
hub
for
neuronal
communication.
As
a
major
component
of
the
CNS,
glial
cells
are
vital
in
maintenance
and
regulation
network
dynamics.
Research
on
microglia,
resident
innate
immune
has
advanced
considerably
recent
years,
our
understanding
their
diverse
functions
continues
to
grow.
Microglia
play
critical
roles
formation
synapses,
myelination,
responses
injury,
neurogenesis,
inflammation,
many
other
physiological
processes.
In
parallel
with
advances
microglial
biology,
cutting-edge
techniques
characterization
properties
have
emerged
increasing
depth
precision.
Labeling
tools
reporter
models
important
study
morphology,
ultrastructure,
dynamics,
but
also
isolation,
which
required
glean
key
phenotypic
information
through
single-cell
transcriptomics
emerging
approaches.
Strategies
selective
depletion
modulation
can
provide
novel
insights
into
microglia-targeted
treatment
strategies
neuropsychiatric
neurodegenerative
conditions,
cancer,
autoimmunity.
Finally,
fate
mapping
as
tool
answer
fundamental
questions
about
including
origin,
migration,
proliferation
throughout
lifetime
organism.
This
review
aims
comprehensive
discussion
these
established
techniques,
applications
microglia
development,
homeostasis,
CNS
pathologies.
Язык: Английский
Physical exercise regulates microglia in health and disease
Frontiers in Neuroscience,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
18
Опубликована: Июнь 7, 2024
There
is
a
well-established
link
between
physical
activity
and
brain
health.
As
such,
the
effectiveness
of
exercise
as
therapeutic
strategy
has
been
explored
in
variety
neurological
contexts.
To
determine
extent
to
which
could
be
most
beneficial
under
different
circumstances,
studies
are
needed
uncover
underlying
mechanisms
behind
benefits
activity.
Interest
grown
understanding
how
can
regulate
microglia,
resident
immune
cells
central
nervous
system.
Microglia
key
mediators
neuroinflammatory
processes
play
role
maintaining
homeostasis
healthy
pathological
settings.
Here,
we
explore
evidence
suggesting
that
potential
microglia
various
animal
models.
We
emphasize
areas
where
future
research
contribute
uncovering
engaging
exercise.
Язык: Английский
TMEM119-positive microglial cells in cerebrospinal fluid, a potential new marker for neuroinflammatory response after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage
Journal of Neural Transmission,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
unknown
Опубликована: Фев. 4, 2025
Abstract
Aneurysmal
subarachnoid
hemorrhage
(aSAH)
is
a
debilitating
condition
with
significant
morbidity
and
mortality
rates.
Despite
advancements
in
treatment,
understanding
the
underlying
pathophysiology,
particularly
inflammatory
response,
remains
crucial
for
improving
patient
outcomes.
In
this
study,
we
investigated
presence
of
transmembrane
protein
119
(TMEM119)
microglial
cells
cerebrospinal
fluid
(CSF)
as
potential
marker
neuroinflammation
following
aSAH.
CSF
samples
were
collected
from
aSAH
patients,
pathological
healthy
controls,
processed,
analyzed
using
immunocytochemistry.
TMEM119-positive
consistently
identified
exhibiting
amoeboid
morphology
intense
staining.
Importantly,
detected
early
first
day
post-bleeding,
persisting
throughout
acute
phase
some
cases.
Analysis
consecutive
revealed
varying
trends
cell
numbers,
peak
during
initial
followed
by
gradual
decline.
Our
findings
suggest
that
microglia
may
migrate
into
aSAH,
potentially
serving
an
predictor
inflammatory-related
CNS
damage.
This
study
underscores
importance
neuroinflammatory
processes
opens
avenues
further
research
on
role
disorders
liquid
biopsy.
Язык: Английский
Menopause triggers microglia-associated neuroinflammation in Parkinson’s disease
Brain Research,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
unknown, С. 149649 - 149649
Опубликована: Апрель 1, 2025
Язык: Английский
Androgen deprivation exacerbates AD pathology by promoting the loss of microglia in an age-dependent manner
Life Sciences,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
355, С. 122973 - 122973
Опубликована: Авг. 12, 2024
Язык: Английский
Revolutionizing Neuroimmunology: Unraveling Immune Dynamics and Therapeutic Innovations in CNS Disorders
International Journal of Molecular Sciences,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
25(24), С. 13614 - 13614
Опубликована: Дек. 19, 2024
Neuroimmunology
is
reshaping
the
understanding
of
central
nervous
system
(CNS),
revealing
it
as
an
active
immune
organ
rather
than
isolated
structure.
This
review
delves
into
unprecedented
discoveries
transforming
field,
including
emerging
roles
microglia,
astrocytes,
and
blood–brain
barrier
(BBB)
in
orchestrating
neuroimmune
dynamics.
Highlighting
their
dual
both
repair
disease
progression,
we
uncover
how
these
elements
contribute
to
intricate
pathophysiology
neurodegenerative
diseases,
cerebrovascular
conditions,
CNS
tumors.
Novel
insights
microglial
priming,
astrocytic
cytokine
networks,
meningeal
lymphatics
challenge
conventional
paradigms
privilege,
offering
fresh
perspectives
on
mechanisms.
work
introduces
groundbreaking
therapeutic
innovations,
from
precision
immunotherapies
controlled
modulation
BBB
using
nanotechnology
focused
ultrasound.
Moreover,
explore
fusion
with
neuromodulatory
technologies,
underscoring
new
frontiers
for
personalized
medicine
previously
intractable
diseases.
By
synthesizing
advancements,
propose
a
transformative
framework
that
integrates
cutting-edge
research
clinical
translation,
charting
bold
path
toward
redefining
management
era
neuroimmunology.
Язык: Английский