Photophysical Mechanisms of Photobiomodulation Therapy as Precision Medicine

Biomedicines, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 11(2), С. 237 - 237

Опубликована: Янв. 17, 2023

Despite a significant focus on the photochemical and photoelectrical mechanisms underlying photobiomodulation (PBM), its complex functions are yet to be fully elucidated. To date, there has been limited attention photophysical aspects of PBM. One effect relates non-visual phototransduction pathway, which involves mechanotransduction modulation cytoskeletal structures, biophotonic signaling, micro-oscillatory cellular interactions. Herein, we propose number PBM that do not depend cytochrome c oxidase. These include interactions with biophotons mechanotransductive processes. hypotheses contingent light ion channels cytoskeleton, production biophotons, properties biological molecules. Specifically, processes review supported by resonant recognition model (RRM). This previous research demonstrated protein micro-oscillations act as signature their function can activated wavelengths light. We extend this work exploring local oscillatory proteins because they may affect global body circuits could explain observed neuro-cortical electroencephalogram (EEG) oscillations. In particular, since dysrhythmic gamma oscillations associated neurodegenerative diseases pain syndromes, including migraine aura fibromyalgia, suggest transcranial should target where patients affected impaired neural aberrant brain wave patterns. also highlights examples disorders potentially treatable precise mimicking activity in other tissues, such liver, with, for example, Crigler-Najjar syndrome conditions involving dysregulation cytoskeleton. novel therapeutic modality thus behave “precision medicine” treatment various neurological morbidities. The perspectives presented herein offer new understanding effects PBM, is important when considering relevance therapy (PBMt) clinical applications, optimization health outcomes performance.

Язык: Английский

---

Brain Waste Removal System and Sleep: Photobiomodulation as an Innovative Strategy for Night Therapy of Brain Diseases

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 24(4), С. 3221 - 3221

Опубликована: Фев. 6, 2023

Emerging evidence suggests that an important function of the sleeping brain is removal wastes and toxins from central nervous system (CNS) due to activation waste (BWRS). The meningeal lymphatic vessels (MLVs) are part BWRS. A decrease in MLV associated with Alzheimer’s Parkinson’s diseases, intracranial hemorrhages, tumors trauma. Since BWRS activated during sleep, a new idea now being actively discussed scientific community: night stimulation might be innovative promising strategy for neurorehabilitation medicine. This review highlights trends photobiomodulation BWRS/MLVs deep sleep as breakthrough technology effective unnecessary compounds order increase neuroprotection CNS well prevent or delay various diseases.

Язык: Английский

---

Molecularly generated light and its biomedical applications

Angewandte Chemie International Edition, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 63(6)

Опубликована: Ноя. 13, 2023

Abstract Molecularly generated light, referred to here as “molecular light”, mainly includes bioluminescence, chemiluminescence, and Cerenkov luminescence. Molecular light possesses unique dual features of being both a molecule source light. Its molecular nature enables it be delivered molecules regions deep within the body, overcoming limitations natural sunlight physically sources like lasers LEDs. Simultaneously, its properties make valuable for applications such imaging, photodynamic therapy, photo‐oxidative photobiomodulation. In this review article, we provide an updated overview diverse discuss strengths weaknesses across various domains. Lastly, present forward‐looking perspectives on potential in realms photobiological mechanisms, therapeutic applications, While some these may considered bold contentious, our intent is inspire further innovations field applications.

Язык: Английский

---

Mechanisms of phototherapy of Alzheimer’s disease during sleep and wakefulness: the role of the meningeal lymphatics

Frontiers of Optoelectronics, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 16(1)

Опубликована: Сен. 18, 2023

With the increase in aging population, global number of people with Alzheimer's disease (AD) progressively increased worldwide. The situation is aggravated by fact that there no effective pharmacological therapy AD. Photobiomodulation (PBM) non-pharmacological approach has shown very promising results AD pilot clinical and animal studies. However, mechanisms therapeutic effects PBM for are poorly understood. In this study on mice, we demonstrate photodynamic 5-aminolevulenic acid laser 635 nm cause reduction network meningeal lymphatic vessels (MLVs) leading to suppression removal beta-amyloid (Aβ) from right lateral ventricle hippocampus. Using original protocol under electroencephalographic monitoring wakefulness sleep stages non-anesthetized discover 7-day course during deep vs. provides better restoration clearance Aβ ventricular system brain Our shed light mechanism show stimulating drainage promotes transport via pathway. lymphatics sleeping open a new niche restorative functions as well it an important informative platform development innovative smart technologies

Язык: Английский

---

Transcranial photobiomodulation for brain diseases: review of animal and human studies including mechanisms and emerging trends

Neurophotonics, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 11(01)

Опубликована: Фев. 5, 2024

The brain diseases account for 30% of all known diseases. Pharmacological treatment is hampered by the blood–brain barrier, limiting drug delivery to central nervous system (CNS). Transcranial photobiomodulation (tPBM) a promising technology treating diseases, due its effectiveness, non-invasiveness, and affordability. tPBM has been widely used in pre-clinical experiments clinical trials such as stroke Alzheimer's disease. This review provides comprehensive overview tPBM. We summarize emerging trends new discoveries based on over one hundred references published past 20 years. discuss advantages disadvantages highlight successful experimental protocols various A better understanding mechanisms, development guidelines practice, study dose-dependent personal effects hold great promise progress

Язык: Английский

---

Photobiomodulation for Major Depressive Disorder: Linking Transcranial Infrared Light, Biophotons and Oxidative Stress

Harvard Review of Psychiatry, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 31(3), С. 124 - 141

Опубликована: Май 1, 2023

Abstract Incompletely treated major depressive disorder (MDD) poses an enormous global health burden. Conventional treatment for MDD consists of pharmacotherapy and psychotherapy, though a significant number patients do not achieve remission with such treatments. Transcranial photobiomodulation (t-PBM) is promising novel therapy that uses extracranial light, especially in the near-infrared (NIR) red spectra, biological therapeutic effects. The aims this Review are to evaluate current clinical preclinical literature on t-PBM discuss candidate mechanisms effects MDD, specific attention biophotons oxidative stress. A search PubMed ClinicalTrials.gov identified studies using as primary focus. After systematic screening, only 19 containing original data were included review (9 10 trials). Study results demonstrate consensus safe potentially effective treatment; however, varying parameters among complicate definitive conclusions about efficacy. Among other action, stimulates complex IV mitochondrial respiratory chain induces increase cellular energy metabolism. We suggest future trials include measures better understand action optimize efficiency. Of particular interest going forward will be studying potential t-PBM—an external light source NIR spectra—on neural circuitry implicated depression.

Язык: Английский

---

Phototherapy of Alzheimer’s Disease: Photostimulation of Brain Lymphatics during Sleep: A Systematic Review

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 24(13), С. 10946 - 10946

Опубликована: Июнь 30, 2023

The global number of people with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) doubles every 5 years. It has been established that unless an effective treatment for AD is found, the incidence will triple by 2060. However, pharmacological therapies have failed to show effectiveness and safety. Therefore, search alternative methods treating urgent problem in medicine. lymphatic drainage removal system brain (LDRSB) plays important role resistance progression AD. development augmentation LDRSB functions may contribute progress therapy. Photobiomodulation (PBM) considered be a non-pharmacological safe approach Here, we highlight most recent relevant studies PBM We focus on emerging evidence indicates potential benefits during sleep modulation natural activation at nighttime, providing metabolites, including amyloid-β, from brain, leading reduced Our review creates new niche therapy diseases sheds light smart technologies neurodegenerative diseases.

Язык: Английский

---

Transcranial Photobiomodulation Treatment: Significant Improvements in Four Ex-Football Players with Possible Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy

Journal of Alzheimer s Disease Reports, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 7(1), С. 77 - 105

Опубликована: Дек. 27, 2022

Background: Chronic traumatic encephalopathy, diagnosed postmortem (hyperphosphorylated tau), is preceded by encephalopathy syndrome with worsening cognition and behavior/mood disturbances, over years. Transcranial photobiomodulation (tPBM) may promote improvements increasing ATP in compromised/stressed cells local blood, lymphatic vessel vasodilation. Objective: Aim 1: Examine cognition, changes Post-tPBM. 2: MRI - resting-state functional-connectivity MRI: salience, central executive, default mode networks (SN, CEN, DMN); magnetic resonance spectroscopy, cingulate cortex. Methods: Four ex-players syndrome/possible chronic playing 11– 16 years, received In-office, red/near-infrared tPBM to scalp, 3x/week for 6 weeks. Two had cavum septum pellucidum. Results: The three younger cases (ages 55, 57, 65) improved 2 SD ( p < 0.05) on six neuropsychological tests/subtests at 1 week or month Post-tPBM, compared Pre-Treatment, while the older case (age 74) 1.5 tests. There was significant improvement post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), depression, pain, sleep. One discontinued narcotic pain medications reduced tinnitus. possible placebo effect unknown. At months two regressed. Then, home applied only cortical nodes, DMN (12 weeks); again, were seen. Significant correlations increased SN functional connectivity (FC) time, executive function, attention, PTSD, sleep; CEN FC, verbal learning/memory, depression. Increased n-acetyl-aspartate (NAA) (oxygen consumption, mitochondria) present anterior cortex (ACC), parallel less PTSD. Conclusion: After tPBM, these ex-football players improved. of FC specific cognitive tests ratings, plus NAA ACC support beneficial effects from tPBM.

Язык: Английский

---

Outcomes of whole-body photobiomodulation on pain, quality of life, leisure physical activity, pain catastrophizing, kinesiophobia, and self-efficacy: a prospective randomized triple-blinded clinical trial with 6 months of follow-up

Frontiers in Neuroscience, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 18

Опубликована: Янв. 31, 2024

Background The management of fibromyalgia (FM) symptoms on a global scale remains complex endeavor. This study endeavors to assess the impact whole-body photobiomodulation (PBM) compared placebo PBM pain, functionality, and psychological in individuals afflicted with fibromyalgia. Objectives primary objectives this research were conduct comparative analysis effects patients suffering from (FM). Methods A total 42 subjects recruited private care practice for participation triple-blinded, placebo-controlled, randomized clinical trial. Participants underwent 12 treatment sessions, assessments conducted at various intervals, including baseline (T0), midway through 12-session (T1), completion sessions (T2), follow-ups 2 weeks (T3), 3 months (T4), 6 (T5). Results Statistical revealed significant reductions pain T2, T3, T5. Additionally, quality life exhibited marked improvements after T1, T4, Leisure activity also demonstrated statistically Furthermore, kinesiophobia showed differences between groups immediately Self-efficacy, when groups, T5 (two treatment). Lastly, catastrophizing only Conclusion findings indicate that 4 resulted reduction improved FM. self-efficacy both short-term long-term assessments, while improvement 6-month follow-up. Consequently, emerges as promising multifactorial option FM patients, though further studies are required validate strengthen these results. Clinical Trial Registration: Clinicaltrials.gov , NCT0424897.

Язык: Английский

---

Biophotons: A Hard Problem

Applied Sciences, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 14(13), С. 5496 - 5496

Опубликована: Июнь 25, 2024

About a hundred years ago, the Russian biologist A. Gurwitsch, based on experiments with onion plants by measuring their growth rate, hypothesized that emit weak electromagnetic field somehow influences cell growth. This interesting observation remained fundamentally ignored scientific community; only in 1950s emission from some was measured using photomultiplier used single counting mode. Later, 1980s, several groups around world started extensive work to understand origin and role of this ultraweak emission, now called biophotons, coming living organisms. Biophotons are an endogenous very small production photons visible energy range cells organisms, is characteristic Today, there no doubt biophotons exist, has been many for different humans bacteria. However, whether organisms use them exchange information not yet well understood; model proposed date capable reproducing interpreting great variety experimental data systems so far. In brief review, we present our germinating seeds, main results, new methods analyze open door interpretative models phenomenon clarifying its function regulation communication between We also discuss ideas how increase signal-to-noise ratio signal up possibilities allow measurement characterization currently unmeasurable quantities.

Язык: Английский

---