Abstract
Optogenetics
has
revolutionised
neuroscience
research,
but
at
the
same
time
brought
a
plethora
of
new
variables
to
consider
when
designing
an
experiment
with
AAV-based
targeted
gene
delivery.
Some
concerns
have
been
raised
regarding
impact
AAV
injection
volume
and
expression
in
relation
longitudinal
experimental
designs.
In
this
study,
we
investigated
efficiency
optically
evoked
post-synaptic
responses
connection
two
variables:
injected
virus
virus.
For
purpose,
expressed
blue-shifted
ChR2,
oChIEF,
employing
widely
used
vector
delivery
strategy.
We
found
that
minimal
on
optically-evoked
postsynaptic
population
responses.
The
time,
other
hand,
pronounced
effect,
gradual
reduction
beyond
4
weeks
expression.
strongly
advise
monitor
time-dependent
profiles
planning
or
conducting
long-term
experiments
depend
successful
stable
channelrhodopsin
Journal of Clinical Medicine,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
13(14), С. 4224 - 4224
Опубликована: Июль 19, 2024
With
a
common
aim
of
restoring
physiological
function
defective
cells,
optogenetics
and
targeted
gene
therapies
have
shown
great
clinical
potential
novelty
in
the
branch
personalized
medicine
inherited
retinal
diseases
(IRDs).
The
basis
aims
to
bypass
photoreceptors
by
introducing
opsins
with
light-sensing
capabilities.
In
contrast,
therapies,
such
as
methods
based
on
CRISPR-Cas9
RNA
interference
noncoding
RNAs
(i.e.,
microRNA,
small
interfering
RNA,
short
hairpin
RNA),
consists
inducing
normal
or
protein
expression
into
affected
cells.
Having
partially
leveraged
challenges
limiting
their
prompt
introduction
practice
engineering,
cell
tissue
delivery
capabilities),
it
is
crucial
deepen
fields
knowledge
applied
therapy.
this
in-depth
novel
literature
review
explain
fundamentals
applications
while
providing
decision-making
arguments
for
ophthalmologists.
First,
we
biomolecular
principles
engineering
steps
involved
mentioned
above
bringing
focus
specific
vectors
molecules
signalization.
importance
vector
choice
are
discussed.
Second,
summarize
ongoing
trials
most
recent
discoveries
IRDs.
Finally,
then
discuss
limits
current
each
We
provide
first
time
scientific-based
explanations
clinicians
justify
specificity
therapy
one
disease,
which
can
help
improve
tasks.
Microorganisms,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
13(4), С. 761 - 761
Опубликована: Март 27, 2025
Haloarchaea,
a
group
of
extremophilic
archaea,
thrive
in
hypersaline
environments
characterized
not
only
by
high
salinity
but
also
other
extreme
conditions,
such
as
intense
UV
radiation,
osmotic
pressure,
heavy
metal
contamination,
oxidative
stress,
and
fluctuating
temperatures.
This
study
investigates
the
environmental
adaptation
strategies
species
two
genera,
Haloarcula
Natrinema,
second
third
largest
haloarchaeal
respectively,
after
Halorubrum.
Comparative
genomic
analyses
were
conducted
on
48
from
both
genera
to
elucidate
their
diversity,
metabolic
potential,
stress-tolerance
mechanisms.
The
genomes
revealed
diverse
pathways,
including
rhodopsin-mediated
phototrophy,
nitrogen
assimilation,
thiamine
biosynthesis,
which
support
survival
conditions.
analysis
identified
mechanisms
for
stress
mitigation,
DNA
repair,
“salt-in”
“salt-out”
osmoregulatory
strategies,
adaptations
temperature
shifts
exposure,
immune
defense.
Experimental
validation
four
representative
species,
terrestris
S1AR25-5AT,
saliterrae
S1CR25-12T,
onubensis
S3CR25-11T,
Natrinema
salsiterrestre
S1CR25-10T,
isolated
heavy-metal-rich
soils
Odiel
Saltmarshes
(Huelva,
Spain),
demonstrated
tolerance,
especially
arsenic,
corroborating
predictions.
advances
our
understanding
resilience
haloarchaea
under
poly-extreme
conditions
underscores
ecological
significance
promise
biotechnological
applications,
bioremediation
heavy-metal-polluted
production
valuable
biomolecules.
Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
unknown
Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2025
THz-TDS
shows
that
retinal
binding
significantly
alters
the
low-frequency
THz
absorption
spectra
and
vibration
modes
of
rhodopsin
mimics,
with
a
single
mutation
further
modifying
these
effects.
Nature Communications,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
15(1)
Опубликована: Май 21, 2024
Abstract
Heliorhodopsins
(HeRs)
have
been
hypothesized
to
widespread
functions.
Recently,
the
functions
for
few
HeRs
revealed;
however,
hypothetical
remain
largely
unknown.
Herein,
we
investigate
light-modulation
of
heterodimeric
multidrug
resistance
ATP-binding
cassette
transporters
(OmrDE)
mediated
by
Omithinimicrobium
cerasi
HeR.
In
this
study,
classifiy
genes
flanking
HeR-encoding
and
identify
highly
conservative
residues
protein–protein
interactions.
Our
results
reveal
that
interaction
between
OcHeR
OmrDE
shows
positive
cooperatively
sequential
binding
through
thermodynamic
parameters.
Moreover,
light-induced
upregulates
drug
transportation.
Hence,
may
be
crucial
in
O.
as
it
survives
a
drug-containing
habitat.
Overall,
unveil
function
HeR
regulatory
rhodopsin
resistance.
findings
suggest
potential
applications
optogenetic
technology.
ACS Synthetic Biology,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
13(4), С. 1355 - 1364
Опубликована: Апрель 3, 2024
Adenosine
triphosphate
(ATP)-producing
modules
energized
by
light-driven
proton
pumps
are
powerful
tools
for
the
bottom-up
assembly
of
artificial
cell-like
systems.
However,
maximum
efficiency
such
is
prohibited
random
orientation
during
reconstitution
process
into
lipid-surrounded
nanocontainers.
Here,
we
overcome
this
limitation
using
a
versatile
approach
to
uniformly
orient
pump
proteorhodopsin
(pR)
in
liposomes.
pR
post-translationally
either
covalently
or
noncovalently
coupled
membrane-impermeable
protein
domain
guiding
insertion
preformed
In
second
scenario,
developed
novel
bifunctional
linker,
trisNTA-SpyTag,
that
allows
reversible
connection
any
SpyCatcher-containing
and
HisTag-carrying
protein.
The
desired
orientations
verified
monitoring
vectorial
pumping
membrane
potential
generation.
conjunction
with
ATP
synthase,
highly
efficient
production
inwardly
population.
comparison
other
ATP-producing
modules,
uniform
maximal
rates
at
economical
concentrations.
presented
technology
customizable
not
limited
but
applicable
many
proteins
offers
general
mismatch
reconstitution,
requiring
little
no
genetic
modification
interest.
Frontiers in Neuroanatomy,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
17
Опубликована: Май 22, 2023
The
implementation
of
optogenetics
in
studies
on
non-human
primates
has
generally
proven
quite
difficult,
but
recent
successes
have
paved
the
way
for
its
rapid
increase.
Limitations
genetic
tractability
primates,
been
somewhat
overcome
by
implementing
tailored
vectors
and
promoters
to
maximize
expression
specificity
primates.
More
recently,
implantable
devices,
including
microLED
arrays,
made
it
possible
deliver
light
deeper
into
brain
tissue,
allowing
targeting
structures.
However,
greatest
limitation
applying
primate
is
complex
connections
that
exist
within
many
neural
circuits.
In
past,
relatively
cruder
methods
such
as
cooling
or
pharmacological
blockade
used
examine
circuit
functions,
though
their
limitations
were
well
recognized.
some
ways,
similar
shortcomings
remain
optogenetics,
with
ability
target
a
single
component
circuits
being
challenge
systems
neuroscience
brains.
Despite
this,
approaches
combining
Cre-expressing
Cre-dependent
these
limitations.
Here
we
suggest
provides
advantage
neuroscientists
when
applied
specific
tool
complement
techniques
rather
than
necessarily
replacing
them.
