Exploring the Influence of Gut–Brain Axis Modulation on Cognitive Health: A Comprehensive Review of Prebiotics, Probiotics, and Symbiotics

Nutrients, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 16(6), С. 789 - 789

Опубликована: Март 10, 2024

Recent research exploring the relationship between gut and brain suggests that condition of microbiota can influence cognitive health. A well-balanced may help reduce inflammation, which is linked to neurodegenerative conditions. Prebiotics, probiotics, symbiotics are nutritional supplements functional food components associated with gastrointestinal well-being. The bidirectional communication gut–brain axis essential for maintaining homeostasis, pre-, pro-, potentially affecting various functions such as attention, perception, memory. Numerous studies have consistently shown incorporating into a healthy diet lead improvements in mood. Maintaining support optimal function, crucial disease prevention our fast-paced, Westernized society. Our results indicate benefits older individuals probiotic supplementation but not who good adequate levels physical activity. Additionally, it appears there patients mild impairment Alzheimer’s disease, while mixed seem arise younger healthier individuals. However, important acknowledge individual responses vary, use these dietary should be tailored each individual’s unique health circumstances needs.

Язык: Английский

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Long COVID or Post-COVID-19 Condition: Past, Present and Future Research Directions

Microorganisms, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 11(12), С. 2959 - 2959

Опубликована: Дек. 11, 2023

The presence of symptoms after an acute SARS-CoV-2 infection (long-COVID) has become a worldwide healthcare emergency but remains underestimated and undertreated due to lack recognition the condition knowledge underlying mechanisms. In fact, prevalence post-COVID ranges from 50% during first months up 20% two-years after. This perspective review aimed map existing literature on identify gaps in guide global effort toward improved understanding long-COVID suggest future research directions. There is plethora symptomatology that can be COVID-19; however, today, there no clear classification definition this condition, termed or post-COVID-19 condition. heterogeneity led groups/clusters patients, which could exhibit different risk factors Viral persistence, long-lasting inflammation, immune dysregulation, autoimmune reactions, reactivation latent infections, endothelial dysfunction alteration gut microbiota have been proposed as potential mechanisms explaining complexity long-COVID. such equation, viral biology (e.g., re-infections, variants), host genetics, epigenetics) external vaccination) should also considered. These various will discussed current directions suggested.

Язык: Английский

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Neurovascular coupling impairment as a mechanism for cognitive deficits in COVID-19

Brain Communications, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 6(2)

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2024

Abstract Components that comprise our brain parenchymal and cerebrovascular structures provide a homeostatic environment for proper neuronal function to ensure normal cognition. Cerebral insults (e.g. ischaemia, microbleeds infection) alter cellular physiologic processes within the neurovascular unit contribute cognitive dysfunction. COVID-19 has posed significant complications during acute convalescent stages in multiple organ systems, including brain. Cognitive impairment is prevalent complication patients, irrespective of severity SARS-CoV-2 infection. Moreover, overwhelming evidence from vitro, preclinical clinical studies reported SARS-CoV-2-induced pathologies components are associated with impairment. Neurovascular disruption alters coupling response, critical mechanism regulates cerebromicrovascular blood flow meet energetic demands locally active neurons. Normal processing achieved through response involves coordinated action cells (i.e. neurons glia) cell types endothelia, smooth muscle pericytes). However, current work on COVID-19-induced yet investigate as causal factor. Hence, this review, we aim describe SARS-CoV-2's effects how they can impact decline disease. Additionally, explore potential therapeutic interventions mitigate Given great both individuals public health, necessity effort fundamental scientific research application becomes imperative. This integrated endeavour crucial mitigating deficits induced by its subsequent burden especially vulnerable population.

Язык: Английский

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Exploring the Complexities of Long COVID

Viruses, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 16(7), С. 1060 - 1060

Опубликована: Июнь 30, 2024

Since the emergence of SARS-CoV-2 virus in 2019, nearly 700 million COVID-19 cases and 7 deaths have been reported globally. Despite most individuals recovering within four weeks, Center for Disease Control (CDC) estimates that 7.5% to 41% develop post-acute infection syndrome (PAIS), known as 'Long COVID'. This review provides current statistics on Long COVID's prevalence, explores hypotheses concerning epidemiological factors, such age, gender, comorbidities, initial severity, vaccine interactions, delves into potential mechanisms, including immune responses, viral persistence, gut dysbiosis. Moreover, we conclude women, advanced non-vaccination, low socioeconomic status all appear be risk factors. The reasons these differences are still not fully understood likely involve a complex relationship between social, genetic, hormonal, other Furthermore, with seem more endure economic hardship due persistent symptoms. In summary, our findings further illustrate multifaceted nature COVID underscore importance understanding factors mechanisms needed effective therapeutic strategies interventions.

Язык: Английский

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Alterations in microbiota of patients with COVID‐19: implications for therapeutic interventions

MedComm, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 5(4)

Опубликована: Март 15, 2024

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) recently caused a global pandemic, resulting in more than 702 million people being infected and over 6.9 deaths. Patients with disease (COVID-19) may suffer from diarrhea, sleep disorders, depression, even cognitive impairment, which is associated long COVID during recovery. However, there remains no consensus on effective treatment methods. Studies have found that patients COVID-19 alterations microbiota their metabolites, particularly the gut, be involved regulation of immune responses. Consumption probiotics alleviate discomfort by inflammation oxidative stress. pathophysiological process underlying alleviation COVID-19-related symptoms complications targeting unclear. In current study, we summarize latest research evidence together SARS-CoV-2 vaccine use, focus relationship between use. This work provides probiotic-based interventions improve regulating gut systemic immunity. Probiotics also used as adjuvants to efficacy.

Язык: Английский

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Long COVID in Children, Adults, and Vulnerable Populations: A Comprehensive Overview for an Integrated Approach

Diseases, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 12(5), С. 95 - 95

Опубликована: Май 6, 2024

Long COVID affects both children and adults, including subjects who experienced severe, mild, or even asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection. We have provided a comprehensive overview of the incidence, clinical characteristics, risk factors, outcomes persistent COVID-19 symptoms in encompassing vulnerable populations, such as pregnant women oncological patients. Our objective is to emphasize critical significance adopting an integrated approach for early detection appropriate management long COVID. The incidence severity can significant impact on quality life patients course disease case pre-existing pathologies. Particularly, fragile patients, presence PASC related significantly worse survival, independent from vulnerabilities treatment. It important try achieve recognition management. Various mechanisms are implicated, resulting wide range presentations. Understanding specific factors involved crucial tailoring effective interventions support strategies. Management approaches involve biopsychosocial assessments treatment comorbidities, autonomic dysfunction, well multidisciplinary rehabilitation. overall one gradual improvement, with recovery observed majority, though not all, As research long-COVID continues evolve, ongoing studies likely shed more light intricate relationship between chronic diseases, status, cardiovascular psychiatric disorders, effects This information could guide healthcare providers, researchers, policymakers developing targeted interventions.

Язык: Английский

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Animal Models for Long COVID: Current Advances, Limitations, and Future Directions

Journal of Medical Virology, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 97(2)

Опубликована: Фев. 1, 2025

ABSTRACT Long COVID (LC) represents a chronic, systemic, and often disabling condition that poses significant ongoing threat to public health. Foundational scientific studies are needed unravel the underlying mechanisms, with ultimate goal of developing effective preventative therapeutic strategies. Therefore, there is an urgent demand for animal models can accurately replicate clinical features LC. This review integrates epidemiological data summarize pathological changes in extrapulmonary systems involved Additionally, it critically examines capacity existing models, including nonhuman primates, genetically modified mice, Syrian hamsters, exhibit enduring postinfection symptoms align human manifestations, identifies key areas requiring further development. The objective offer insights will aid development next‐generation thereby accelerating our understanding how acute respiratory viral infections transition into chronic conditions, ensuring preparedness future pandemics.

Язык: Английский

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Pediatric SARS-CoV-2 infection and development of anxiety and depression

Frontiers in Pediatrics, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 13

Опубликована: Март 17, 2025

It remains unclear whether emerging mental health concerns in children infected with SARS-CoV-2 are a direct result of the infection or due to indirect effects pandemic. Therefore, we sought assess frequency new diagnoses anxiety and/or depression among diagnosed and without who were tested pediatric emergency departments. A prospective cohort study 6- 12-month follow-ups was conducted across 14 Canadian tertiary-care departments Pediatric Emergency Research Canada (PERC) network. The included aged <18 years for between August 2020 February 2022. primary outcome diagnosis reported during follow-up. surveys incorporated modified version International Severe Acute Respiratory Emerging Infection Consortium (ISARIC) Long-COVID Questionnaire. Among participants eligible follow-ups, 64.7% (268/414) SARS-CoV-2-positive 71.9% (743/1,033) SARS-CoV-2-negative completed follow-up at these time points, respectively. median age 7.0 [inter-quartile range (IQR): 5.0-11.0] years, 54.2% (548/1,011) male. New on either survey did not differ significantly test-positive (4.1%, 11/268) test-negative (2.8%; 21/743) [difference = 1.3% (95% CI: -1.3 4.2)]. There higher prevalence ≥12 relative those <12 [8.7% (13/149) vs. (8/594); difference 7.4%; 95% CI 3.0-12.5], but [4.4% (2/45) 4.0% (9/223); 0.4%; -5.6 9.4]. At 6 12 months, more likely experience confusion lack concentration, abdominal pain, insomnia. Although no association found depression, confusion/lack This finding, context an increased underscores impacts societal changes children. Our finding that some non-specific symptoms frequently by emphasizes need further investigation underlying pathophysiologic mechanisms.

Язык: Английский

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The gut microbiome in post-COVID syndrome patients

The Innovation Medicine, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown, С. 100123 - 100123

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2025

<p>Post-COVID syndrome (PCS) is a debilitating condition that affects significant number of COVID-19 survivors worldwide. PCS characterized by persistent symptoms such as fatigue, shortness breath, cognitive impairment, and gastrointestinal issues. The frequent occurrence has prompted researchers to investigate the role gut microbiota in development progression PCS. This review synthesizes findings from recent studies, providing comprehensive overview changes both patients patients. Evidence suggests can cause lasting alterations microbiota, marked reduced microbial diversity, an increase opportunistic pathogens, decrease beneficial bacteria support immune metabolic health. In addition, host-microbe interactions gut-lung, gut-brain, gut-heart axes are explored understand impact microbes on systemic Finally, potential diagnostic therapeutic strategies for discussed, including use probiotics, prebiotics, fecal transplantation (FMT) restore balance alleviate symptoms.</p>

Язык: Английский

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SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein and Long COVID—Part 1: Impact of Spike Protein in Pathophysiological Mechanisms of Long COVID Syndrome

Viruses, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 17(5), С. 617 - 617

Опубликована: Апрель 25, 2025

SARS-CoV-2 infection has resulted in more than 700 million cases and nearly 7 deaths worldwide. Although vaccination efforts have effectively reduced mortality transmission rates, a significant proportion of recovered patients—up to 40%—develop long COVID syndrome (LC) or post-acute sequelae COVID-19 (PASC). LC is characterized by the persistence emergence new symptoms following initial infection, affecting cardiovascular, neurological, respiratory, gastrointestinal, reproductive, immune systems. Despite broad range clinical that been described, risk factors pathogenic mechanisms behind remain unclear. This review, first two-part series, distinguished discussion role spike protein primary underlying pathophysiology LC.

Язык: Английский

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