Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
13(12), С. 5787 - 5798
Опубликована: Дек. 1, 2024
A
BSTRACT
Background:
Post-acute
coronavirus
disease
2019
(COVID-19)
syndrome
(PACS)
is
the
persistence
of
sequel
acute
SARS-COV-2
infection.
Persistent/acquired
gastrointestinal
symptoms
(GI-PACS)
include
loss
appetite,
nausea,
weight
loss,
abdominal
pain,
heartburn,
dysphagia,
altered
bowel
motility,
dyspepsia,
and
irritable
syndrome.
The
study
aimed
to
assess
short-
long-term
GI-PACS
on
GSRS
scale.
Methods:
cross-sectional,
retrospective
record
analysis
telephonic
questionnaire-based
survey
were
conducted
at
a
tertiary
referral
center
in
northern
India.
data
incorporated
patients
treated
from
April
2021
March
2023.
Exclusion
criteria
neurological
disorders,
dementia,
inability
understand
Hindi/English
languages,
psychiatric
problems.
All
who
met
inclusion
telephonically
called
November
2023
January
2024.
Results:
population
was
350
recovered
SARS-COVID-19
illness.
Forty-three
responses
removed
during
cleaning
removal
duplication.
307
participants
(ICU
admissions=92,
non-ICU
admissions=123,
outdoor
treatment
=92)
done.
proportion
not
having
any
GI
symptoms,
least
one
symptom,
more
than
symptom
before
illness
3%(3/307),
4.9%
(15/307),
3.6%
(11/307),
respectively.
four
major
analyzed
vomiting,
pain
abdomen,
diarrhea,
constipation.
Overall,
13%
(40/307)
did
have
diseases.
During
illness,
86.97%
(267/307)
develop
new
symptoms.
Post
overall
mean
score
for
15
items
2.14
±
0.829.
acquired
(mean
2.5190
SD
0.86650),
constipation
2.3844
0.83840),
reflux
2.2866
1.31889),
indigestion
1.8591
0.93076),
diarrhea
1.8122
0.90899).
fever
(95.1%,
P
=
0.007),
anosmia
(45.0%,
0.042),
cough
(80.1%,
0.032),
hospitalization
(30.0%,
0.003)
had
significant
association
with
phase
Home-isolated
appetite
(95.4%,
0.0001)
Hospitalized
(80.7%,
0.031),
breathlessness
(83.8%,
0.003),
smell
(97.0%,
0.001),
(82.7%,
0.048)
Abdominal
reflux,
considered
severe
(symptom
greater
total
score).
Diarrhea
mild
less
66.1%
(203/307)
within
3
months.
respondents
taking
medicines
1
year
following
19.2%.
12.0%
(37/307)
suffered
persistent
follow-up
20.1
0.82
Conclusion:
Long-term
COVID-19
frequently
manifested
as
whereas
most
subsided
time.
Nutrients,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
16(6), С. 789 - 789
Опубликована: Март 10, 2024
Recent
research
exploring
the
relationship
between
gut
and
brain
suggests
that
condition
of
microbiota
can
influence
cognitive
health.
A
well-balanced
may
help
reduce
inflammation,
which
is
linked
to
neurodegenerative
conditions.
Prebiotics,
probiotics,
symbiotics
are
nutritional
supplements
functional
food
components
associated
with
gastrointestinal
well-being.
The
bidirectional
communication
gut–brain
axis
essential
for
maintaining
homeostasis,
pre-,
pro-,
potentially
affecting
various
functions
such
as
attention,
perception,
memory.
Numerous
studies
have
consistently
shown
incorporating
into
a
healthy
diet
lead
improvements
in
mood.
Maintaining
support
optimal
function,
crucial
disease
prevention
our
fast-paced,
Westernized
society.
Our
results
indicate
benefits
older
individuals
probiotic
supplementation
but
not
who
good
adequate
levels
physical
activity.
Additionally,
it
appears
there
patients
mild
impairment
Alzheimer’s
disease,
while
mixed
seem
arise
younger
healthier
individuals.
However,
important
acknowledge
individual
responses
vary,
use
these
dietary
should
be
tailored
each
individual’s
unique
health
circumstances
needs.
Microorganisms,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
11(12), С. 2959 - 2959
Опубликована: Дек. 11, 2023
The
presence
of
symptoms
after
an
acute
SARS-CoV-2
infection
(long-COVID)
has
become
a
worldwide
healthcare
emergency
but
remains
underestimated
and
undertreated
due
to
lack
recognition
the
condition
knowledge
underlying
mechanisms.
In
fact,
prevalence
post-COVID
ranges
from
50%
during
first
months
up
20%
two-years
after.
This
perspective
review
aimed
map
existing
literature
on
identify
gaps
in
guide
global
effort
toward
improved
understanding
long-COVID
suggest
future
research
directions.
There
is
plethora
symptomatology
that
can
be
COVID-19;
however,
today,
there
no
clear
classification
definition
this
condition,
termed
or
post-COVID-19
condition.
heterogeneity
led
groups/clusters
patients,
which
could
exhibit
different
risk
factors
Viral
persistence,
long-lasting
inflammation,
immune
dysregulation,
autoimmune
reactions,
reactivation
latent
infections,
endothelial
dysfunction
alteration
gut
microbiota
have
been
proposed
as
potential
mechanisms
explaining
complexity
long-COVID.
such
equation,
viral
biology
(e.g.,
re-infections,
variants),
host
genetics,
epigenetics)
external
vaccination)
should
also
considered.
These
various
will
discussed
current
directions
suggested.
Viruses,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
16(7), С. 1060 - 1060
Опубликована: Июнь 30, 2024
Since
the
emergence
of
SARS-CoV-2
virus
in
2019,
nearly
700
million
COVID-19
cases
and
7
deaths
have
been
reported
globally.
Despite
most
individuals
recovering
within
four
weeks,
Center
for
Disease
Control
(CDC)
estimates
that
7.5%
to
41%
develop
post-acute
infection
syndrome
(PAIS),
known
as
'Long
COVID'.
This
review
provides
current
statistics
on
Long
COVID's
prevalence,
explores
hypotheses
concerning
epidemiological
factors,
such
age,
gender,
comorbidities,
initial
severity,
vaccine
interactions,
delves
into
potential
mechanisms,
including
immune
responses,
viral
persistence,
gut
dysbiosis.
Moreover,
we
conclude
women,
advanced
non-vaccination,
low
socioeconomic
status
all
appear
be
risk
factors.
The
reasons
these
differences
are
still
not
fully
understood
likely
involve
a
complex
relationship
between
social,
genetic,
hormonal,
other
Furthermore,
with
seem
more
endure
economic
hardship
due
persistent
symptoms.
In
summary,
our
findings
further
illustrate
multifaceted
nature
COVID
underscore
importance
understanding
factors
mechanisms
needed
effective
therapeutic
strategies
interventions.
Brain Communications,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
6(2)
Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2024
Abstract
Components
that
comprise
our
brain
parenchymal
and
cerebrovascular
structures
provide
a
homeostatic
environment
for
proper
neuronal
function
to
ensure
normal
cognition.
Cerebral
insults
(e.g.
ischaemia,
microbleeds
infection)
alter
cellular
physiologic
processes
within
the
neurovascular
unit
contribute
cognitive
dysfunction.
COVID-19
has
posed
significant
complications
during
acute
convalescent
stages
in
multiple
organ
systems,
including
brain.
Cognitive
impairment
is
prevalent
complication
patients,
irrespective
of
severity
SARS-CoV-2
infection.
Moreover,
overwhelming
evidence
from
vitro,
preclinical
clinical
studies
reported
SARS-CoV-2-induced
pathologies
components
are
associated
with
impairment.
Neurovascular
disruption
alters
coupling
response,
critical
mechanism
regulates
cerebromicrovascular
blood
flow
meet
energetic
demands
locally
active
neurons.
Normal
processing
achieved
through
response
involves
coordinated
action
cells
(i.e.
neurons
glia)
cell
types
endothelia,
smooth
muscle
pericytes).
However,
current
work
on
COVID-19-induced
yet
investigate
as
causal
factor.
Hence,
this
review,
we
aim
describe
SARS-CoV-2's
effects
how
they
can
impact
decline
disease.
Additionally,
explore
potential
therapeutic
interventions
mitigate
Given
great
both
individuals
public
health,
necessity
effort
fundamental
scientific
research
application
becomes
imperative.
This
integrated
endeavour
crucial
mitigating
deficits
induced
by
its
subsequent
burden
especially
vulnerable
population.
Severe
acute
respiratory
syndrome
coronavirus
2
(SARS-CoV-2)
recently
caused
a
global
pandemic,
resulting
in
more
than
702
million
people
being
infected
and
over
6.9
deaths.
Patients
with
disease
(COVID-19)
may
suffer
from
diarrhea,
sleep
disorders,
depression,
even
cognitive
impairment,
which
is
associated
long
COVID
during
recovery.
However,
there
remains
no
consensus
on
effective
treatment
methods.
Studies
have
found
that
patients
COVID-19
alterations
microbiota
their
metabolites,
particularly
the
gut,
be
involved
regulation
of
immune
responses.
Consumption
probiotics
alleviate
discomfort
by
inflammation
oxidative
stress.
pathophysiological
process
underlying
alleviation
COVID-19-related
symptoms
complications
targeting
unclear.
In
current
study,
we
summarize
latest
research
evidence
together
SARS-CoV-2
vaccine
use,
focus
relationship
between
use.
This
work
provides
probiotic-based
interventions
improve
regulating
gut
systemic
immunity.
Probiotics
also
used
as
adjuvants
to
efficacy.
Diseases,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
12(5), С. 95 - 95
Опубликована: Май 6, 2024
Long
COVID
affects
both
children
and
adults,
including
subjects
who
experienced
severe,
mild,
or
even
asymptomatic
SARS-CoV-2
infection.
We
have
provided
a
comprehensive
overview
of
the
incidence,
clinical
characteristics,
risk
factors,
outcomes
persistent
COVID-19
symptoms
in
encompassing
vulnerable
populations,
such
as
pregnant
women
oncological
patients.
Our
objective
is
to
emphasize
critical
significance
adopting
an
integrated
approach
for
early
detection
appropriate
management
long
COVID.
The
incidence
severity
can
significant
impact
on
quality
life
patients
course
disease
case
pre-existing
pathologies.
Particularly,
fragile
patients,
presence
PASC
related
significantly
worse
survival,
independent
from
vulnerabilities
treatment.
It
important
try
achieve
recognition
management.
Various
mechanisms
are
implicated,
resulting
wide
range
presentations.
Understanding
specific
factors
involved
crucial
tailoring
effective
interventions
support
strategies.
Management
approaches
involve
biopsychosocial
assessments
treatment
comorbidities,
autonomic
dysfunction,
well
multidisciplinary
rehabilitation.
overall
one
gradual
improvement,
with
recovery
observed
majority,
though
not
all,
As
research
long-COVID
continues
evolve,
ongoing
studies
likely
shed
more
light
intricate
relationship
between
chronic
diseases,
status,
cardiovascular
psychiatric
disorders,
effects
This
information
could
guide
healthcare
providers,
researchers,
policymakers
developing
targeted
interventions.
Reviews in Medical Virology,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
34(6)
Опубликована: Ноя. 1, 2024
Abstract
The
emergence
of
severe
acute
respiratory
syndrome
coronavirus
2
(SARS‐CoV‐2)
in
December
2019
triggered
a
swift
global
spread,
leading
to
devastating
pandemic.
Alarmingly,
approximately
one
four
individuals
diagnosed
with
disease
(COVID‐19)
experience
varying
degrees
cognitive
impairment,
raising
concerns
about
potential
increase
neurological
sequelae
cases.
Neuroinflammation
seems
be
the
key
pathophysiological
hallmark
linking
mild
COVID‐19
fatigue,
and
patients,
highlighting
interaction
between
nervous
immune
systems
following
SARS‐CoV‐2
infection.
Several
hypotheses
have
been
proposed
explain
how
virus
disrupts
physiological
pathways
trigger
inflammation
within
CNS,
potentially
neuronal
damage.
These
include
neuroinvasion,
systemic
inflammation,
disruption
lung
gut‐brain
axes,
reactivation
latent
viruses.
This
review
explores
origins
neuroinflammation
underlying
neuroimmune
cross‐talk,
important
unanswered
questions
field.
Addressing
these
fundamental
issues
could
enhance
our
understanding
virus's
impact
on
CNS
inform
strategies
mitigate
its
detrimental
effects.
Post-COVID
syndrome
(PCS)
patients
have
reported
a
wide
range
of
symptoms,
including
fatigue,
shortness
breath,
and
diarrhea.
Particularly,
the
presence
gastrointestinal
symptoms
has
led
to
hypothesis
that
gut
microbiome
is
involved
in
development
severity
PCS.
The
objective
this
review
provide
an
overview
role
PCS
by
describing
microbial
composition
metabolites
COVID-19
Moreover,
host-microbe
interactions
via
microbiota-gut-brain
(MGB)
microbiota-gut-lung
(MGL)
axes
are
described.
Furthermore,
we
explore
potential
therapeutically
targeting
support
recovery
reviewing
preclinical
model
systems
clinical
studies.
Overall,
current
studies
evidence
microbiota
affected
PCS;
however,
diversity
highly
individual
compositions
suggest
need
for
personalized
medicine.
Gut-targeted
therapies,
treatments
with
pre-
probiotics,
improve
quality
life
individuals.
Journal of Medical Virology,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
97(2)
Опубликована: Фев. 1, 2025
ABSTRACT
Long
COVID
(LC)
represents
a
chronic,
systemic,
and
often
disabling
condition
that
poses
significant
ongoing
threat
to
public
health.
Foundational
scientific
studies
are
needed
unravel
the
underlying
mechanisms,
with
ultimate
goal
of
developing
effective
preventative
therapeutic
strategies.
Therefore,
there
is
an
urgent
demand
for
animal
models
can
accurately
replicate
clinical
features
LC.
This
review
integrates
epidemiological
data
summarize
pathological
changes
in
extrapulmonary
systems
involved
Additionally,
it
critically
examines
capacity
existing
models,
including
nonhuman
primates,
genetically
modified
mice,
Syrian
hamsters,
exhibit
enduring
postinfection
symptoms
align
human
manifestations,
identifies
key
areas
requiring
further
development.
The
objective
offer
insights
will
aid
development
next‐generation
thereby
accelerating
our
understanding
how
acute
respiratory
viral
infections
transition
into
chronic
conditions,
ensuring
preparedness
future
pandemics.
Frontiers in Pediatrics,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
13
Опубликована: Март 17, 2025
It
remains
unclear
whether
emerging
mental
health
concerns
in
children
infected
with
SARS-CoV-2
are
a
direct
result
of
the
infection
or
due
to
indirect
effects
pandemic.
Therefore,
we
sought
assess
frequency
new
diagnoses
anxiety
and/or
depression
among
diagnosed
and
without
who
were
tested
pediatric
emergency
departments.
A
prospective
cohort
study
6-
12-month
follow-ups
was
conducted
across
14
Canadian
tertiary-care
departments
Pediatric
Emergency
Research
Canada
(PERC)
network.
The
included
aged
<18
years
for
between
August
2020
February
2022.
primary
outcome
diagnosis
reported
during
follow-up.
surveys
incorporated
modified
version
International
Severe
Acute
Respiratory
Emerging
Infection
Consortium
(ISARIC)
Long-COVID
Questionnaire.
Among
participants
eligible
follow-ups,
64.7%
(268/414)
SARS-CoV-2-positive
71.9%
(743/1,033)
SARS-CoV-2-negative
completed
follow-up
at
these
time
points,
respectively.
median
age
7.0
[inter-quartile
range
(IQR):
5.0-11.0]
years,
54.2%
(548/1,011)
male.
New
on
either
survey
did
not
differ
significantly
test-positive
(4.1%,
11/268)
test-negative
(2.8%;
21/743)
[difference
=
1.3%
(95%
CI:
-1.3
4.2)].
There
higher
prevalence
≥12
relative
those
<12
[8.7%
(13/149)
vs.
(8/594);
difference
7.4%;
95%
CI
3.0-12.5],
but
[4.4%
(2/45)
4.0%
(9/223);
0.4%;
-5.6
9.4].
At
6
12
months,
more
likely
experience
confusion
lack
concentration,
abdominal
pain,
insomnia.
Although
no
association
found
depression,
confusion/lack
This
finding,
context
an
increased
underscores
impacts
societal
changes
children.
Our
finding
that
some
non-specific
symptoms
frequently
by
emphasizes
need
further
investigation
underlying
pathophysiologic
mechanisms.