Oxidative Stress and Antioxidants—A Critical Review on In Vitro Antioxidant Assays

Antioxidants, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 11(12), С. 2388 - 2388

Опубликована: Дек. 1, 2022

Antioxidants have been widely studied in the fields of biology, medicine, food, and nutrition sciences. There has extensive work on developing assays for foods biological systems. The scientific communities well-accepted effectiveness endogenous antioxidants generated body. However, health efficacy possible action exogenous dietary are still questionable. This may be attributed to several factors, including a lack basic understanding interaction body, agreement different antioxidant assays, specificity which leads an inability relate specific outcomes. Hence, there is significant doubt regarding relationship between human health. In this review, we documented variations current methodologies, their mechanisms, highly varying values six common food substrates (fruits, vegetables, processed foods, grains, legumes, milk, dairy-related products). Finally, discuss strengths weaknesses examine challenges correlating activity

Язык: Английский

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An Epigenetic Role of Mitochondria in Cancer

Cells, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 11(16), С. 2518 - 2518

Опубликована: Авг. 13, 2022

Mitochondria are not only the main energy supplier but also cell metabolic center regulating multiple key metaborates that play pivotal roles in epigenetics regulation. These metabolites include acetyl-CoA, α-ketoglutarate (α-KG), S-adenosyl methionine (SAM), NAD+, and O-linked beta-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc), which substrates for DNA methylation histone post-translation modifications, essential gene transcriptional regulation fate determination. Tumorigenesis is attributed to many factors, including mutations tumor microenvironment. initiation, evolution, metastasis, recurrence. Targeting mitochondrial metabolism promising therapeutic strategies treatment. In this review, we summarize of mitochondria required modification discuss current strategy cancer therapies via targeting epigenetic modifiers related enzymes This review an important contribution understanding metabolic-epigenetic-tumorigenesis concept.

Язык: Английский

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Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of the Impact of Bariatric Surgery on Future Cancer Risk

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 24(7), С. 6192 - 6192

Опубликована: Март 24, 2023

The study aimed to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis of the evidence for prevention future cancers following bariatric surgery. A literature search Cochrane Library, Embase, Scopus, Web Science PubMed databases (2007–2023), Google Scholar grey was conducted. performed using inverse variance method random effects model. Thirty-two studies involving patients with obesity who received surgery control were managed conventional treatment included. suggested associated reduced overall incidence cancer (RR 0.62, 95% CI 0.46–0.84, p < 0.002), obesity-related 0.59, 0.39–0.90, = 0.01) cancer-associated mortality 0.51, 0.42–0.62, 0.00001). In specific cancers, reduction in hepatocellular carcinoma 0.35, 0.22–0.55, 0.00001), colorectal 0.63, 0.50–0.81, 0.0002), pancreatic 0.52, 0.29–0.93, 0.03) gallbladder 0.41, 0.18–0.96, 0.04), as well female including breast 0.56, 0.44–0.71, endometrial 0.38, 0.26–0.55, 0.00001) ovarian 0.45, 0.31–0.64, 0.0001). There no significant oesophageal, gastric, thyroid, kidney, prostate or multiple myeloma after compared morbid did not have Obesity-associated carcinogenesis is closely related metabolic syndrome; visceral adipose dysfunction; aromatase activity detrimental cytokine, adipokine exosomal miRNA release. Bariatric results long-term weight loss morbidly obese improves syndrome. may decrease mortality, seven cancers.

Язык: Английский

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A Comprehensive Review of Free Radicals, Oxidative Stress, and Antioxidants: Overview, Clinical Applications, Global Perspectives, Future Directions, and Mechanisms of Antioxidant Activity of Flavonoid Compounds

Journal of Chemistry, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 2024, С. 1 - 21

Опубликована: Май 31, 2024

Absorption​ of free radicals in the body cannot be done by antioxidant compounds originating from human body, so exogenous antioxidants are required to help their natural action. Oxidative stress can caused an imbalance radical inhibitors and accumulation that enter cellular structures. Synthetic found external not primary choice because they harmful carcinogenic. Therefore, using ingredients provides a necessary alternative constructing novel antioxidants. Recent studies have highlighted critical analysis evaluation flavonoids unique class secondary metabolites plants used communities as traditional therapeutics with proven bioactivity. This could support new discoveries based on various herbal medicines addition, functional effectiveness against radicals. In this review, there several strengths discussion. First, study takes comprehensive approach covering aspects, including properties sources radicals, oxidative relation different diseases, defense mechanisms, specific mechanisms flavonoids. Second, focus antioxidants, especially flavonoids, also discussion about clinical applications studies, limitations, global perspectives, future research directions become references selection medicines. But, constraints should considered when interpreting findings review. mechanism is only discussed general one example compound (flavonoid) has potential antioxidant. lack regarding relationship between diseases Third, limited number investigated some discussed.

Язык: Английский

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Classic and New Markers in Diagnostics and Classification of Breast Cancer

Cancers, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 14(21), С. 5444 - 5444

Опубликована: Ноя. 5, 2022

Breast cancer remains the most frequently diagnosed form of female's cancer, and in recent years it has become common cause death women worldwide. Like many other tumours, breast is a histologically biologically heterogeneous disease. In years, considerable progress been made diagnosis, subtyping, complex treatment with aim providing best suited tumour-specific personalized therapy. Traditional methods for diagnosis include mammography, MRI, biopsy histological analysis tumour tissue order to determine classical markers such as estrogen progesterone receptors (ER, PR), cytokeratins (CK5/6, CK14, C19), proliferation index (Ki67) human epidermal growth factor type 2 receptor (HER2). these have supplemented by modern molecular methodologies next-generation sequencing, microRNA, situ hybridization, RT-qPCR identify novel biomarkers. MicroRNAs (miR-10b, miR-125b, miR145, miR-21, miR-155, mir-30, let-7, miR-25-3p), altered DNA methylation mutations specific genes (p16, BRCA1, RASSF1A, APC, GSTP1), circular RNA (hsa_circ_0072309, hsa_circRNA_0001785), circulating cells, levels proteins (apolipoprotein C-I), lipids, gene polymorphisms or nanoparticle enhanced imaging, all are promising diagnostic prognostic tools disclose any features from multifaceted nature prepare individualized

Язык: Английский

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Detrimental Effects of Lipid Peroxidation in Type 2 Diabetes: Exploring the Neutralizing Influence of Antioxidants

Antioxidants, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 11(10), С. 2071 - 2071

Опубликована: Окт. 20, 2022

Lipid peroxidation, including its prominent byproducts such as malondialdehyde (MDA) and 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal (4-HNE), has long been linked with worsened metabolic health in patients type 2 diabetes (T2D). In fact, T2D already display increased levels of lipids circulation, low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol triglycerides, which are easily attacked by reactive oxygen molecules to give rise lipid peroxidation. This process severely depletes intracellular antioxidants cause excess generation oxidative stress. consequence mainly drives poor glycemic control complications that implicated the development cardiovascular disease. The current review explores pathological relevance elevated peroxidation products T2D, especially highlighting their potential role biomarkers therapeutic targets disease severity. addition, we briefly explain implication some antioxidant enzymes/factors involved blockade termination reactions involve effect antioxidants, catalase, coenzyme Q10, glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, well vitamins C E.

Язык: Английский

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Molecular Mechanisms of Western Diet-Induced Obesity and Obesity-Related Carcinogenesis—A Narrative Review

Metabolites, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 13(5), С. 675 - 675

Опубликована: Май 21, 2023

The present study aims to provide a narrative review of the molecular mechanisms Western diet-induced obesity and obesity-related carcinogenesis. A literature search Cochrane Library, Embase Pubmed databases, Google Scholar grey was conducted. Most that induce are also involved in twelve Hallmarks Cancer, with fundamental process being consumption highly processed, energy-dense diet deposition fat white adipose tissue liver. generation crown-like structures, macrophages surrounding senescent or necrotic adipocytes hepatocytes, leads perpetual state chronic inflammation, oxidative stress, hyperinsulinaemia, aromatase activity, activation oncogenic pathways loss normal homeostasis. Metabolic reprogramming, epithelial mesenchymal transition, HIF-1α signalling, angiogenesis host immune-surveillance particularly important. Obesity-associated carcinogenesis is closely related metabolic syndrome, hypoxia, visceral dysfunction, oestrogen synthesis detrimental cytokine, adipokine exosomal miRNA release. This important pathogenesis oestrogen-sensitive cancers, including breast, endometrial, ovarian thyroid cancer, but ‘non-hormonal’ obesity-associated cancers such as cardio-oesophageal, colorectal, renal, pancreatic, gallbladder hepatocellular adenocarcinoma. Effective weight interventions may improve future incidence overall cancer.

Язык: Английский

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Oxidation of Quercetin and Kaempferol Markedly Amplifies Their Antioxidant, Cytoprotective, and Anti-Inflammatory Properties

Antioxidants, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 12(1), С. 155 - 155

Опубликована: Янв. 9, 2023

The contention that flavonoids' oxidation would necessarily lead to a loss of their antioxidant properties was recently challenged by the demonstration quercetin leads formation 2-(3,4-dihydroxybenzoyl)-2,4,6-trihydroxy-3(2H)-benzofuranone (Que-BZF), metabolite whose potency notably higher than its precursor. Here, we compared and expanded former observation analogue kaempferol. Oxidation kaempferol led mixture metabolites included 2-(4-hydroxybenzoyl)-2,4,6-trihydroxy-3(2H)-benzofuranone (Kae-BZF). Following chromatographic isolation Kae-BZF from such mixture, antioxidant, mitochondria- cell-protecting, NF-kB-inhibiting effects were assessed, with those Que-BZF, in Caco-2 cells exposed indomethacin as source ROS. concentrations Que-BZF (100 nm) (1 needed attain maximal protection 50- 5000-fold lower respective precursors. differences also seen when abilities inhibit indomethacin-induced activation NF-kB compared. These data not only reveal oxidative conversion into 2-benzoyl-2-hydroxy-3(2H)-benzofuranones (BZF) results considerable amplification original properties, but case kaempferol, is 100-fold greater quercetin.

Язык: Английский

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Signaling controversy and future therapeutical perspectives of targeting sphingolipid network in cancer immune editing and resistance to tumor necrosis factor-α immunotherapy

Cell Communication and Signaling, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 22(1)

Опубликована: Май 2, 2024

Abstract Anticancer immune surveillance and immunotherapies trigger activation of cytotoxic cytokine signaling, including tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) pathways. The pro-inflammatory TNF-α may be secreted by stromal cells, tumor-associated macrophages, cancer indicating a prominent role in the microenvironment (TME). However, tumors manage to adapt, escape surveillance, ultimately develop resistance effects TNF-α. mechanisms which cells evade host immunity is central topic current research. Resistance mediated diverse molecular mechanisms, such as mutation or downregulation TNF/TRAIL receptors, well anti-apoptotic enzymes transcription factors. signaling also sphingosine kinases (SphK1 SphK2), are responsible for synthesis growth-stimulating phospholipid, sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P). Multiple studies have demonstrated crucial S1P its transmembrane receptors (S1PR) both regulation inflammatory responses progression cancer. Considering that SphK/S1P/S1PR axis mediates resistance, this sphingolipid pathway mechanistic significance when considering immunotherapy-resistant malignancies. exact mechanism sphingolipids contribute evasion abrogation TNF-α-induced apoptosis remains largely unclear. This study reviews TNF-α-resistance with emphasis on pro-survival immunomodulatory sphingolipids. Inhibition SphK/S1P-linked branch facilitate reactivation pro-apoptotic TNF superfamily effects, although SphK/S1P inhibitors TME lymphocyte trafficking should thoroughly assessed future studies.

Язык: Английский

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The Potential Effects of Dietary Antioxidants in Obesity: A Comprehensive Review of the Literature

Healthcare, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 12(4), С. 416 - 416

Опубликована: Фев. 6, 2024

Obesity has become a global health concern, with its prevalence steadily increasing in recent decades. It is associated numerous complications, including cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, and certain types of cancer. The aetiology obesity multifactorial, involving genetic, environmental, lifestyle factors. In years, oxidative stress emerged as potential contributor to related metabolic disorders. Dietary antioxidants, which can counteract stress, have gained significant attention for their role preventing managing obesity. This comprehensive review aims explore the impact dietary antioxidants on dysregulations, discussing underlying mechanisms highlighting therapeutic implications.

Язык: Английский

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