Toluidine Blue and Chlorin-e6 Mediated Photodynamic Therapy in the Treatment of Oral Potentially Malignant Disorders: A Systematic Review

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 26(6), С. 2528 - 2528

Опубликована: Март 12, 2025

Oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMDs) are conditions that carry an increased risk of transformation, including oral leukoplakia and lichen planus. Current management approaches differ based on each condition’s unique etiology pathophysiology, but all available treatment methods have notable limitations. This has prompted continued efforts to identify more effective therapeutic options. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) emerged as a minimally invasive yet potent alternative for treating OPMDs. systematic review examines the efficacy PDT mediated by toluidine blue chlorin-e6 (Photolon) in managing Following PRISMA guidelines, eight relevant studies published between 2010 2024 were included. Data study design, protocols, light parameters, photosensitizer characteristics collected evaluate outcomes. The reviewed evidence suggests toluidine-blue- chlorin-e6-mediated holds promise modality OPMDs, especially planus leukoplakia. Studies indicate its potential or adjunct therapy, particularly symptomatic refractory However, discrepancies designs coupled with limited number trials, impeded direct comparisons. Toluidine-blue- shows significant option Nonetheless, further investigations—including large-scale randomized controlled standardized exploration additional OPMDs beyond leukoplakia—are necessary order fully establish clinical utility facilitate widespread adoption.

Язык: Английский

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Photodynamic Therapy in the Treatment of Cancer—The Selection of Synthetic Photosensitizers

Pharmaceuticals, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 17(7), С. 932 - 932

Опубликована: Июль 11, 2024

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a promising cancer treatment method that uses photosensitizing (PS) compounds to selectively destroy tumor cells using laser light. This review discusses the main advantages of PDT, such as its low invasiveness, minimal systemic toxicity and risk complications. Special attention paid photosensitizers obtained by chemical synthesis. Three generations are presented, starting with first, based on porphyrins, through second generation, including modified chlorins, 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) derivative hexyl aminolevulinate (HAL), third which use nanotechnology increase selectivity therapy. In addition, current research trends highlighted, search for new can overcome limitations existing therapies, heavy-atom-free nonporphyrinoid photosensitizers, antibody–drug conjugates (ADCs) or near-infrared (NIR) absorption peak. Finally, prospects development PDTs taking into account advances in biomedical engineering. The references include both older newer works. many cases, when writing about given group first- second-generation publications used because properties described therein have not changed over years. Moreover, articles provide information serves an introduction drugs.

Язык: Английский

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The Role of Photodynamic Therapy Mediated by Natural Photosensitisers in the Management of Peri-Implantitis: A Systematic Review

Pharmaceutics, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 17(4), С. 443 - 443

Опубликована: Март 30, 2025

Background: Peri-implantitis, an inflammatory condition leading to progressive bone loss around dental implants, represents a significant challenge in modern implant dentistry. Conventional mechanical debridement and adjunctive antibiotics or antiseptics often fail fully eradicate complex biofilms may promote antibiotic resistance. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) mediated by natural photosensitizers (e.g., curcumin, riboflavin, 5-aminolevulinic acid) has emerged as potential strategy for peri-implantitis management due its targeted antimicrobial anti-inflammatory effects. Objectives: This systematic review aimed evaluate the efficacy, clinical outcomes, safety of PDT treatment identify optimal protocols regarding photosensitizer concentrations, light source parameters, application techniques. Methods: Following PRISMA 2020 guidelines, databases (PubMed/Medline, Embase, Scopus, Cochrane Library) were searched from 1 January 2015 3 2025 English-language publications. Studies assessing naturally based interventions vitro diseased surfaces included. Quality assessment used Revised Risk Bias tool (RoB 2) randomized controlled trials tailored nine-item framework studies. Eleven studies met inclusion criteria. Results: Despite heterogeneity methodologies, especially wavelengths, energy densities, formulations, most reported notable reductions bacterial viability, biofilm mass, indices (probing depth bleeding on probing). Curcumin riboflavin frequently demonstrated comparable efficacy standard disinfectants, while acid (5-ALA)-based also showed promising microbiological improvements. However, complete eradication was rarely achieved. Conclusions: Natural-photosensitizer-based appears be valuable adjunct peri-implantitis, enhancing microbial control outcomes. Standardization further well-designed with extended follow-up periods are warranted confirm long-term inform evidence-based guidelines.

Язык: Английский

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Recent Advances in Photodynamic Therapy: Metal-Based Nanoparticles as Tools to Improve Cancer Therapy

Pharmaceutics, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 16(7), С. 932 - 932

Опубликована: Июль 12, 2024

Cancer remains a significant global health challenge, with traditional therapies like surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation often accompanied by systemic toxicity damage to healthy tissues. Despite progress in treatment, these approaches have limitations such as non-specific targeting, toxicity, resistance development cancer cells. In recent years, nanotechnology has emerged revolutionary frontier therapy, offering potential solutions challenges. Nanoparticles, due their unique physical chemical properties, can carry therapeutic payloads, navigate biological barriers, selectively target Metal-based nanoparticles, particular, offer properties suitable for various applications. Recent advancements focused on the integration of metal-based nanoparticles enhance efficacy precision photodynamic therapy. Integrating into therapy represents paradigm shift, enabling strategies enhanced specificity reduced off-target effects. This review aims provide comprehensive understanding pivotal role We explore mechanisms, biocompatibility, applications highlighting challenges use, well combining nanoparticles/photodynamic other synergistic approach treatment.

Язык: Английский

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Current Research in Drug-Free Cancer Therapies

Bioengineering, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 12(4), С. 341 - 341

Опубликована: Март 26, 2025

Cancer treatment has historically depended on conventional methods like chemotherapy, radiation, and surgery; however, these strategies frequently present considerable limitations, including toxicity, resistance, negative impacts healthy tissues. In addressing challenges, drug-free cancer therapies have developed as viable alternatives, utilizing advanced physical biological to specifically target tumor cells while reducing damage normal This review examines several strategies, such high-intensity focused energy beams, nanosecond pulsed electric fields, photothermal therapy well the use of inorganic nanoparticles promote selective apoptosis. We also investigate significance targeting microenvironment, precision medicine, immunotherapy in progression personalized therapies. Although approaches demonstrate significant promise, challenges scalability, safety, regulatory obstacles must be resolved for clinical application. paper presents an overview current research therapies, emphasizing recent advancements, underlying scientific principles, steps required implementation.

Язык: Английский

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Photodynamic Therapy with Protoporphyrin IX Precursors Using Artificial Daylight Improves Skin Antisepsis for Orthopedic Surgeries

Microorganisms, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 13(1), С. 204 - 204

Опубликована: Янв. 18, 2025

Classical preoperative skin antisepsis is insufficient in completely eliminating bacterial colonization for arthroplasty. In contrast, photodynamic therapy (PDT) with red light and methyl-aminolevulinate (MAL), combined antisepsis, led to the absence of growth healthy participants, though local erythema, posing an obstacle orthopedic surgery. Therefore, we explored whether artificial daylight PDT (PDT-DL) was superior light. Twenty participants were allocated either 5-aminolevulinic acid-(5-ALA) PDT-DL (n = 10) or MAL-PDT-DL before povidone-iodine/alcohol. Skin swabs from groin taken cultivate bacteria at baseline, after PDT-DL, subsequent antisepsis. Additional on day 4 without PDT. The contralateral each participant ten additional volunteers served as control 30). selected 16S rRNA-based amplicon deep sequencing performed. All showed a baseline colonization. After occurred three (30%) one (10%) 5-ALA MAL, respectively, compared sixteen (55%) group. On 4, per group positive cultures post Adverse effects reported six (60%) zero (0%) 5-ALA- MAL-PDT-DL, respectively. bacteriome changes correlated culture results. significantly increased reduction adverse effects. This offers opportunity prevent infections arthroplasty patients reduce antibiotic use, thus contributing stewardship goals emphasized One Health approach.

Язык: Английский

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Revolutionizing Cancer Management: Cutting-Edge Techniques for Nanophotosensitizer Delivery in Photodynamic Therapy

Journal of Drug Delivery Science and Technology, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown, С. 106665 - 106665

Опубликована: Фев. 1, 2025

Язык: Английский

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Single-Photon DNA Photocleavage up to 905 nm by a Benzylated 4-Quinolinium Carbocyanine Dye

ACS Omega, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 10(7), С. 6544 - 6558

Опубликована: Фев. 11, 2025

This paper describes the DNA interactions of near-infrared (NIR) benzylated 4-quinolinium dicarbocyanine dyes containing a pentamethine bridge meso-substituted either with bromine (4) or hydrogen (5) atom. In pH 7.0 buffered aqueous solutions, absorb light that extends into range up to ∼950 nm. The unique direct strand breakage pUC19 is sensitized by irradiating an 850 nm LED laser constitutes first published example photocleavage upon single-photon chromophore excitation at wavelength greater than 830 Brominated dye 4, which more stable and achieves scission in higher yield its hydrogen-bearing counterpart 5, cleaves plasmid under 905 illumination. addition increasing amounts solutions converted aggregated form 4 monomer bathochromic absorption overlaps all three emission wavelengths. No induced circular dichroism fluorescence signals were detected when was present, pointing possible external binding DNA. Experiments employing radical-specific fluorescent probes chemical additives showed brominated likely breaks strands photosensitizing hydroxyl radical production. Micromolar concentrations relatively nontoxic cultured Escherichia coli cells dark but dramatically reduced survival As NIR wavelengths deeply penetrate biological tissues, we envisage future use carbocyanine as sensitizing agent phototherapeutic applications.

Язык: Английский

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Saliva-derived components can enhance the performance of toluidine blue in photodynamic therapy

Frontiers in Pharmacology, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 16

Опубликована: Фев. 13, 2025

Introduction Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma (OSCC) is the most common type of head and neck cancer worldwide. Currently, treatment for OSCC includes a combination surgery, radiation, chemotherapy. However, despite advances made in therapeutic strategies, prognosis patients diagnosed with remains poor, especially at later stages, which emphasizes need novel approach. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) has been employed as stand-alone or adjuvant OSCC. Methods This study investigated potential using salivary proteins such histatin-5 (Hst5) derived peptides (RR14, DR9/RR14) to perform histatin-mediated PDT. The current literature shown that histatins have capacity increase cellular membrane permeability, indicates synergistic effect when combined photosensitive agent. Toluidine Blue O (TBO) was used photosensitizer (PS) singularly RR14, DR9/RR14, Hst5 protein, experiments were conducted assess its biocompatibility photodynamic effects on human gingival fibroblasts (FGH) oral squamous cell carcinoma (SCC-25) lines. Results results showed TBO concentrations below 4 μg/mL non-cytotoxic FGH cells, whereas up 8 SCC-25 cells. Also, presence did not modify absorption spectrum photobleaching TBO, enabling consistent production reactive oxygen species (ROS) over time rendering it stable suitable PS Further also Hst5, ROS increased by 186% compared alone. Conclusion suggest use histatin-enhanced offer promising alternative conventional PDT, potentially improving outcomes.

Язык: Английский

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Illuminating the path: the role of photodynamic therapy in comprehensive periodontal treatment

Irish Journal of Medical Science (1971 -), Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Март 3, 2025

Язык: Английский

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