Endothelial dysfunction in COVID-19: an overview of evidence, biomarkers, mechanisms and potential therapies

Acta Pharmacologica Sinica, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 44(4), С. 695 - 709

Опубликована: Окт. 17, 2022

Язык: Английский

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Redox imbalance links COVID-19 and myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 118(34)

Опубликована: Авг. 16, 2021

Although most patients recover from acute COVID-19, some experience postacute sequelae of severe respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection (PASC). One subgroup PASC is a called "long COVID-19," reminiscent myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue (ME/CFS). ME/CFS debilitating condition, often triggered by viral and bacterial infections, leading to years-long symptoms including profound fatigue, postexertional malaise, unrefreshing sleep, cognitive deficits, orthostatic intolerance. Some are skeptical that either or long COVID-19 involves underlying biological abnormalities. However, in this review, we summarize the evidence people with have abnormalities redox imbalance, systemic inflammation neuroinflammation, an impaired ability generate adenosine triphosphate, general hypometabolic state. These phenomena not yet been well studied each them has reported other diseases as well, particularly neurological diseases. We also examine bidirectional relationship between inflammation, energy metabolic speculate what may be causing these Thus, understanding molecular underpinnings both lead development novel therapeutics.

Язык: Английский

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Loop Between NLRP3 Inflammasome and Reactive Oxygen Species

Antioxidants and Redox Signaling, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 36(10-12), С. 784 - 796

Опубликована: Сен. 20, 2021

Significance: Inflammasomes are cytosolic multiprotein complexes that mediate innate immune pathways. activate inflammatory caspases and regulate cytokines interleukin (IL)-1β IL-18 as well cell death (pyroptosis). Among known inflammasomes, NLRP3 (NLR family pyrin domain containing 3) inflammasome is unique studied owing to the fact it senses a broad range of stimuli implicated in pathogenesis both microbial sterile diseases. Recent Advances: Reactive oxygen species (ROS), especially derived from mitochondria, one critical mediators activation. Furthermore, inflammasome-driven inflammation recruits cells, including macrophages neutrophils, which turn cause ROS production, suggesting feedback loop between inflammasome. Critical Issues: The precise mechanism how affects activation still need be addressed. This review will summarize current knowledge on molecular mechanisms underlying with particular emphasis intricate balance Future Directions: Understanding this relationship rather than traditionally understood linear enable fine-tune under varied pathological settings. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 36, 784-796.

Язык: Английский

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Persistent circulation of soluble and extracellular vesicle‐linked Spike protein in individuals with postacute sequelae of COVID‐19

Journal of Medical Virology, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 95(2)

Опубликована: Фев. 1, 2023

ABSTRACT SARS‐CoV‐2, the causative agent of COVID‐19 disease, has resulted in death millions worldwide since beginning pandemic December 2019. While much progress been made to understand acute manifestations SARS‐CoV‐2 infection, less is known about post‐acute sequelae (PASC). We investigated levels both Spike protein (Spike) and viral RNA circulating patients hospitalized with without PASC. found that were more likely be present Among these patients, 30% positive for RNA; whereas, none individuals PASC both. The and/or PASC+ve increased or remained same as phase; PASC−ve group, components decreased totally absent. Additionally, this first report show part linked extracellular vesicles any presence vesicles. In conclusion, our findings suggest fragments persist recovered up 1 year longer after infection.

Язык: Английский

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COVID-19 Complications: Oxidative Stress, Inflammation, and Mitochondrial and Endothelial Dysfunction

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 24(19), С. 14876 - 14876

Опубликована: Окт. 4, 2023

SARS-CoV-2 infection, discovered and isolated in Wuhan City, Hubei Province, China, causes acute atypical respiratory symptoms has led to profound changes our lives. COVID-19 is characterized by a wide range of complications, which include pulmonary embolism, thromboembolism arterial clot formation, arrhythmias, cardiomyopathy, multiorgan failure, more. The disease caused worldwide pandemic, despite various measures such as social distancing, preventive strategies, therapeutic approaches, the creation vaccines, novel coronavirus infection (COVID-19) still hides many mysteries for scientific community. Oxidative stress been suggested play an essential role pathogenesis COVID-19, determining free radical levels patients with may provide insight into severity. generation abnormal oxidants under COVID-19-induced cytokine storm irreversible oxidation macromolecules subsequent damage cells, tissues, organs. Clinical studies have shown that oxidative initiates endothelial damage, increases risk complications post-COVID-19 or long-COVID-19 cases. This review describes radicals mediation mitochondrial dysfunction.

Язык: Английский

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Endothelial Dysfunction, Inflammation, and Oxidative Stress in COVID‐19—Mechanisms and Therapeutic Targets

Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 2021(1)

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2021

The outbreak of the COVID‐19 pandemic represents an ongoing healthcare emergency responsible for more than 3.4 million deaths worldwide. is disease caused by SARS‐CoV‐2, a virus that targets not only lungs but also cardiovascular system. can manifest with wide range clinical manifestations, from mild symptoms to severe forms disease, characterized respiratory failure due alveolar damage. Several studies investigated underlying mechanisms lung damage associated SARS‐CoV‐2 infection and revealed consequence acute distress syndrome macro‐ microvascular involvement. New observations show endothelial consequent endotheliopathy inflammation, cytokine storm, oxidative stress, coagulopathy. In this review, we central role dysfunction, stress in pathogenesis present therapeutic deriving endotheliopathy.

Язык: Английский

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Mitochondrial Dynamics in SARS-COV2 Spike Protein Treated Human Microglia: Implications for Neuro-COVID

Journal of Neuroimmune Pharmacology, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 16(4), С. 770 - 784

Опубликована: Окт. 2, 2021

Язык: Английский

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Role of ACE2 in pregnancy and potential implications for COVID-19 susceptibility

Clinical Science, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 135(15), С. 1805 - 1824

Опубликована: Авг. 1, 2021

Abstract In times of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), the impact severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)-coronavirus (CoV)-2 infection on pregnancy is still unclear. The presence angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) 2 (ACE2), main receptor for SARS-CoV-2, in human placentas indicates that this organ can be vulnerable viral during pregnancy. However, to happen, additional molecular processes are critical allow entry cells, its replication and manifestation, particularly placenta and/or feto–maternal circulation. Beyond risk vertical transmission, COVID-19 also proposed deplete ACE2 protein biological actions placenta. It postulated such effects may impair essential placentation maternal hemodynamic adaptations pregnancy, features observed several disorders This review gathers information indicating risks protective related changes pregnancies. First, we describe mechanisms SARS-CoV-2 having as a door current evidence Further, discuss central role physiological systems renin–angiotensin system (RAS) kallikrein–kinin (KKS), both active Significant knowledge gaps identified should urgently filled better understand fate pregnancies potential associated risks. Emerging will able improve early stratification high-risk with exposure well guide management follow-up these mothers their children.

Язык: Английский

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Mitochondrial dysfunction in vascular endothelial cells and its role in atherosclerosis

Frontiers in Physiology, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 13

Опубликована: Дек. 20, 2022

The mitochondria are essential organelles that generate large amounts of ATP via the electron transport chain (ECT). Mitochondrial dysfunction causes reactive oxygen species accumulation, energy stress, and cell death. Endothelial mitochondrial is an important factor causing abnormal function endothelium, which plays a central role during atherosclerosis development. Atherosclerosis-related risk factors, including high glucose levels, hypertension, ischemia, hypoxia, diabetes, promote in endothelial cells. This review summarizes physiological pathophysiological roles atherosclerosis.

Язык: Английский

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Emerging roles of inflammation-mediated endothelial–mesenchymal transition in health and disease

Inflammation and Regeneration, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 42(1)

Опубликована: Фев. 7, 2022

Abstract Endothelial–mesenchymal transition (EndoMT), a cellular differentiation process in which endothelial cells (ECs) lose their properties and differentiate into mesenchymal cells, has been observed not only during development but also various pathological states adults, including cancer progression organ/tissue fibrosis. Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), an inflammation-related cytokine, shown to play central roles the induction of EndoMT. TGF-β induces EndoMT by regulating expression transcription factors, signaling molecules, components that confer ECs with characteristics. However, itself is necessarily sufficient induce promote EndoMT-related diseases refractory extent. In addition TGF-β, additional activation other inflammatory factors often required stabilize Since recent lines evidence indicate molecules act as enhancers EndoMT, we summarize related diseases. We hope this review will help develop therapeutic strategies for targeting inflammation-mediated

Язык: Английский

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