WIREs Mechanisms of Disease,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
16(1)
Опубликована: Сен. 28, 2023
Abstract
Induced
pluripotent
stem
cells
(iPSCs),
obtained
by
reprogramming
different
somatic
cell
types,
represent
a
promising
tool
for
the
study
of
drug
toxicities,
especially
in
context
personalized
medicine.
Indeed,
these
retain
same
genetic
heritage
donor,
allowing
development
models.
In
addition,
they
useful
adverse
reactions
(ADRs)
special
populations,
such
as
pediatric
patients,
which
are
often
poorly
represented
clinical
trials
due
to
ethical
issues.
Particularly,
iPSCs
can
be
differentiated
into
any
tissue
human
body,
following
several
protocols
use
stimuli
induce
specific
differentiation
processes.
Differentiated
also
maintain
and
therefore
suitable
pharmacological
studies;
moreover,
iPSC‐derived
valuable
investigation
mechanisms
underlying
physiological
iPSCs‐derived
organoids
another
important
ADRs.
Precisely,
vitro
3D
models
better
native
organ,
both
from
structural
functional
point
view.
Moreover,
way
2D
models,
appropriate
since
donor.
comparison
other
present
advantages
terms
versatility,
patient‐specificity,
This
review
aims
provide
an
updated
report
employment
iPSCs,
derived
these,
article
is
categorized
under:
Cancer
>
Stem
Cells
Development
Frontiers in Neuroscience,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
19
Опубликована: Май 23, 2025
Neurological
diseases
are
a
leading
cause
of
disability,
morbidity,
and
mortality,
affecting
43%
the
world’s
population.
The
detailed
study
neurological
diseases,
testing
drugs,
repair
site-specific
defects
require
physiologically
relevant
models
that
recapitulate
key
events
dynamic
neurodevelopmental
processes
in
highly
organized
fashion.
As
an
evolving
technology,
self-organizing
self-assembling
brain
organoids
offer
advantage
modeling
different
stages
development
3D
microenvironment.
Herein,
we
review
utility,
advantages,
limitations
latest
breakthroughs
organoid
endeavors
context
three
most
prevalent
neurodegenerative
diseases—Alzheimer’s,
Parkinson’s,
Huntington’s
disease.
We
conclude
with
perspective
on
future
prospects
their
myriad
possible
applications
translational
medicine.
Cells,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
14(11), С. 842 - 842
Опубликована: Июнь 4, 2025
Brain
organoids
are
self-organized,
three-dimensional
(3D)
aggregates
derived
from
human
embryonic
stem
cells,
induced
pluripotent
or
primary
organs
with
cell
types
and
cellular
architectures
resembling
those
of
the
developing
brain.
Recent
studies
have
shown
use
region-specific
brain
for
modeling
various
diseases
ranging
neurodevelopmental
neurodegenerative
to
different
cancers,
which
numerous
applications
in
fundamental
research
development
new
drugs,
personalized
treatment,
regenerative
medicine.
Consequently,
drug
discovery
is
complex
challenging
still
an
emerging
area
this
field.
This
review
article
summarizes
cells
used
organoid
generation,
organoids,
functional
assays
their
characterization.
In
addition,
we
discuss
pediatric
as
well
application
assembloids,
tumoroids
cancer
neuroscience.
We
further
explore
recent
advances
using
high-throughput
screening
improve
discovery.
International Journal of Molecular Sciences,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
24(4), С. 3113 - 3113
Опубликована: Фев. 4, 2023
Human
organoids
are
small,
self-organized,
three-dimensional
(3D)
tissue
cultures
that
have
started
to
revolutionize
medical
science
in
terms
of
understanding
disease,
testing
pharmacologically
active
compounds,
and
offering
novel
ways
treat
disease.
Organoids
the
liver,
kidney,
intestine,
lung,
brain
been
developed
recent
years.
used
for
pathogenesis
investigating
therapeutic
options
neurodevelopmental,
neuropsychiatric,
neurodegenerative,
neurological
disorders.
Theoretically,
several
disorders
can
be
modeled
with
aid
human
organoids,
hence
potential
exists
migraine
its
treatment
organoids.
Migraine
is
considered
a
disorder
non-neurological
abnormalities
symptoms.
Both
genetic
environmental
factors
play
essential
roles
clinical
manifestations.
Several
types
migraines
classified,
example,
without
aura,
from
patients
these
study
(e.g.,
channelopathy
calcium
channels)
stressors
chemical
mechanical).
In
models,
drug
candidates
purposes
also
tested.
Here,
limitations
studying
communicated
generate
motivation
stimulate
curiosity
further
research.
This
must,
however,
alongside
complexity
concept
neuroethical
aspects
topic.
Interested
researchers
invited
join
network
protocol
development
hypothesis
presented
here.
Cells,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
12(4), С. 618 - 618
Опубликована: Фев. 14, 2023
Central
nervous
system
(CNS)
repair
after
injury
or
disease
remains
an
unresolved
problem
in
neurobiology
research
and
unmet
medical
need.
Directly
reprogramming
converting
astrocytes
to
neurons
(AtN)
adult
animals
has
been
investigated
as
a
potential
strategy
facilitate
brain
spinal
cord
recovery
advance
fundamental
biology.
Conceptually,
AtN
strategies
rely
on
forced
expression
repression
of
lineage-specific
transcription
factors
make
endogenous
become
“induced
neurons”
(iNs),
presumably
without
re-entering
any
pluripotent
multipotent
states.
The
AtN-derived
cells
have
reported
manifest
certain
neuronal
functions
vivo.
However,
this
approach
raised
many
new
questions
alternative
explanations
regarding
the
biological
features
end
products
(e.g.,
iNs
versus
neuron-like
cells,
neural
functional
changes,
etc.),
developmental
biology
underpinnings,
neurobiological
essentials.
For
paper
per
se,
we
proposed
draw
unconventional
distinction
between
direct
cell
conversion
reprogramming,
relative
somatic
nuclear
transfer,
based
experimental
methods
utilized
initiate
transformation
process,
aiming
promote
more
in-depth
mechanistic
exploration.
Moreover,
summarized
current
tactics
employed
for
induction,
comparisons
bench
endeavors
concerning
outcome
tangibility,
discussion
issues
published
protocols.
Lastly,
urgency
clearly
define/devise
theoretical
frameworks,
bases,
specifics
experimentally
validate
primary
data
studies
was
highlighted.
WIREs Mechanisms of Disease,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
16(1)
Опубликована: Сен. 28, 2023
Abstract
Induced
pluripotent
stem
cells
(iPSCs),
obtained
by
reprogramming
different
somatic
cell
types,
represent
a
promising
tool
for
the
study
of
drug
toxicities,
especially
in
context
personalized
medicine.
Indeed,
these
retain
same
genetic
heritage
donor,
allowing
development
models.
In
addition,
they
useful
adverse
reactions
(ADRs)
special
populations,
such
as
pediatric
patients,
which
are
often
poorly
represented
clinical
trials
due
to
ethical
issues.
Particularly,
iPSCs
can
be
differentiated
into
any
tissue
human
body,
following
several
protocols
use
stimuli
induce
specific
differentiation
processes.
Differentiated
also
maintain
and
therefore
suitable
pharmacological
studies;
moreover,
iPSC‐derived
valuable
investigation
mechanisms
underlying
physiological
iPSCs‐derived
organoids
another
important
ADRs.
Precisely,
vitro
3D
models
better
native
organ,
both
from
structural
functional
point
view.
Moreover,
way
2D
models,
appropriate
since
donor.
comparison
other
present
advantages
terms
versatility,
patient‐specificity,
This
review
aims
provide
an
updated
report
employment
iPSCs,
derived
these,
article
is
categorized
under:
Cancer
>
Stem
Cells
Development