Crosstalk between Gut Microbiota and Host Immunity: Impact on Inflammation and Immunotherapy

Biomedicines, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 11(2), С. 294 - 294

Опубликована: Янв. 20, 2023

Gut microbes and their metabolites are actively involved in the development regulation of host immunity, which can influence disease susceptibility. Herein, we review most recent research advancements gut microbiota–immune axis. We discuss detail how microbiota is a tipping point for neonatal immune as indicated by newly uncovered phenomenon, such maternal imprinting, utero intestinal metabolome, weaning reaction. describe shapes both innate adaptive immunity with emphasis on short-chain fatty acids secondary bile acids. also comprehensively delineate disruption axis results immune-mediated diseases, gastrointestinal infections, inflammatory bowel cardiometabolic disorders (e.g., cardiovascular diabetes, hypertension), autoimmunity rheumatoid arthritis), hypersensitivity asthma allergies), psychological anxiety), cancer colorectal hepatic). further encompass role fecal transplantation, probiotics, prebiotics, dietary polyphenols reshaping therapeutic potential. Continuing, examine modulates therapies, including checkpoint inhibitors, JAK anti-TNF therapies. lastly mention current challenges metagenomics, germ-free models, recapitulation to achieve fundamental understanding regulates immunity. Altogether, this proposes improving immunotherapy efficacy from perspective microbiome-targeted interventions.

Язык: Английский

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Dietary polyphenols: regulate the advanced glycation end products-RAGE axis and the microbiota-gut-brain axis to prevent neurodegenerative diseases

Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 63(29), С. 9816 - 9842

Опубликована: Май 19, 2022

Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) are formed in non-enzymatic reaction, oxidation, rearrangement and cross-linking between the active carbonyl groups of reducing sugars free amines amino acids. The Maillard reaction is related to sensory characteristics thermal processed food, while AGEs food matrix this process. a key link stress neurodegenerative disease. can interact with receptors for (RAGE), causing oxidative stress, inflammation response signal pathways activation diseases. Neurodegenerative diseases closely gut microbiota imbalance intestinal inflammation. Polyphenols multiple hydroxyl showed powerful ability scavenge ROS capture α-dicarbonyl species, which led formation mono- di- adducts, thereby inhibiting formation. be effectively prevented by production, interaction RAGEs, or regulating microbiota-gut-brain axis. These strategies include polyphenols multifunctional effects on inhibition, RAGE-ligand interactions blocking, abundance diversity microbiota, alleviation delay prevent progress. It wise promising strategy supplement dietary preventing via AGEs-RAGE axis regulation.

Язык: Английский

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The Influence of Gut Microbiota on Oxidative Stress and the Immune System

Biomedicines, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 11(5), С. 1388 - 1388

Опубликована: Май 8, 2023

The human gastrointestinal tract is home to a complex microbial community that plays an important role in the general well-being of entire organism. gut microbiota generates variety metabolites and thereby regulates many biological processes, such as regulation immune system. In gut, bacteria are direct contact with host. major challenge here prevent unwanted inflammatory reactions on one hand other ensure system can be activated when pathogens invade. Here REDOX equilibrium utmost importance. This controlled by either directly or indirectly via bacterial-derived metabolites. A balanced microbiome sorts for stable balance, whereas dysbiosis destabilizes this equilibrium. An imbalanced status affects disrupting intracellular signaling promoting responses. we (i) focus most common reactive oxygen species (ROS) (ii) define transition from state oxidative stress. Further, (iii) describe ROS regulating Thereafter, (iv) examine influence homeostasis how shifts pro- anti-oxidative cellular conditions suppress promote responses inflammation.

Язык: Английский

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The impact of microbiota-derived short-chain fatty acids on macrophage activities in disease: Mechanisms and therapeutic potentials

Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 165, С. 115276 - 115276

Опубликована: Авг. 4, 2023

Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) derived from the fermentation of carbohydrates by gut microbiota play a crucial role in regulating host physiology. Among them, acetate, propionate, and butyrate are key players various biological processes. Recent research has revealed their significant functions immune inflammatory responses. For instance, reduces development interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) generating cells while promoting regulatory T (Treg) cells. Propionate inhibits initiation Th2 response dendritic (DCs). Notably, SCFAs have an inhibitory impact on polarization M2 macrophages, emphasizing immunomodulatory properties potential for therapeutics. In animal models asthma, both propionate suppress pathway, thus reducing allergic airway inflammation. Moreover, dysbiosis leading to altered SCFA production been implicated prostate cancer progression. trigger autophagy promote accelerating tumor advancement. Manipulating microbiota- producing holds promise treatment. Additionally, enhance expression hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1) blocking histone deacetylase, resulting increased antibacterial effectors improved macrophage-mediated elimination microorganisms. This highlights antimicrobial defense mechanisms. comprehensive review provides in-depth analysis latest functional aspects underlying mechanisms relation macrophage activities wide range diseases, including infectious diseases cancers. By elucidating intricate interplay between functions, this aims contribute understanding therapeutic pave way future interventions targeting disease management.

Язык: Английский

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Akkermansia muciniphila protects the intestine from irradiation-induced injury by secretion of propionic acid

Gut Microbes, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 15(2)

Опубликована: Дек. 12, 2023

Intestinal dysbiosis frequently occurs in abdominal radiotherapy and contributes to irradiation (IR)-induced intestinal damage inflammation. Akkermansia muciniphila (A. muciniphila) is a recently characterized probiotic, which critical for maintaining the dynamics of mucus layer preserving microbiota homeostasis. However, role A. alleviation radiation enteritis remains unknown. In this study, we reported that abundance was markedly reduced intestines mice exposed IR feces patients who received radiotherapy. Abundance negatively correlated with duration diarrhea patients. Administration substantially mitigated IR-induced prevented mouse death. Analyzing metabolic products revealed propionic acid, short-chain fatty acid secreted by microbe, mediated radioprotective effect. We further demonstrated bound G-protein coupled receptor 43 (GRP43) on surface epithelia increased histone acetylation hence enhanced expression tight junction proteins occludin ZO-1 elevated level mucins, leading integrity epithelial barrier radiation-induced damage. Metformin, first-line agent treatment type II diabetes, promoted through increasing muciniphila. Together, our results plays reduction Application probiotics or their regulators, such as metformin, could be an effective protection exposure-damaged intestine.

Язык: Английский

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Hormetic Nutrition and Redox Regulation in Gut–Brain Axis Disorders

Antioxidants, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 13(4), С. 484 - 484

Опубликована: Апрель 18, 2024

The antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of hormetic nutrition for enhancing stress resilience overall human health have received much attention. Recently, the gut-brain axis has attracted prominent interest preventing therapeutically impacting neuropathologies gastrointestinal diseases. Polyphenols polyphenol-combined nanoparticles in synergy with probiotics shown to improve gut bioavailability blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability, thus inhibiting oxidative stress, metabolic dysfunction inflammation linked dysbiosis ultimately onset progression central nervous system (CNS) disorders. In accordance hormesis, polyphenols display biphasic dose-response by activating at a low dose Nrf2 pathway resulting upregulation

Язык: Английский

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Short Chain Fatty Acid Metabolism in Relation to Gut Microbiota and Genetic Variability

Nutrients, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 14(24), С. 5361 - 5361

Опубликована: Дек. 16, 2022

It is widely accepted that the gut microbiota plays a significant role in modulating inflammatory and immune responses of their host. In recent years, host-microbiota interface has gained relevance understanding development many non-communicable chronic conditions, including cardiovascular disease, cancer, autoimmunity neurodegeneration. Importantly, dietary fibre (DF) associated compounds digested by resulting metabolites, especially short-chain fatty acids (SCFA), were significantly with health beneficial effects, such as via proposed anti-inflammatory mechanisms. However, SCFA metabolic pathways are not fully understood. Major steps include production microbiota, uptake colonic epithelium, first-pass effects at liver, followed biodistribution metabolism host's cellular level. As patterns do affect all individuals equally, host genetic makeup may play fate these addition to other factors might influence age, birth through caesarean, medication intake, alcohol tobacco consumption, pathogen exposure physical activity. this article, we review DF, from intake intracellular fibre-derived products, identify possible sources inter-individual variability related variation. Such be indicative phenotypic flexibility response diet, predictive long-term adaptations factors, maladaptation tissue damage, which develop into disease specific predispositions, thus allowing for better prediction potential following personalized intervention DF.

Язык: Английский

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Tight junctions: from molecules to gastrointestinal diseases

Tissue Barriers, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 11(2)

Опубликована: Май 27, 2022

Intestinal epithelium functions as a tissue barrier to prevent interaction between the internal compartment and external milieu. function also determines epithelial polarity for absorption of nutrients secretion waste products. These vital require strong integrity tight junction proteins. In fact, intestinal junctions that seal paracellular space can restrict mucosal-to-serosal transport hostile luminal contents. Tight form both an absolute ion channel. Although defective potentially lead compromised development progression gastrointestinal (GI) diseases, no FDA-approved therapies recover are currently available in clinical practice. Here, we discuss impacts regulatory mechanisms disruption gut related diseases. We provide overview potential therapeutic targets restore GI tract.

Язык: Английский

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The gut-lung axis in severe acute Pancreatitis-associated lung injury: The protection by the gut microbiota through short-chain fatty acids

Pharmacological Research, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 182, С. 106321 - 106321

Опубликована: Июнь 22, 2022

The role of gut microbiota in regulating the intestinal homeostasis, as well pathogenesis severe acute pancreatitis-associated lung injury (PALI) is widely recognized. bioactive functions metabolites with small molecule weight and detail molecular mechanisms PALI mediated by "gut-lung axis" have gradually raised attentions researchers. Several studies proved that short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) produced microbiome play crucial roles varied activities process PALI. However, relevant reviews reporting SCFAs involvement lacking. In this review, we firstly introduced synthetic metabolic pathways SCFAs, transport signal transduction routes brief. Afterwards, focused on possible clues to participate fight against which referred inhibition pathogen proliferation, anti-inflammatory effects, enhancement barrier functions, maintenance regulation immune homeostasis via pathogen-associated patterns (PAMPs) damage-associated (DAMPs). addition, latest reported pathological physiological gut-lung axis involved were reviewed. Finally, summarized potential therapeutic interventions targeting including dietary fiber supplementation, direct supplementation SCFAs/prebiotics/probiotics, drugs administration, expected provide new sights for clinical use future.

Язык: Английский

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The Therapeutic Effect of SCFA-Mediated Regulation of the Intestinal Environment on Obesity

Frontiers in Nutrition, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 9

Опубликована: Май 17, 2022

Intestinal environment disorder is a potential pathological mechanism of obesity. There increasing evidence that disorders in the homeostasis intestinal can affect various metabolic organs, such as fat and liver, lead to diseases. However, there are few therapeutic approaches for obesity targeting environment. In this review, on one hand, we discuss how microbial metabolites SCFA regulate function improve possible mechanisms pathways related obesity-related processes (depending SCFA-related receptors GPCRs, MCT SMCT, through epigenetic processes). On other dietary management strategies enrich SCFA-producing bacteria target specific whether fecal transplantation therapy restore composition gut microbiota help prevent or Finally, believe it will be great significance establish working model gut– SCFA– disease development future improvement human health concern.

Язык: Английский

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