Peptides, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 157, С. 170866 - 170866
Опубликована: Сен. 5, 2022
Язык: Английский
Elsevier eBooks, Год журнала: 2024, Номер unknown, С. 199 - 230
Опубликована: Ноя. 29, 2024
Язык: Английский
Процитировано
0
Medical Research Archives, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 11(8)
Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2023
Heart failure with increasing life expectancy has become the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in modern day world, begetting great economic burden. Usually diagnosed by specific criteria, Framingham’s being most commonly employed, heart been classified on basis left ventricular ejection fraction measured transthoracic echocardiography as preserved (HFpEF, LVEF ≥ 50%), mid-range EF (HFmrEF, 41-49%) reduced (HFrEF, ≤ 40%), constituting “spectrum”. For diagnosis HFpEF, elevated biochemical markers presence cardiac structural abnormalities or diastolic dysfunction are also required whereas for other types only fraction, appropriate symptoms/signs needed. It is quite clear that plays a central role classification failure. Mostly, prognostic hospitalization have assessed clinical trials. Here prominent every modality it (with numerous parameters) including M-mode, 2D, color, spectral tissue Doppler along recent addition strain imaging provide important clues. These clues not work whole but individual classes. Many studies provided insights into comparative efficacy these across spectrum. The power echo parameters either individually combination. Various scoring systems formulated. An patient can transit through classes over time certain an indication this regard well. Structural both sides functional hemodynamic assessment measures showing superiority. No large-scale trial yet done which all spectrum studied. appraisal clinically subject descriptive review.
Язык: Английский
Процитировано
0
Peptides, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 157, С. 170866 - 170866
Опубликована: Сен. 5, 2022
Язык: Английский
Процитировано
0