Eosinophils and COVID‐19: Insights into immune complexity and vaccine safety

Clinical and Translational Allergy, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 15(3)

Опубликована: Март 1, 2025

Abstract Background COVID‐19 exhibits a variety of symptoms and may lead to multi‐organ failure death. This clinical complexity is exacerbated by significant immune dysregulation affecting nearly all cells the innate adaptive system. Granulocytes, including eosinophils, are affected SARS‐CoV‐2. Objectives Eosinophil responses remain poorly understood despite early recognition eosinopenia as hallmark feature severity. Results The heterogeneous nature eosinophil categorizes them dual‐function with contradictory effects. activation can suppress virus‐induced inflammation releasing type 2 cytokines like IL‐13 granular proteins antiviral action such eosinophil‐derived neurotoxins cationic protein, also acting antigen‐presenting cells. In contrast, accumulation in lungs induce tissue damage triggered or hormones IFN‐γ leptin. Additionally, they affect functions interacting T through direct formation membrane complexes soluble mediator action. Individuals allergic disorders who have elevated levels eosinophils tissues blood, asthma, do not appear be at an increased risk developing severe following SARS‐CoV‐2 infection. However, vaccine appears associated complications eosinophilic infiltrate‐induced immunopathogenicity, which mitigated corticosteroid, anti‐histamines anti‐IL‐5 therapy avoided modifying adjuvants excipients. Conclusion review highlights importance contributes better understanding their role during natural infection vaccination.

Язык: Английский

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The Aftermath of COVID-19: Exploring the Long-Term Effects on Organ Systems

Biomedicines, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 12(4), С. 913 - 913

Опубликована: Апрель 20, 2024

Background: Post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection (PASC) is a complicated disease that affects millions people all over the world. Previous studies have shown PASC impacts 10% infected patients which 50–70% are hospitalised. It has also been 10–12% those vaccinated against COVID-19 were affected by and its complications. The severity later development symptoms positively associated with early intensity infection. Results: generated health complications caused involve vast variety organ systems. Patients diagnosed neuropsychiatric neurological symptoms. cardiovascular system involved several diseases such as myocarditis, pericarditis, coronary artery reported. Chronic hematological problems thrombotic endothelialitis hypercoagulability described conditions could increase risk clotting disorders coagulopathy in patients. Chest pain, breathlessness, cough respiratory long-COVID causing distress syndrome. observed immune notable, involving diseases. renal was impacted, resulted raising issues, fibrosis, sepsis. Endocrine gland malfunction can lead to diabetes, thyroiditis, male infertility. Symptoms diarrhea, nausea, loss appetite, taste among reported observations due gastrointestinal disorders. Skin abnormalities might be an indication long-term implications persistent cutaneous complaints linked PASC. Conclusions: Long-COVID multidimensional syndrome considerable public implications, affecting physiological systems demanding thorough medical therapy, more study address underlying causes effects needed.

Язык: Английский

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Identification of an immunological signature of long COVID syndrome

Frontiers in Immunology, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 15

Опубликована: Янв. 8, 2025

Acute COVID-19 infection causes significant alterations in the innate and adaptive immune systems. While most individuals recover naturally, some develop long COVID (LC) syndrome, marked by persistent or new symptoms weeks to months after SARS-CoV-2 infection. Despite its prevalence, there are no clinical tests distinguish LC patients from those fully recovered. Understanding immunological basis of is essential for improving diagnostic treatment approaches. We performed deep immunophenotyping functional assays examine profiles patients, with active COVID-19, recovered healthy donors. This analysis assessed both features, identifying potential biomarkers syndrome. A Binomial Generalized Linear Model (BGLM) was used pinpoint features characterizing LC. exhibited depletion cell subsets, including plasmacytoid conventional dendritic cells, classical, non-classical, intermediate monocytes, monocyte-derived inflammatory cells. Elevated basal inflammation observed compared whose were closer donors individuals. However, displayed alterations, reduced T subsets (CD4, CD8, Tregs) switched memory B similar patients. Through BGLM, a unique signature identified, featuring CD8 gd cells low proliferative capacity diminished expression activation homing receptors. The findings highlight associated characterized dysregulation. recovery comparable Recovered individuals, deficits populations evident, differentiating full recovery. These provide insights into pathogenesis may support development tools targeted therapies.

Язык: Английский

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D-dimer in diagnosis and prevention of venous thrombosis: recent advances and their practical implications

Polskie Archiwum Medycyny Wewnętrznej, Год журнала: 2023, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Ноя. 8, 2023

REVIEW ARTICLE D -Dimers and venous thromboembolism 1 extent of fibrinolysis, clearance fibrin degradation products.D -Dimer level increases physiologically with age during pregnancy puerperium; it may be higher in African -Americans smokers.Increased -dimer is also observed several pathologic conditions, which stabilized formed subsequently degraded, such as arterial thrombosis, infectious diseases, neoplasms, trauma, surgery, liver disease, renal insufficiency, fibrinolytic therapy, disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), acute coronary syndromes, cerebrovascular events, subarachnoid hemorrhage, obstetric complications, or autoimmune disorders. 3D measurement was proposed a laboratory test for the diagnosis DIC 1970s; since then considerable advances have been made regarding its measurement, main clinical role that (VTE) diagnosis. 2Introduction During hemostasis, activation leads to production thrombin, cleaves fibrinogen into monomers finally form polymer.Thrombin activates factor XIII, stabilizes polymers cross -linked covalent bonds.Activation fibrinolysis plasmin, various fragments, including -dimers (FIguRE 1).Plasmin produces different products molecular weight (MW) ranging from 190 over 10 000 kDa, MW about 180 kDa. are mainly cleared by kidney reticulo -endothelial system, plasma half -life 6 8 hours. 1,2In physiological approximately 2%-3% converted fibrin, degraded system. 1,2As result, can detected low amounts healthy individuals under conditions.Plasma concentration depends on XIIIa -stabilized formation,

Язык: Английский

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The demographic, laboratory and genetic factors associated with long Covid-19 syndrome: a case–control study

Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 24(1)

Опубликована: Янв. 17, 2024

Abstract Long Covid-19 syndrome (LCS) manifests with a wide range of clinical symptoms, yet the factors associated LCS remain poorly understood. The current study aimed to investigate relationships that demographic characteristics, history, laboratory indicators, and frequency HLA-I alleles have likelihood developing LCS. We extracted characteristics histories from medical records 88 cases (LCS + group) 96 individuals without − group). Furthermore, we evaluated serum levels interleukin (IL)-6 tumor necrosis factor-α, parameters, frequencies alleles. Following this used multiple logistic regression association these variables had Subjects in group were more likely experienced severe symptoms higher body mass index (BMI), white blood cell, lymphocyte counts, C-reactive protein (CRP), IL-6 than those (for all: P < 0.05). Moreover, HLA-A*11, -B*14, -B*38, -B*50, -C*07 After adjusting for most important variables, suffering was significantly BMI, CRP, IL-6, alleles, as well positive history Our showed during acute phase disease, elevated CRP levels, all an increased

Язык: Английский

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Morphology and Function of Red Blood Cells in COVID-19 Patients: Current Overview 2023

Life, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 14(4), С. 460 - 460

Опубликована: Апрель 1, 2024

In severe cases, SARS-CoV-2 infection leads to respiratory failure. Although angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptors are not expressed in red blood cells, can interact with cells (RBCs) via several or auxiliary membrane proteins. Recent data show that viral causes significant damage the RBCs, altering their morphology, deformability, and aggregability. Loss of RBC deformability and/or increased aggregability favors development thrombotic processes microcirculation, as has been described occur COVID-19 patients. addition, many patients also develop systemic endotheliitis associated generalized coagulopathy. This manifests itself clinically obstructive microthrombi area medium smallest vessels, which affect all internal organs. It is thought such changes RBCs may contribute microangiopathy/microthrombosis result impaired capillary flow tissue oxygenation.

Язык: Английский

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Enhancement of NETosis by ACE2-cross-reactive anti-SARS-CoV-2 RBD antibodies in patients with COVID-19

Journal of Biomedical Science, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 31(1)

Опубликована: Апрель 18, 2024

Abstract Background High levels of neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) formation or NETosis and autoantibodies are related to poor prognosis disease severity COVID-19 patients. Human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) cross-reactive anti-severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus spike protein receptor-binding domain (SARS-CoV-2 RBD) antibodies (CR Abs) have been reported as one the sources anti-ACE2 autoantibodies. However, pathological implications CR Abs in NET remain unknown. Methods In this study, we first assessed presence sera patients with different by serological analysis. Sera purified IgG from positive well a mouse monoclonal Ab (mAb 127) that can recognize both ACE2 RBD were tested for their influence on possible mechanisms involved studied. Results An association between 120 was found. The Abs-positive severe mAb 127 significantly activated human leukocytes triggered NETosis, RBD. This coexistence RBD, thrombus-related cells but abolished when interaction Fc receptors disrupted. We also revealed Abs-induced suppressed recombinant Src family kinase inhibitor, dasatinib. Furthermore, found vaccination not only reduced prevented production after SARS-CoV-2 infection. Conclusions Our findings provide pathogenic effects exacerbating enhancing highlighting dasatinib potential treatments, supporting benefit reducing

Язык: Английский

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Leukocyte telomere length and telomerase activity in Long COVID patients from Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 120

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2025

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is caused by the new coronavirus 2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome - SARS-CoV-2). Long COVID a condition associated with persistent COVID-19 symptoms and/or emerging symptoms. Telomeres are specialised structures for genome protection at end of chromosomes and telomerase enzyme that synthesises telomere DNA. Patients were recruited Pedro Ernesto University Hospital (HUPE) in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, main purpose investigating association between length COVID. Leukocyte (LTL) was determined quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) 34 patients compared to control group (n = 122). Telomerase activity qPCR assays using commercial kit from ScienCell. A questionnaire on symptoms, vaccine doses blood count completed. The found have an increase LTL. also examined smaller number be reactivated blood. It will necessary conduct further studies monitor determine if future health issues could linked elongated telomeres.

Язык: Английский

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Acute and Chronic Post-COVID-19 Conditions: A Study of Genetic Integrity and Clinical Markers

Mutation Research/Genetic Toxicology and Environmental Mutagenesis, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 904, С. 503870 - 503870

Опубликована: Апрель 23, 2025

Язык: Английский

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Assessment of hemostatic changes in patients with chronic cerebral ischemia after recovery from COVID-19

INTERNATIONAL NEUROLOGICAL JOURNAL, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 21(2), С. 139 - 145

Опубликована: Апрель 24, 2025

Background. COVID-19 is associated with disorders in the blood coagulation system that may persist beyond acute phase of disease, particularly individuals pre-existing cerebrovascular conditions. This research purposed to evaluate changes key parameters procoagulant, anticoagulant, and fibrinolytic links hemostatic patients chronic cerebral ischemia (CCI) following recovery from COVID-19. Materials methods. The study involved 100 aged 43 74 years diagnosed CCI divided into two experimental groups: + group, which included 60 a history COVID-19, consisted 40 without SARS-CoV-2 infection past. Plasma levels markers, such as prothrombin, protein C, thrombomodulin, plasminogen, tissue plasminogen activator, activator inhibitor-1, von Willebrand factor, were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results. did not observe significant differences prothrombin or C between However, there was 20.9 % increase plasma thrombomodulin participants who had recovered compared those prior infection. An inhibitor-1 content by 19.4 found group while no its established. Notably, factor show statistically groups, could indicate gradual correction endothelial disturbances post-COVID-19 over time. Conclusions. data obtained complexity CCI, characterized persistent low-grade inflammation possible fibrinolysis inhibition. At same time, results suggest dysfunction be pronounced feature late period.

Язык: Английский

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