Muscle wasting in cancer cachexia: Mechanisms and the role of exercise

Experimental Physiology, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Март 30, 2025

Abstract Cancer cachexia (CC) is a multifactorial disease marked by severe and progressive loss of lean muscle mass characterized further inflammation negative energy/protein balance, ultimately leading to atrophy tissue. As result, patients experiencing have reduced function thus less independence lower quality life. CC progresses through stages increasing severity: pre‐cachexia, refractory cachexia. Two proposed underlying mechanisms that drive cancer‐induced wasting are the autophagy–lysosome ubiquitin–proteasome systems. An increase in autophagic flux proteolytic activity leads both cardiac skeletal muscle, mediated tumour or immune‐secreted inflammatory cytokines. These pathways occur at basal level maintain cellular homeostasis; therefore, it overactivation atrophy. Recent evidence demonstrates ability aerobic resistance training restore these their levels. The mechanism not yet understood, more research needed determine exactly how exercise influences each pathway. However, has great promise as therapeutic strategy for because preserving function, attenuating protein degradative pathways. extent which affects systems determined frequency, intensity duration protocol. such, an ideal prescription lacking individuals with CC.

Язык: Английский

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Cancer cachexia: exploring parallels with other paraneoplastic syndromes

Current Opinion in Supportive and Palliative Care, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Апрель 24, 2025

Purpose of review Cancer cachexia (CC) is a paraneoplastic syndrome (PNS) that characterised by anorexia, weight loss, fatigue and reduced function. This explores the molecular drivers CC other PNS, identifying shared pathways highlighting unexplored gaps in research. Recent findings studies have provided further evidence pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin-6 tumour necrosis factor-α, central players both emphasising their role systemic effects like muscle wasting, lipolysis pyrexia. Despite these overlaps between syndromes, cytokine profiles vary across different cancer types with one study interplay multiple cytokines likely plays more significant phenotypes than individual cytokines. Mediators, parathyroid hormone related peptide vascular endothelial growth factor, which are typically associated malignant hyperkalaemia hypertrophic osteoarthropathy respectively, also been linked to cachexia, suggesting role. Summary highlights overlap PNS. Exploring mechanisms can bridge research improve treatment strategies. Similar insights may be gained examining conditions eating disorders, bariatric surgery sepsis.

Язык: Английский

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Long-Term Moderate Increase in Medium-Chain Fatty Acids Intake Enhances Muscle Metabolism and Function in Mice

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 26(9), С. 4126 - 4126

Опубликована: Апрель 26, 2025

Medium-chain fatty acids (MCFAs) refer to a mixture of typically composed 6 12 carbon atoms. The unique transport and rapid metabolism MCFAs provide more clinical benefits than other substrates, such as long-chain acids. Although many studies have shown that may improve exercise capacity muscle strength, applications mainly been limited low doses. This study explores the effects high-dose MCFA intake on strength endurance. Mice were fed high-fat diets containing 30, 35, 40% (w/w) for weeks, measurements grip submaximal endurance conducted evaluate function. Results showed compared 30% group, absolute in 35 groups significantly increased; terms performance, 35% group significant increase group. These results achieved by promoting regeneration differentiation inhibiting expression ubiquitin-proteasome pathway. demonstrates moderately increasing can obesity-induced atrophy. However, excessive reduce impact improvement.

Язык: Английский

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Systematic Review of Sarcopenia Biomarkers in Hip Fracture Patients as a Potential Tool in Clinical Evaluation

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 25(24), С. 13433 - 13433

Опубликована: Дек. 15, 2024

Hip fractures are associated with high morbidity and mortality. Sarcopenia is a significant factor contributing to poor prognosis; however, the clinical diagnosis of sarcopenia remains difficult in surgical patients. This systematic review aims identify biomarkers as diagnostic predictive tools patients admitted for hip fracture surgery. A search was conducted MEDLINE, EMBASE, Google Scholar databases according PRISMA guidelines. Biomarker study quality assessed using BIOCROSS score. total 7 studies met inclusion criteria 515 were included, whom 402 (78%) female 113 (22%) male. The mean age participants 83.1 years (SD: 5.9). Skeletal muscle biopsies used biomarker assessment 14% (1/7) venous blood samples remaining 86% (6/7). highlighted included low expression insulin-like growth (IGF-I) tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), along serum myostatin vitamin D levels. Overall, score satisfactory, all obtaining at least 13/20. orthopedic literature limited; this could be adjuncts

Язык: Английский

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Toxicogenomics of the Freshwater Oligochaete, Tubifex tubifex (Annelida, Clitellata), in Acute Water-Only Exposure to Arsenic

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 25(6), С. 3382 - 3382

Опубликована: Март 16, 2024

A toxicogenomic approach was used for toxicity evaluation of arsenic in the aquatic environment, and differential gene expression investigated from 24 h 96 water-only acute tests with oligochaete, Tubifex tubifex (Annelida, Clitellata). Several toxicological endpoints (survival autotomy) oligochaete tissue residues were measured, dose-response modelling data studied. reference transcriptome T. tubifex, reconstructed first time, genes related to cell stress response (Hsc70, Hsp10, Hsp60, Hsp83), energy metabolism (COX1), oxidative (Cat, GSR, MnSOD), involved homeostasis organisms (CaM, RpS13, UBE2) identified characterised. The potential use risk assessment freshwater ecosystems as early biomarkers is discussed.

Язык: Английский

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Deciphering the Therapeutic Role of Lactate in Combating Disuse-Induced Muscle Atrophy: An NMR-Based Metabolomic Study in Mice

Molecules, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 29(10), С. 2216 - 2216

Опубликована: Май 9, 2024

Disuse muscle atrophy (DMA) is a significant healthcare challenge characterized by progressive loss of mass and function resulting from prolonged inactivity. The development effective strategies for recovery essential. In this study, we established DMA mouse model through hindlimb suspension to evaluate the therapeutic potential lactate in alleviating detrimental effects on gastrocnemius muscle. Using NMR-based metabolomic analysis, investigated metabolic changes DMA-injured muscles compared controls evaluated beneficial treatment. Our results show that significantly reduced improved downregulating Murf1 expression, decreasing protein ubiquitination hydrolysis, increasing myosin heavy chain levels. Crucially, corrected perturbations four key pathways gastrocnemius: biosynthesis phenylalanine, tyrosine, tryptophan; phenylalanine metabolism; histidine arginine proline metabolism. addition phenylalanine-related pathways, also plays role regulating branched-chain amino acid metabolism energy Notably, treatment normalized levels eight essential metabolites mice, underscoring its as agent against consequences inactivity wasting. This study not only advances our understanding benefits but provides foundation novel approaches aimed at restoration conditions

Язык: Английский

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Blockade of forkhead box protein O1 signaling alleviates primary sclerosing cholangitis-induced sarcopenia in mice model

Life Sciences, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 356, С. 123042 - 123042

Опубликована: Сен. 3, 2024

Язык: Английский

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Protective Effects of Cervus elaphus and Eucommia ulmoides Mixture (KGC01CE) on Muscle Loss and Function in Aged Rats

Current Issues in Molecular Biology, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 46(10), С. 11190 - 11206

Опубликована: Окт. 4, 2024

Sarcopenia is a condition characterized by progressive loss of muscle mass and function which are influenced certain factors such as aging, nutritional deficiencies, chronic diseases. Despite numerous efforts to prevent or treat sarcopenia, effective therapeutic options for this disease remain limited. This study aims evaluate the effects KGC01CE treatment, mixture Cervus elaphus (Ce) Eucommia ulmoides (Eu), well-known traditional herbal medicines in Asia, on age-related functional decline aged rats. has been found be more than individual extracts inhibiting dexamethasone (DEX)-induced atrophy improving grip strength C2C12 cells Moreover, animal studies were conducted determine minimum dose, 12-week oral administration treatment at doses 50, 100, 200 mg/kg 15-month-old rats resulted dose-dependent increase lean mass, strength, cross-sectional area (CSA), had decreased due aging. Furthermore, it was shown that activated phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt pathway inhibited expression muscle-degrading proteins MuRF, Atrogin-1, myostatin. These results suggest may effectively decline, providing novel strategy sarcopenia.

Язык: Английский

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Ferroptosis and Its Potential Role in the Physiopathology of Skeletal Muscle Atrophy

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 25(22), С. 12463 - 12463

Опубликована: Ноя. 20, 2024

Skeletal muscle atrophy is a major health concern, severely affecting the patient's mobility and life quality. In pathological process of skeletal atrophy, with progressive decline in quality, strength, function, incidence falling, fracture, death greatly increased. Unfortunately, there are no effective treatments for this devastating disease. Thus, it imperative to investigate exact molecular mechanisms underlying development identify new therapeutic targets. Decreased mass, fiber cross-sectional area typical features manifestations atrophy. Ferroptosis, an emerging type programmed cell death, characterized by iron-dependent oxidative damage, lipid peroxidation, reactive oxygen species accumulation. Notably, understanding its role emerging. Ferroptosis has been found play important intricate interplay between progression caused multiple factors. This provides opportunities challenges treatment Therefore, we systematically elucidated ferroptosis mechanism progress aiming provide comprehensive insight into relationship from perspectives iron metabolism peroxidation insights targeting pathways related

Язык: Английский

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Integration of transcriptome and machine learning to identify the potential key genes and regulatory networks affecting drip loss in pork

Journal of Animal Science, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 102

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2024

Abstract Low level of drip loss (DL) is an important quality characteristic meat with high economic value. However, the key genes and regulatory networks contributing to DL in pork remain largely unknown. To accurately identify affecting muscles postmortem, 12 Duroc × (Landrace Yorkshire) pigs extremely (n = 6, H group) low L at both 24 48 h postmortem were selected for transcriptome sequencing. The analysis differentially expressed weighted gene co-expression network (WGCNA) performed find overlapping using data, functional enrichment protein–protein interaction (PPI) conducted genes. Moreover, we used machine learning related based on interactive PPI network. Finally, nine potential (IRS1, ESR1, HSPA6, INSR, SPOP, MSTN, LGALS4, MYLK2, FRMD4B) mainly associated MAPK signaling pathway, insulin calcium pathway identified, a single-gene set (GSEA) was further annotate functions these GSEA results showed that are ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis oxidative reactions. Taken together, our indicate influencing mediated differences glycolysis changes muscle structure improve understanding expression regulation contribute future molecular breeding improving quality.

Язык: Английский

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