Skin Structure, Physiology, and Pathology in Topical and Transdermal Drug Delivery
Pharmaceutics,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
16(11), С. 1403 - 1403
Опубликована: Окт. 31, 2024
Several
industries
are
increasingly
focused
on
enhancing
the
delivery
of
active
ingredients
through
skin
to
optimize
therapeutic
outcomes.
By
facilitating
penetration
barrier,
these
enhancers
can
significantly
improve
efficacy
various
formulations,
ranging
from
skincare
products
agents
targeting
systemic
circulation.
As
understanding
physiology
and
mechanisms
drug
absorption
deepen,
adopting
permeation
more
widely,
ultimately
leading
better
patient
outcomes
expanded
treatment
options.
However,
structure
physiological
function
vary
according
different
factors,
such
as
area
body
between
individuals.
These
variations,
along
with
external
environmental
exposures,
aging
pathological
conditions,
introduce
complexities
that
must
be
carefully
considered
when
designing
effective
systems.
Considering
intricacies
physiology,
tailoring
systems
account
for
regional
differences,
individual
variability,
changes
induced
by
factors
or
disease
is
critical
optimizing
This
review
discusses
features
structure,
pathologies,
well
application
in
contexts.
Furthermore,
it
addresses
use
animal
models
transdermal
dermatological
studies,
latest
developments
this
field.
Язык: Английский
The Retinoic-Acid-Related Orphan Receptor Alpha May Be Highly Involved in the Regulation of Seasonal Hair Molting
International Journal of Molecular Sciences,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
26(4), С. 1579 - 1579
Опубликована: Фев. 13, 2025
Seasonal
molting
in
mammals
is
a
crucial
survival
strategy,
yet
the
underlying
molecular
mechanisms
have
not
been
fully
characterized.
Melatonin,
serving
as
bridge
for
transmission
of
photoperiod
signals,
plays
significant
regulatory
role
animals'
seasonal
molting,
and
physiological
effects
melatonin
signaling
are
highly
dependent
on
retinoic-acid-related
orphan
receptor
alpha
(Rorα).
Hair
follicle
stem
cells
(HFSCs)
most
essential
cell
type
process
hair
regeneration
replacement.
Therefore,
this
study
aims
to
discuss
its
nuclear
RORA
HFSCs.
This
research
found
that
can
downregulate
cellular
proliferation
levels
by
inhibiting
cycle
HFSCs,
while
simultaneously
promoting
apoptosis
HFSCs
affecting
expression
some
genes
involved
ferroptosis.
directly
bind
promoter
regions
cyclin
Ccna2
Ccne1
regulate
their
transcription.
Melatonin
may
enhance
viability
downregulating
levels.
In
study,
impact
along
with
mechanisms,
These
findings
provide
theoretical
foundation
regulation
animal
development.
Язык: Английский
Cholesterol promotes hair growth through activating sympathetic nerves and enhancing the proliferation of hair follicle stem cells
Molecular Medicine,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
31(1)
Опубликована: Март 5, 2025
The
regulatory
mechanisms
by
which
cholesterol
influences
hair
regeneration
remain
incompletely
understood.
This
study
investigates
the
effects
of
on
follicle
stem
cells
(HFSCs)
proliferation
and
regeneration,
with
a
focus
underlying
molecular
mechanisms.
Subcutaneous
injections
in
C57BL/6
mice
significantly
enhanced
promoting
HFSCs
proliferation.
Hematoxylin
eosin
(HE)
staining
revealed
greater
number
follicles
anagen
phase
cholesterol-treated
group
compared
to
controls.
Immunofluorescence
(IF)
BrdU
labeling
further
confirmed
that
stimulated
Mechanistically,
activated
PKA
signaling
pathway,
leading
phosphorylation
tyrosine
hydroxylase
(TH)
at
serine
40
residue,
subsequently
sympathetic
nervous
system
(SNS).
SNS
activation
increased
proportion
phase.
Furthermore,
nerve
ablation
attenuated
regeneration-promoting
cholesterol,
highlighting
critical
role
this
process.
These
findings
provide
key
insights
into
regulates
via
PKA-tyrosine
hydroxylase-SNS
pathway.
Moreover,
they
suggest
potential
therapeutic
applications
targeting
cholesterol-mediated
pathways
promote
regeneration.
Язык: Английский