Beyond Cholesterol: Emerging Risk Factors in Atherosclerosis DOI Open Access
Makhabbat Bekbossynova, Timur Saliev, T Ivanova-Razumova

и другие.

Journal of Clinical Medicine, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 14(7), С. 2352 - 2352

Опубликована: Март 29, 2025

Atherosclerosis remains a leading cause of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality worldwide, traditionally linked to elevated cholesterol levels, particularly low-density lipoprotein (LDL-C). However, despite aggressive lipid-lowering strategies, residual risk persists, underscoring the need explore additional contributing factors. This review examines emerging factors beyond cholesterol, including chronic inflammation, gut microbiota composition, oxidative stress, environmental exposures. Inflammation plays pivotal role in atherogenesis, with markers such as C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) serving indicators disease activity. The microbiome, metabolites like trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO), has been implicated vascular inflammation plaque development, while beneficial short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) demonstrate protective effects. Oxidative stress further exacerbates endothelial dysfunction instability, driven by reactive oxygen species (ROS) lipid peroxidation. Additionally, factors, air pollution, heavy metal exposure, endocrine disruptors, psychological have emerged significant contributors disease. Understanding these novel offers broader perspective on atherosclerosis pathogenesis provides new avenues for targeted prevention therapeutic interventions.

Язык: Английский

Deciphering Oxidative Stress in Cardiovascular Disease Progression: A Blueprint for Mechanistic Understanding and Therapeutic Innovation DOI Creative Commons
Z. Zhang, Jiawei Guo

Antioxidants, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 14(1), С. 38 - 38

Опубликована: Дек. 31, 2024

Oxidative stress plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis and progression of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). This review focuses on signaling pathways oxidative during development CVDs, delving into molecular regulatory networks underlying various disease stages, particularly apoptosis, inflammation, fibrosis, metabolic imbalance. By examining dual roles influences sex differences levels susceptibility, this study offers comprehensive understanding diseases. The integrates key findings from current research three ways. First, it outlines major CVDs associated with their respective pathways, emphasizing stress’s central pathology. Second, summarizes protective effects, mechanisms action, animal models antioxidants, offering insights future drug development. Third, discusses applications, advantages, limitations, potential targets gene therapy providing foundation for novel therapeutic strategies. These tables underscore systematic integrative nature while theoretical basis precision treatment CVDs. A contribution is differential effects across different stages addition to proposal innovative, multi-level intervention strategies, which open new avenues system.

Язык: Английский

Процитировано

4
Advances in the treatment of atherosclerotic plaque based on nanomaterials DOI

Pengyu Wang,

Weiwei Chen, Jingfeng Zhang

и другие.

Nanomedicine, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown, С. 1 - 13

Опубликована: Март 20, 2025

Atherosclerosis is the leading cause of cardiovascular disease worldwide, posing not only a significant threat to health but also impairing function multiple organs, with severe cases potentially being life-threatening. Consequently, effective treatment atherosclerosis paramount importance in reducing mortality associated diseases. With advancement nanomedicine and deeper understanding pathological mechanisms underlying atherosclerosis, nanomaterials have emerged as promising platforms for precise diagnosis targeted therapeutic strategies. These materials offer notable advantages, including drug delivery, enhanced bioavailability, improved stability, controlled release. This review provides an overview atherosclerotic plaque development examines nanomaterial-based approaches managing plaques, therapies targeting cholesterol metabolism, anti-inflammatory strategies, macrophage clearance, immunotherapy. Additionally, paper discusses current technical challenges clinical transformation these therapies. Finally, potential future integration nanomaterials, smart artificial intelligence explored.

Язык: Английский

Процитировано

0
Beyond Cholesterol: Emerging Risk Factors in Atherosclerosis DOI Open Access
Makhabbat Bekbossynova, Timur Saliev, T Ivanova-Razumova

и другие.

Journal of Clinical Medicine, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 14(7), С. 2352 - 2352

Опубликована: Март 29, 2025

Atherosclerosis remains a leading cause of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality worldwide, traditionally linked to elevated cholesterol levels, particularly low-density lipoprotein (LDL-C). However, despite aggressive lipid-lowering strategies, residual risk persists, underscoring the need explore additional contributing factors. This review examines emerging factors beyond cholesterol, including chronic inflammation, gut microbiota composition, oxidative stress, environmental exposures. Inflammation plays pivotal role in atherogenesis, with markers such as C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) serving indicators disease activity. The microbiome, metabolites like trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO), has been implicated vascular inflammation plaque development, while beneficial short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) demonstrate protective effects. Oxidative stress further exacerbates endothelial dysfunction instability, driven by reactive oxygen species (ROS) lipid peroxidation. Additionally, factors, air pollution, heavy metal exposure, endocrine disruptors, psychological have emerged significant contributors disease. Understanding these novel offers broader perspective on atherosclerosis pathogenesis provides new avenues for targeted prevention therapeutic interventions.

Язык: Английский

Процитировано

0