Advances in Legume Systematics 14. Classification of Caesalpinioideae. Part 2: Higher-level classification

PhytoKeys, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 240, С. 1 - 552

Опубликована: Апрель 3, 2024

Caesalpinioideae is the second largest subfamily of legumes (Leguminosae) with ca. 4680 species and 163 genera. It an ecologically economically important group formed mostly woody perennials that range from large canopy emergent trees to functionally herbaceous geoxyles, lianas shrubs, which has a global distribution, occurring on every continent except Antarctica. Following recent re-circumscription 15 genera as presented in Advances Legume Systematics 14, Part 1, using basis phylogenomic analysis 997 nuclear gene sequences for 420 all but five currently recognised subfamily, we present new higher-level classification subfamily. The comprises eleven tribes, are either new, reinstated or re-circumscribed at this rank: Caesalpinieae Rchb. (27 / 223 species), Campsiandreae LPWG (2 5–22), Cassieae Bronn (7 695), Ceratonieae (4 6), Dimorphandreae Benth. 35), Erythrophleeae /13), Gleditsieae Nakai (3 20), Mimoseae (100 3510), Pterogyneae (1 1), Schizolobieae (8 42–43), Sclerolobieae & Hook. f. (5 113). Although many these lineages have been named past, tribes informal generic groups, their circumscriptions varied widely changed over past decades, such described here differ membership those previously recognised. Importantly, approximately 3500 100 former Mimosoideae now placed reinstated, newly circumscribed, tribe Mimoseae. Because size ecological importance tribe, also provide clade-based system includes 17 lower-level clades. Fourteen remain unplaced clades: eight resolved two grades six phylogenetically isolated monogeneric lineages. In addition classification, key genera, morphological descriptions notes diversity growth forms, foliage, flowers fruits illustrated each genus distribution map, based quality-controlled herbarium specimen localities. A glossary specialised terms used legume morphology provided. This provides solid communication framework downstream analyses biogeography, trait evolution diversification, well taxonomic revision still understudied

Язык: Английский

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Anatomy of a mega‐radiation: Biogeography and niche evolution in Astragalus

American Journal of Botany, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 111(3)

Опубликована: Фев. 28, 2024

Abstract Premise Astragalus (Fabaceae), with more than 3000 species, represents a globally successful radiation of morphologically highly similar species predominant across the northern hemisphere. It has attracted attention from systematists and biogeographers, who have asked what factors might be behind extraordinary diversity this important arid‐adapted clade sets it apart close relatives far less richness. Methods Here, for first time using extensive phylogenetic sampling, we whether (1) is uniquely characterized by bursts or diversification instead uniform no different closely related taxa. Then tested attributable specifically to its predilection (2) cold arid habitats, (3) particular soils, (4) chromosome evolution. Finally, (5) originated in central Asia as proposed (6) niche evolutionary shifts were subsequently associated colonization other continents. Results Our results point importance heterogeneity , upshifts earliest divergences but not strongly tied any abiotic factor biogeographic regionalization here. The only potential correlate identified was number. Biogeographic strong association environment highlight gateway. Conclusions investigation shows studies logistically challenging “mega‐radiations.” findings reject simple key innovation high underline often nuanced, multifactorial processes leading species‐rich clades.

Язык: Английский

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Nuclear phylogenomics of angiosperms and insights into their relationships and evolution

Journal of Integrative Plant Biology, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 66(3), С. 546 - 578

Опубликована: Янв. 30, 2024

Angiosperms (flowering plants) are by far the most diverse land plant group with over 300,000 species. The sudden appearance of angiosperms in fossil record was referred to Darwin as "abominable mystery," hence contributing heightened interest angiosperm evolution. display wide ranges morphological, physiological, and ecological characters, some which have probably influenced their species richness. evolutionary analyses these characteristics help address questions diversification require well resolved phylogeny. Following great successes phylogenetic using plastid sequences, dozens thousands nuclear genes from next-generation sequencing been used phylogenomic analyses, providing phylogenies new insights into evolution angiosperms. In this review we focus on recent large clades, orders, families, subdivisions families provide a summarized Nuclear Phylogenetic Tree Angiosperm Families. newly established relationships highlighted compared previous results. sequenced genomes Amborella, Nymphaea, Chloranthus, Ceratophyllum, monocots, Magnoliids, basal eudicots, facilitated phylogenomics among five major clades. All but one 64 orders were included except placements several orders. Most robust highly supported placements, especially for within important families. Additionally, examine divergence time estimation biogeographic basis frameworks discuss differences analyses. Furthermore, implications ancestral reconstruction characters groups, limitations current studies, taxa that future attention.

Язык: Английский

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Well‐resolved phylogeny supports repeated evolution of keel flowers as a synergistic contributor to papilionoid legume diversification

New Phytologist, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Март 18, 2025

Summary The butterfly‐shaped keel flower is a highly successful floral form in angiosperms. These flowers steer the mechanical interaction with bees and thus are hypothesized to accelerate pollinator‐driven diversification. exceptionally labile evolution of Papilionoideae (Fabaceae) provides suitable system test this hypothesis. Using 1456 low‐copy nuclear loci, we confidently resolve early divergence history Papilionoideae. Constrained by backbone phylogeny, generated time tree for 3326 Fabales evaluate tempo mode diversification within state‐dependent evolutionary framework. first emerged c. 59.0 million years ago Papilionoideae, predating earliest fossil 3–4 years. Miocene coincided rapid flowers. At least six independent origins 32 losses were identified Cercidoideae, Polygalaceae. However, model was not favored. Lack radiation associated suggests that solely driven pollinator‐mediated selection, but instead an outcome synergistic effects multiple innovations, including nitrogen fixation chemical defense, as well dispersal into subtropical temperate regions.

Язык: Английский

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A dated phylogeny of the Neotropical Dipterygeae clade reveals 30 million years of winged papilionate floral conservatism in the otherwise florally labile early-branching papilionoid legumes

Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 202(4), С. 449 - 475

Опубликована: Янв. 11, 2023

Abstract The early-branching clades of Fabaceae subfamily Papilionoideae are characterized by their remarkable lability in floral architecture. In contrast, more derived papilionoid lineages marked evolutionary conservatism towards strongly bilateral, papilionate flowers. Here, we show an unexpected example a unique architecture during the early diversification history papilionoids. We built most comprehensively sampled molecular phylogenetic tree with focus on early-diverging Dipterygeae clade to evaluate winged and associated traits related flower specialization (e.g. zygomorphy, petal differentiation, stable stamen number sheath). comprise c. 22 species mostly giant trees from across tropical forests Central America Amazon, but they also ecologically dominant savannas Brazilian Plateau. Phylogenetic analyses nuclear ribosomal ITS/5.8S plastid matK trnL intron sequences supported inter-relationships monophyly each genus (Dipteryx, Monopteryx, Pterodon Taralea). Bayesian relaxed-clock dating model ancestral character estimation revealed 30 Myr all papilionate-related comprising recent common ancestor Dipteryx, Taralea, fruit morphology entire clade. Despite Monopteryx remaining being florally discrepant, collectively defined synapomorphy that is among Fabaceae: highly differentiated calyx, where two upper lobes enlarged wing-like, whereas other three lower reduced. suggest different dispersal strategies ancient Dipterygeae, which has maintained effective ecological interactions specialized pollinators ensured protection young buds developing fruits, may explain successful persistence main Neotropical biomes.

Язык: Английский

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Floral development insights into two species of Erythrina (Fabaceae: Papilionoideae: Phaseoleae) pollinated by hummingbirds and passerines

Research Square (Research Square), Год журнала: 2024, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Фев. 23, 2024

Abstract Erythrina is a Pantropical bird-pollinated genus of Fabaceae. Thus, its flowers are usually large, showy, red, or yellowish, which offer nectar as floral resource. There two main interaction systems with birds: in one, the inflorescences erect, and horizontal, offering no landing platform; other, parts more exposed. Despite their structural variation, little known about how species same diverge ontogenetically to form functionally different flowers. Therefore, this study aimed investigate development according pollination system. speciosa pollinated by hummingbirds, E. poeppigiana passerines. Flowers buds were collected fixed for analysis using scanning electron microscopy light microscopy. Some characteristics common both species: formation pseudoracemose inflorescence, unidirectional emergence organs, short staminal tube involving nine ten stamens (androecium diadelphous). Other characteristics, notably those related late stages development, gradually diverged. Among them inflorescence pattern; reduced free keel petals , while they longer merge; participation standard display. Such may not be phylogenetically reveal potential ontogenetic pathways functional convergence that have experienced throughout evolution .

Язык: Английский

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Molecular phylogeny and spatio‐temporal diversification of the Millettioid/Phaseoloid clade (Fabaceae: Papilionoideae)

Journal of Systematics and Evolution, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 62(6), С. 1103 - 1117

Опубликована: Апрель 24, 2024

Abstract The Millettioid/Phaseoloid (or the Millettioid) clade is a major lineage of subfamily Papilionoideae (Fabaceae) that poorly understood in terms its diversification and biogeographic history. To fill this gap, we generated time‐calibrated phylogeny for 749 species representing c . 80% genera using nrDNA ITS, plastid matK , plastome sequence (including 38 newly sequenced plastomes). Using phylogenetic framework, explored clade's temporal reconstructed ancestral areas dispersal events. Our analyses support monophyly four tribal lineages (Abreae, Desmodieae, Indigofereae, Psoraleeae), while two sensu lato millettioids phaseoloids are polyphyletic. fossil‐calibrated dating analysis showed nearly simultaneous divergence between stem node ( 62 Ma) crown 61 Paleocene. suggested originated Africa dispersed to Asia, Europe, Australia, Americas at different periods Cenozoic. We found evidence shifts rates across throughout Cenozoic, with rapid increase net since 10 Ma. Possible explanations present‐day richness distribution include boreotropical migration, frequent intra‐ intercontinental long‐distance dispersals elevated speciation following Mid‐Miocene Climatic Optimum. Together, these results provide novel insights into patterns clade, setting stage future evolutionary research on important legume clade.

Язык: Английский

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Characterization, comparison, and phylogenetic analyses of chloroplast genomes of Euphorbia species

Scientific Reports, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 14(1)

Опубликована: Июль 4, 2024

The genus Euphorbia (Euphorbiaceae) has near-cosmopolitan distribution and serves as a significant resource for both ornamental medicinal purposes. Despite its economic importance, Euphorbia's taxonomy long been challenged by the intricate nature of morphological traits exhibiting high levels convergence. While molecular markers are essential phylogenetic studies, their availability limited. To address this gap, we conducted comparative analyses focusing on chloroplast (CP) genomes nine species, incorporating three newly sequenced annotated accessions. In addition, informativeness nucleotide diversity were computed to identify candidate among closely related taxa in genus. Our investigation revealed relatively conserved sizes structures CP across studied with notable interspecific variations observed primarily non-coding regions IR/SC borders. By leveraging diversity, identified rpoB gene optimal species delimitation shallow-level inference within Through comprehensive analysis multiple taxa, our study sheds light evolutionary dynamics taxonomic intricacies Euphorbia, offering valuable insights into genome evolution taxonomy.

Язык: Английский

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The Complete Chloroplast Genome of Erythrina variegata L. (Papilionoideae, Fabaceae)

Ecology and Evolution, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 15(1)

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2025

ABSTRACT Erythrina variegata L. 1754, a thorny deciduous tree of Fabaceae, contains various chemical compounds such as alkaloids, flavonoids, and triterpenoids exhibits anti‐depressant, anti‐inflammatory, antidiabetic activities. However, genomic data E. are limited. In this study, the complete chloroplast genome was sequenced characterized using Illumina sequencing platform. The 152,351 bp in length consisted large single copy (82,907 bp), small (26,309 two inverted repeat regions (16,826 bp). There were 79 protein‐coding genes, 30 transfer RNA four ribosomal genes. Comparative analysis revealed high conservation genomes among species regarding size, structure, gene content. phylogenetic study also indicated close relationship between variagata sanwicensis . This provides initial plastome for further studies examining related Fabaceae.

Язык: Английский

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Genome skimming provides evidence to accept two new genera (Apiaceae) separated from the Peucedanum s.l.

Frontiers in Plant Science, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 15

Опубликована: Янв. 20, 2025

Background The Peucedanum s.l. genus, the backbone member of subfamily Apioideae, includes many medically and economically important plants. Although previous studies have proved that genus was not a natural taxonomic unit taxonomists also conducted several revisions for taxa this classifications numerous still been satisfactorily resolved, especially those endemic to China. Therefore, we comprehensive revision within polyphyletic in study. Methods We used two molecular datasets (103 plastomes 43 nrDNA sequences) generated by genome skimming reconstructed reliable phylogenetic framework with high support resolution. In addition, investigated divergence time core clade taxa. Results Discussion Both analyses failed recover as monophyletic group robustly supported P. morisonii , representative s.s., distantly related other members, which implied these were “truly plants”. Among plastid-based phylogenies recognized clades, A (four species) B (10 taxa). Meanwhile, obvious features morphology, plastome, chromosome number each detected: dorsally compressed glabrous mericarps filiform dorsal ribs, winged lateral vittae commissure furrow, IRa/LSC border falling into rpl 23 gene, an overall plastome size 152,288-154,686 bp, numbers 2n=20 found A; whereas pubescent ycf 2 146,718-147,592 2n=22 discovered B. established new genera ( Shanopeucedanum gen. nov. Sinopeucedanum nov.) respectively accommodate clades Furthermore, dating analysis showed diversification occurred early Pleistocene late Pliocene, respectively, may driven complex geological climate shifts periods. summary, our study impelled members improved system Apiaceae family.

Язык: Английский

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