PLoS ONE,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
19(12), С. e0315951 - e0315951
Опубликована: Дек. 30, 2024
Empirical
data
on
the
effect
of
plant
density
(PD)
and
length
vegetative
phase
(DVP)
growth,
yield,
cannabinoid
concentration
medicinal
cannabis
(Cannabis
sativa
L.)
are
still
scarce,
leading
to
a
lack
specific
cultivation
recommendations.
We
conducted
two
greenhouse
experiments
investigate
PD
in
range
12-36
plants
m-2
(D-trial)
DVP
1-4
weeks
(V-trial)
morphology,
biomass
growth
individual
organs,
CBD
inflorescence
fractions.
models
for
relationships
between
investigated
traits
PD/DVP
were
created
using
linear
regression
analysis
preceded
by
lack-of-fit
test.
An
increase
led
decrease
yield
per
(p
=
0.02),
whereas
positive
relationship
was
found
0.0001)
0.0002)
m2.
Total
area
yields
D-trial
ranged
from
119
247
g
lowest
highest
PD.
showed
with
an
basis
<
along
most
other
relevant
agronomic
such
as
production,
size
lateral
shoot
length.
V-trial
295
571
DVP.
The
could
be
linked
increased
number
rather
than
size.
In
contrast
expectations,
neither
nor
had
significant
effects
gradient
upper
lower
canopy
layers.
concentrations
inflorescences
layers
reduced
23%
46%
D-trial.
However,
increasing
PD,
proportion
higher-concentrated
fractions
68%,
while
extension
shifted
this
only
marginally
45%
50%.
context
standardized
we
therefore
advocate
high-density
production
systems
that
desired
Electrochimica Acta,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
493, С. 144415 - 144415
Опубликована: Май 8, 2024
Electrochemical
ammonia
production
from
molecular
nitrogen
and
nitrate
reduction
reactions
at
ambient
conditions
has
gained
a
lot
of
attention
in
recent
years,
making
this
topic
more
appealing.
The
race
towards
good
quick
results
terms
Faradaic
efficiency
productivity
is
not
always
focused
on
the
possible
source
contamination.
In
particular,
Nafion
membrane
most
commonly
used
field
as
cell
separator,
discarding
known
disadvantages
coming
ammonium
ions
absorption
release.
wettable
microporous
Celgard
been
proposed
substitute
for
membranes,
despite
separation
mechanism,
case,
only
dimension-driven,
so
it
does
assure
retention.
This
paper
reveals
that
mechanism
release
by
117
strongly
related
to
cations
present
electrolyte
lesser
extent
its
pH
value.
On
other
hand,
show
any
relevant
absorption.
Moreover,
different
trend
motion
catholyte
anolyte
solution
inside
flow-cell
reactor
shows
none
membranes
able
avoid
crossover
there
correlation
between
applied
potential
trend.
tests
confirm
how
can
have
big
impact
final
result
production,
especially
when
dealing
with
low
quantities,
leading
mistakes
real
quantity
reaction.
International Journal of Molecular Sciences,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
25(20), С. 11258 - 11258
Опубликована: Окт. 19, 2024
This
review
provides
an
overview
of
cannabis-based
phytocannabinoids,
focusing
on
their
mechanisms
action,
therapeutic
applications,
and
production
processes,
along
with
the
environmental
factors
that
affect
quality
efficacy.
Phytocannabinoids
such
as
THC
(∆9-tetrahydrocannabinol),
CBD
(cannabidiol),
CBG
(cannabigerol),
CBN
(cannabinol),
CBC
(cannabichromene)
exhibit
significant
potential
in
treating
various
physical
mental
health
conditions,
including
chronic
pain,
epilepsy,
neurodegenerative
diseases,
skin
disorders,
anxiety.
The
cultivation
cannabis
plays
a
crucial
role
determining
cannabinoid
profiles,
indoor
offering
more
control
consistency
than
outdoor
methods.
Environmental
light,
water,
temperature,
humidity,
nutrient
management,
CO2,
drying
method
used
are
key
to
optimizing
content
inflorescences.
outlines
need
for
broader
data
transfer
between
industry
technological
production,
especially
terms
what
concentration
ratios
effective
treatment.
Such
would
provide
cultivators
information
parameters
should
be
manipulated
obtain
required
final
product.
Nitrogen,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
5(3), С. 624 - 654
Опубликована: Июль 18, 2024
Hemp
(Cannabis
sativa
L.),
renowned
for
its
applications
in
environmental,
industrial,
and
medicinal
fields,
is
critically
evaluated
this
comprehensive
review
focusing
on
the
impacts
of
chemical
organic
fertilizers
cultivation.
As
hemp
re-emerges
as
a
crop
economic
significance,
choice
between
fertilization
methods
plays
crucial
role
determining
not
only
yield
but
also
quality
sustainability
production.
This
article
examines
botanical
characteristics
hemp,
optimal
growth
conditions,
essential
biochemical
processes
A
detailed
comparative
analysis
provided,
revealing
that
fertilizers,
while
increasing
by
up
to
20%
compared
options,
may
compromise
concentration
key
phytochemicals
such
cannabidiol
approximately
10%,
highlighting
trade-off
product
quality.
The
presents
quantitative
assessments
nitrogen
(N),
phosphorus
(P),
potassium
(K)
from
both
fertilizer
types,
noting
K
significantly
influences
synthesis
terpenes
cannabinoids,
making
it
most
impactful
element
context
aromatic
varieties.
Optimal
rates
timing
application
these
nutrients
are
discussed,
with
focus
maximizing
efficiency
during
flowering
stage,
where
nutrient
uptake
directly
correlates
cannabinoid
Furthermore,
challenges
associated
U.S.
industrial
market
addressed,
reducing
production
costs
improving
processing
infrastructure
sustaining
industry
growth,
especially
given
slow
expansion
fiber
markets
due
bottlenecks.
concludes
offer
immediate
agronomic
benefits,
transitioning
towards
practices
long-term
environmental
viability.
future
industry,
promising,
will
depend
heavily
advancements
genetic
engineering,
management
strategies,
regulatory
frameworks
better
support
sustainable
cultivation
practices.
nuanced
approach
vital
navigate
complex
trade-offs
productivity,
health,
viability
global
market.
Agronomy,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
14(8), С. 1647 - 1647
Опубликована: Июль 27, 2024
Nitrogen
fertilizer
is
the
most
frequently
used
in
cultivation
of
medicinal
plants,
and
has
a
significant
contribution
to
their
yields
quality.
Yet,
there
biased
excessive
N
application
crops.
This
study
aims
quantitatively
analyze
recommended
concentrations
for
diverse
species
disentangle
intricate
relationships
between
soil
fertility,
rate
(NAR),
quality/yield
We
first
characterized
179
7
classes
phytometabolites
therein,
including
terpenoids,
flavonoids,
phenylpropanoids,
phenolics,
alkaloids,
etc.,
reported
during
past
three
decades
from
phylogenetic
spatial
perspectives.
The
NAR,
crops
were
then
subjected
statistical
analyses.
pharmaco-phylogenetic
geographic
distributions
NAR
suggest
that
impact
ecological/environmental
factors
on
demand
plants
was
much
greater
than
genetic
endowments.
found
different
distinct
demand,
which
related
fertility
levels
production
areas.
by
China,
215.6
±
18.6
kg/ha,
higher
other
countries
(152.2
20.3
kg/ha;
p
=
0.023).
Moderate
generally
increases
yield
phytometabolite
content
crops,
but
opposite
effect.
It
necessary
plan
concentration
formula
fertilization
case-by-case
basis
with
reference
empirical
research.
Our
results
provide
baseline
information
references
rational
precision
agriculture
Frontiers in Plant Science,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
16
Опубликована: Фев. 20, 2025
Elevating
nutrient
input
is
thought
to
increase
yield
and
cannabinoid
concentration
of
medical
cannabis,
but
increased
legalization
has
heightened
awareness
the
environmental
impact
overfertilization.
Elevated
levels
phosphorus
(P)
are
particular
concern.
Here
we
report
effects
increasing
P
above
adequate
for
other
crops
(15,
30,
45,
60,
or
90
mg
per
L)
interactive
elevated
with
solution
(electrical
conductivity;
2
4
mS
cm).
We
used
closed-system
hydroponics
continuously
quantify
rootzone
concentrations.
The
in
leaf
tissue
doubled
flower
70%
when
from
15
L
there
was
no
difference
quality
among
treatments.
Doubling
cm
accumulation
did
not
significantly
quality.
Reducing
refill
reduced
at
harvest
300
less
than
0.1
L.
Despite
low
steady-state
treatment,
treatments,
regardless
elements.
high
concentrations
necrosis
visual
These
data
indicate
cannabis
tolerates
concentrations,
neither
excessive
nor
fertilization
improves
Scientific Reports,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
15(1)
Опубликована: Апрель 10, 2025
Nitrogen
(N)
nutrition
and
germplasm
of
clones
can
influence
biomass
cannabinoid
concentration
in
medicinal
cannabis.
However,
there
are
discrepancies
on
the
optimal
nitrogen
application
rate
at
flowering
stage
to
achieve
maximum
yield
if,
or
how,
this
interacts
with
from
different
seed
lines
same
genotype.
This
research
examined
relationship
between
N
rate,
cannabinoids
a
CBD-type
cannabis
cultivar
propagated
five
(hereafter
referred
as
clones).
Clonal
rooted
cuttings
were
mother
plants
germinated
seeds
'Tas1'.
Five
levels
(30,
90,
160,
240
400
mg/L
N)
imposed
start
inflorescence
period
continued
until
harvest
eight
weeks
later.
Some
pollen
contamination
occurred
during
trial
so
that
was
assessed
for
each
plant
included
statistical
analysis.
Weight
total
biomass,
leaves
(from
upper
lower
canopy
positions),
N%,
concentrations
measured
after
harvest.
Results
indicated
increasing
supply
generated
clear
upward
trend
peaked
160
which
it
did
not
significantly
change,
while
leaf
steadily
increased
N.
Delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol
(THC)
cannabidiol
(CBD)
decreased
similar,
but
non-significant,
inflorescences.
The
CBD
THC
ratio
Clone
source
strongly
correlated
concentration,
leaf,
across
all
treatments.
Clones
13
27
developed
greater
relative
18
26
irrespective
treatment.
Pollen
induced
development
comprised
up
5%
dry
weight
affect
whole-plant
accumulation
(N%),
concentration.
These
findings
provide
valuable
insights
improving
widely
cultivated
species.
ACS Agricultural Science & Technology,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
4(7), С. 690 - 699
Опубликована: Июнь 11, 2024
Environmental
impacts
of
cannabis
production
are
increasing
concern
because
it
is
a
newly
legal
and
growing
industry.
Although
handful
studies
have
quantified
the
indoor
production,
very
little
known
about
impact
outdoor
agriculture.
Outdoor
typically
uses
direct
energy
but
can
require
significant
fertilizer
other
inputs
due
to
dissipative
losses
via
runoff
mineralization.
Conversely,
high
in
nitrogen
be
counterproductive,
as
produces
flowers
with
decreased
cannabinoid
content.
This
study
has
two
aims:
(1)
To
identify
reduced-fertilizer
regimes
that
provide
optimal
flower
yields
reduced
(2)
quantify
how
this
shifts
greenhouse
gas
emissions,
resource
depletion
(fossil
metal),
terrestrial
acidification,
eutrophication
potential
production.
Primary
data
from
response
trial
incorporated
into
life-cycle
assessment
model.
Results
show
agriculture
50
times
less
carbon-emitting
than
Dissemination
knowledge
utmost
importance
for
producers,
consumers,
government
officials
nations
either
legalized
or
will
legalize
Journal of Experimental Botany,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
76(1), С. 94 - 108
Опубликована: Авг. 24, 2024
Abstract
Cannabis
sativa
L.,
one
of
the
oldest
cultivated
crops,
has
a
complex
domestication
history
due
to
its
diverse
uses
for
fibre,
seed,
oil,
and
drugs,
wide
geographic
distribution.
This
review
explores
how
human
selection
shaped
biology
hemp
drug-type
Cannabis,
focusing
on
acquisition
utilization
nitrogen
phosphorus,
resulting
changes
in
source–sink
relations
shape
their
contrasting
phenology.
Hemp
been
optimized
rapid,
slender
growth
nutrient
efficiency,
whereas
cultivars
have
selected
compact
with
large
phytocannabinoid-producing
female
inflorescences.
Understanding
these
use
ontogenetic
differences
will
enhance
our
general
understanding
resource
allocation
plants.
Knowledge
gained
comparison
other
model
species,
such
as
tomato,
rice,
or
Arabidopsis
can
help
inform
crop
improvement
sustainability
cannabis
industry.
Agrosystems Geosciences & Environment,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
8(1)
Опубликована: Дек. 30, 2024
Abstract
Industrial
hemp
(
Cannabis
sativa
L.),
displaying
more
than
25,000
products,
has
been
grown
in
North
America
since
the
16
th
century.
However,
knowledge
gaps
persist
optimizing
agronomic
practices,
including
precision
nitrogen
(N)
management,
which
is
crucial
for
yield
and
phytochemical
quality,
example,
delta‐9‐tetrahydrocannabinol
(THC)
cannabidiol
(CBD).
Addressing
these
gaps,
a
2‐year
field
trial
(2022
2023)
was
conducted
at
Rodale
Institute‐Pocono
Organic
Center
Blakeslee,
PA,
aiming
to
optimize
CBD
production
through
N
management.
Forty
experimental
plots
were
established,
with
each
assessing
two
main
factors:
(i)
rate:
0,
56,
112,
168,
224
kg
ha
−1
using
an
OMRI‐listed
fertilizer,
blood
meal
(12%
N)
(ii)
application
method:
banding
broadcasting.
The
3‐week‐old
seedlings
transplanted
into
plots,
followed
by
fertilizer
drip
irrigation.
Parameters
plant
height,
bud
weight,
biomass,
assessed,
alongside
THC
concentrations
floral
components
concentration
leaves
flowers.
There
significant
interaction
of
rate
method,
impacting
biomass
yield,
while
also
influenced
concentration.
Blood
supplied
yielded
highest
elevated
concentrations;
however,
this
did
not
differ
significantly
from
168
application.
Therefore,
recommended
optimal
Northeastern
,
upper
limit
.
Furthermore,
method
effective
