Legislation
and
ethical
guidelines
around
the
globe
call
for
effective
human
oversight
of
use
AI-based
systems
in
high-risk
contexts
–
that
is
reduces
risks
associated
with
systems.
Such
may
relate
to
imperfect
accuracy
(e.g.,
incorrect
classifications)
or
concerns
unfairness
outputs).
Given
significant
role
expected
play
operation
systems,
it
crucial
gain
a
better
understanding
conditions
oversight.
In
this
paper,
we
build
on
literature
management
automation
show
reliable
detection
errors
other
deviant
behavior
these
thus
We
then
propose
Signal
Detection
Theory
(SDT)
offers
promising
framework
what
affects
people’s
sensitivity
(i.e.,
how
well
they
are
able
detect
errors)
response
bias
tendency
report
given
perceived
evidence
an
error)
detecting
errors.
To
demonstrate
broad
applicability
SDT
perspective
study
error
when
overseeing
explicate
specifics
case
detection.
Additionally,
factors
(task-,
system-,
person-related
factors)
affect
humans
tasked
Finally,
discuss
implications
future
research
directions
Journal of Neurophysiology,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
132(5), С. 1608 - 1620
Опубликована: Окт. 9, 2024
In
this
study
we
combine
a
novel
pulse-based
evidence
accumulation
task
with
newly
developed
motion-based
drift
diffusion
model
(mDDM).
model,
incorporate
movement
parameters
derived
from
high-resolution
video
data
to
estimate
of
the
on
trial-by-trial
basis.
We
find
that
new
is
an
improved
description
animal
choice
behavior.
Cognition,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
256, С. 106054 - 106054
Опубликована: Янв. 10, 2025
Inhibitory
control
is
classically
considered
a
domain-general
process,
yet
recent
findings
suggest
it
may
operate
in
context-specific
ways.
This
has
important
implications
for
theories
other
cognitive
domains,
such
as
mathematics,
which
inhibitory
proposed
to
play
key
role.
been
implicated
resolving
interference
between
competing
number
facts
when
retrieving
them
from
memory,
clear
evidence
this
lacking.
Here
we
report
two
pre-registered
experiments
with
adults
that
investigated
transfer
of
interleaved
Stroop
and
multiplication
fact
retrieval
trials.
Experiment
1
(n
=
450)
measured
the
congruency
sequence
effect,
where
trials
leads
reduced
effect
following
an
incongruent
trial.
2
370)
list-wide
proportion
are
more
frequent.
We
found
multiplication.
did
not
differ
depending
on
whether
task
used
or
animal
stimuli.
There
was
no
effect.
These
results
reactive,
transient
processes
involved
memory.
Our
have
mathematical
cognition,
but
caution
should
be
taken
interpreting
educational
interventions.
Scientific Reports,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
15(1)
Опубликована: Янв. 15, 2025
Loud
noise
exposure
is
one
of
the
leading
causes
permanent
hearing
loss.
Individuals
with
noise-induced
loss
(NIHL)
suffer
from
speech
comprehension
deficits
and
experience
impairments
to
cognitive
functions
such
as
attention
decision-making.
Here,
we
investigate
specific
underlying
processes
during
auditory
perceptual
decision-making
that
are
impacted
by
NIHL.
Gerbils
were
trained
perform
an
task
involves
discriminating
between
slow
fast
presentation
rates
amplitude-modulated
(AM)
noise.
Decision-making
performance
was
assessed
across
pre-
versus
post-NIHL
sessions
within
same
gerbils.
A
single
session
(2
h)
loud
broadband
(120
dB
SPL)
produced
NIHL
elevated
threshold
shifts
in
brainstem
responses
(ABRs).
Following
NIHL,
tested
at
sensation
levels
comparable
those
prior
all
animals.
Our
findings
demonstrate
diminished
acuity,
reduced
attentional
focus,
altered
choice
bias,
slowed
down
evidence
accumulation
speed.
Finally,
video-tracking
analysis
motor
behavior
demonstrates
can
impact
sensory-guided
decision-based
execution.
Together,
these
results
suggest
impairs
sensory,
cognitive,
factors
support
Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
unknown, С. 1 - 11
Опубликована: Фев. 3, 2025
Abstract
Objective:
Altered
reinforcement
learning
(RL)
and
decision-making
have
been
implicated
in
the
pathophysiology
of
anorexia
nervosa.
To
determine
whether
deficits
observed
symptomatic
nervosa
are
also
present
remission,
we
investigated
RL
women
remitted
from
(rAN).
Methods:
Participants
performed
a
probabilistic
associative
task
that
involved
rewarding
or
punishing
outcomes
across
consecutive
sets
stimuli
to
examine
generalization
new
over
extended
exposure.
We
fit
hybrid
drift
diffusion
model
processes
24
rAN
20
female
community
controls
(cCN).
Results:
showed
better
negative
than
cCN
this
was
greater
exposure
(
p
<
.001,
η
2
=
.30).
demonstrated
reduction
accuracy
optimal
choices
.007,
.16)
rate
information
extraction
on
reward
trials
set
1
.012,
.14),
larger
response
threshold
separation
.036,
.10).
Conclusions:
extracted
less
their
became
increasingly
sensitive
trials.
This
suggests
shifted
attention
feedback
while
slowing
down
stimuli.
Better
positive
might
reflect
marker
recovery.
Brain Research,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
unknown, С. 149502 - 149502
Опубликована: Фев. 1, 2025
Individual
differences
in
using
language
are
prevalent
our
daily
lives.
Language
skills
often
assessed
vocational
(predominantly
written
language)
and
diagnostic
contexts.
Not
much
is
known,
however,
about
individual
spoken
skills.
The
lack
of
research
part
due
to
the
suitable
test
instruments.
We
introduce
Differences
Skills
(IDLaS-NL)
battery,
a
set
31
behavioural
tests
that
can
be
used
capture
variability
relevant
general
cognitive
adult
speakers
Dutch.
battery
was
designed
measure
word
sentence
production
comprehension
skills,
linguistic
knowledge,
nonverbal
processing
speed,
working
memory,
reasoning.
present
article
outlines
structure
describes
materials
procedure
each
test,
evaluates
battery's
factor
based
on
results
sample
748
Dutch
adults,
aged
between
18
30
years,
most
them
students.
analyses
demonstrate
has
good
construct
validity
reliably
administered
both
lab
via
internet.
therefore
recommend
as
valuable
new
tool
assess
knowledge
skills;
this
future
work
may
include
linking
other
aspects
human
cognition
life
outcomes.
Depression and Anxiety,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
2025(1)
Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2025
Irritability,
a
prevalent
and
impairing
symptom
in
many
mood
anxiety
disorders,
is
characterized
by
aberrant
responses
to
frustrative
nonreward.
Past
research
investigating
irritability
have
used
cued‐attention
task
with
rigged
feedback,
the
affective
Posner
(AP),
induce
Previous
studies
not
been
successful
linking
differences
self‐reported
traditional
AP
metrics
(i.e.,
reaction
time
accuracy).
Computational
modeling,
via
estimation
of
parameters
reflecting
latent
cognitive
processes,
may
provide
insight
into
mechanisms
reveal
potential
targets
for
mechanism‐based
interventions.
This
study
applied
drift‐diffusion
model
(DDM)
determine
if
DDM
are
associated
individual
irritability.
Young
adults
(
N
=
152,
M
age
20.93
±
1.98)
completed
state
frustration
trait
Multiple
linear
regressions
were
evaluate
whether
better
predict
over
metrics.
Higher
was
predicted
lower
decision
threshold
during
block
larger
decrease
this
parameter
between
nonfrustration
blocks,
These
findings
demonstrate
applying
nonreward
healthy
adult
populations.
The
utility
awaits
validation
populations
clinical
levels
Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
unknown
Опубликована: Март 10, 2025
Error
monitoring,
a
neurocognitive
process
reflecting
self-detection
of
errors,
has
been
proposed
as
marker
social
anxiety.
However,
the
way
in
which
this
relates
to
anxiety
is
not
consistent
across
age,
older
children
and
adolescents
with
exhibit
heightened
error
monitoring
younger
diminished
monitoring.
One
contextualize
inconsistency
provide
insight
into
childhood
examine
less-studied
consequences
termed
post-error
processing.
We
employed
computational
modeling
estimate
form
processing
(attentional
focusing)
during
flanker
task,
within
cross-sectional
sample
148
treatment-seeking
youth
aged
7-17.
Youth
reported
symptoms
via
Screen
for
Child
Anxiety
Related
Disorders
(SCARED).
Mixed-effects
regression
analyses
revealed
three-way
interaction
(p
=
.034)
between
trial
type
(post-error/correct),
predicting
attentional
focusing.
Higher
predicted
focusing
children,
but
effect
changed
higher
no
longer
by
adolescence.
Studying
functional
committing
errors
(post-error
processing)
provides
additional
context
understanding
relationship
These
data
elucidate
important
changes
age
could
therefore
inform
developmentally
sensitive
treatments
pediatric
