Lower-Risk Cannabis Use Guidelines (LRCUG) for reducing health harms from non-medical cannabis use: A comprehensive evidence and recommendations update

International Journal of Drug Policy, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 99, С. 103381 - 103381

Опубликована: Авг. 28, 2021

Cannabis use is common, especially among young people, and associated with risks for various health harms. Some jurisdictions have recently moved to legalization/regulation pursuing public goals. Evidence-based 'Lower Risk Use Guidelines' (LRCUG) recommendations were previously developed reduce modifiable risk factors of cannabis-related adverse outcomes; related evidence has evolved substantially since. We aimed review new scientific develop comprehensively up-to-date LRCUG, including their recommendations, on this basis. Targeted searches literature (since 2016) main outcomes by the user-individual conducted. Topical areas informed previous LRCUG content expanded upon current evidence. Searches preferentially focused systematic reviews, supplemented key individual studies. The results evidence-graded, topically organized narratively summarized; through an iterative expert consensus development process. A substantial body cannabis use-related harms identified varying quality. Twelve substantive recommendation clusters three precautionary statements developed. In general, suggests that individuals can if they delay onset until after adolescence, avoid high-potency (THC) products high-frequency/-intensity use, refrain from smoking-routes administration. While people are particularly vulnerable harms, other sub-groups (e.g., pregnant women, drivers, older adults, those co-morbidities) advised exercise particular caution risks. Legal/regulated should be used where possible. result in outcomes, mostly higher-risk use. Reducing help offer one targeted intervention component within a comprehensive approach They require effective audience-tailoring dissemination, regular updating as become available, evaluated impact.

Язык: Английский

---

Updated clinical practice recommendations for managing adults with 22q11.2 deletion syndrome

Genetics in Medicine, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 25(3), С. 100344 - 100344

Опубликована: Фев. 2, 2023

Язык: Английский

---

Evidence on the acute and residual neurocognitive effects of cannabis use in adolescents and adults: a systematic meta‐review of meta‐analyses

Addiction, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 117(7), С. 1857 - 1870

Опубликована: Янв. 19, 2022

Abstract Background Cannabis is among the most consumed psychoactive substances world‐wide. Considering changing policy trends regarding substance, it crucial to understand more clearly its potential acute and residual adverse effects from a public health viewpoint. Cognitive function one of targeted areas with conflicting findings. This meta‐review measured magnitude cannabis on cognition in adolescents adults provided by meta‐analyses evaluated quality evidence. Methods A systematic search was performed PubMed, PsycINFO, Web Science Google Scholar. Meta‐analyses were included if they quantitatively examined performances users general population cognitive tasks. Results The retrieved 10 eligible (71 sizes, n = 43 761) evidence ranging low moderate quality, which categorized into domains functions: executive functions ( k 7), learning memory 5), attention 4), processing speed perceptual motor 2) language 2). Verbal displayed robust impaired intoxication that persisted after passed. Small‐to‐moderate reported for functioning. use led small deficits inhibitory processes flexibility, whereas small‐to‐moderate working decision‐making. Evidence has shown administration induced neurocognitive observed heavy cannabis‐using youths. showed no significant difference between non‐users language, simple skills. Conclusion Meta‐analytical data have leads several domains. These impairments accord documented effects, suggesting detrimental persist beyond intake.

Язык: Английский

---

Cannabis, cannabinoids and health: a review of evidence on risks and medical benefits

European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience, Год журнала: 2024, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Сен. 19, 2024

Abstract The legalization of cannabis for medical and recreational purposes has progressed internationally. Cannabis cannabinoids are advocated a plethora indications. An increasing number nonmedical users regularly consume large doses delta-9-Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), the main active component cannabis. Aim: to summarize evidence on (1) risks use (2) effectiveness safety medicinal Findings use: is mostly used experience its acute rewarding effects. Regular high THC products can produce addiction (cannabis disorder or CUD). Acute consumption (including unintentionally) cause time-limited mental, gastrointestinal, cardiovascular problems motor vehicle accidents. Chronic patterns have been associated with multiple adverse outcomes that particular concern among adolescents young adults, such as, disrupted learning, impaired cognitive performance, reduced educational attainment an increased risk CUD, psychosis/schizophrenia, mood anxiety disorders suicidal behaviors. There debate about extent which these outcomes. Physical health (e.g., respiratory cardiovascular, prematurity restricted fetal growth, hyperemesis syndrome others) also linked repeated content. Herbal cannabis, medicines from extracted synthetized cannabinoids—often as adjuvants standard medicines—may small modest benefits. This primarily case in treating chronic pain, muscle spasticity, chemotherapy-induced nausea vomiting, refractory epilepsy (in cannabidiol, CBD). inconclusive their value mental other conditions. Safety: Cannabis-based medicine generally well tolerated. mild moderate effects CUD.

Язык: Английский

---

Cannabis use and mood disorders: a systematic review

Frontiers in Public Health, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 12

Опубликована: Апрель 9, 2024

Background Problematic cannabis use is highly prevalent among people with mood disorders. This underscores the need to understand effects of and cannabinoids in this population, especially considering legalization recreational use. Objectives We aimed (1) systematically evaluate cross-sectional longitudinal studies investigating interplay between use, disorder (CUD), occurrence disorders symptoms, a focus on major depressive (MDD) bipolar (BD) and; (2) examine prognosis treatment outcomes MDD BD. Methods Following PRISMA guidelines, we conducted an extensive search for English-language potential impact development published from inception through November 2023, using EMBASE, PsycINFO, PubMed, MEDLINE databases. Results Our literature identified 3,262 studies, 78 meeting inclusion criteria. found that associated increased manic symptoms general population addition elevated likelihood developing Furthermore, observed linked unfavorable both or Discussion findings suggest may negatively influence development, course, Future well-designed type, amount, frequency while addressing confounding factors, are imperative comprehensive understanding relationship. Systematic review registration https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42023481634 .

Язык: Английский

---

Cannabidiol for the treatment of autism spectrum disorder: hope or hype?

Psychopharmacology, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 239(9), С. 2713 - 2734

Опубликована: Июль 29, 2022

Язык: Английский

---

Down and High: Reflections Regarding Depression and Cannabis

Frontiers in Psychiatry, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 12

Опубликована: Май 14, 2021

In light of the recent changes in legal status cannabis Canada, understanding potential impact use by individuals suffering from depression is increasingly considered as being important. It fundamental that we look into existing literature to examine influence on psychiatric conditions, including mood disorders. this article, will explore relationship exists between and cannabis. We onset course depression, its treatment. have undertaken a wide-ranging review order address these questions. The evidence longitudinal studies suggest there bidirectional such increases risk for vice-versa. This possibly higher heavy users having initiated their consumption early adolescence. Clinical also suggests associated with worse prognosis major depressive disorder. link suicide remains controversial. Moreover, insufficient data determine cognition Preliminary suggesting endogenous cannabinoid system involved pathophysiology depression. need be confirmed future positron emission tomography studies. Randomized controlled trials are needed investigate efficacy motivational interviewing and/or cognitive behavioral therapy treatment disorder Finally, although preclinical cannabidiol has antidepressant properties, randomized properly possibility humans.

Язык: Английский

---

Understanding youth and young adult cannabis use in Canada post-legalization: a scoping review on a public health issue

Substance Abuse Treatment Prevention and Policy, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 19(1)

Опубликована: Июнь 17, 2024

Abstract Background Canada legalized recreational cannabis in 2018, and one of the primary objectives Cannabis Act was to protect youth by reducing their access providing public education. has highest prevalence use worldwide, particularly among young adults under age 25. is linked with many adverse effects for including psychosis, anxiety, depression, respiratory distress, cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome, impaired cognitive performance. Despite high evolution policies globally, significant knowledge research gaps remain regarding adult use. The aim this scoping review map extent, nature, range evidence available on since its legalization, order strengthen policies, services, treatments, training, education strategies. Methods Using a framework developed Arksey O’Malley, along PRISMA-ScR guidelines, we conducted rigorous search five academic databases: MEDLINE, Embase, APA PsycINFO, CINAHL Web Science Core Collection. We included empirical studies that collected data after legalization (October 2018) focused or < 30. Two reviewers independently screened articles two stages extracted relevant information from meeting inclusion criteria. Results Of 47 our criteria, 92% used quantitative methods, 6% were qualitative, 2% mixed-methods approach. Over two-thirds (68%) secondary data. These categorized into six focus areas: (1) prevalence, patterns, trends, (2) cannabis-related injuries emergency department (ED) visits, (3) rates patterns during pandemic, (4) perceptions use, (5) prevention tools, (6) offenses. Key findings reviewed include an increase 18-24-year-olds post-legalization, mixed results 18. ED visits intentional unintentional have increased children teens. Perception show mix concern normalization Though limited, are promising raising awareness. A decline offenses noted study. highlights several gaps, need more qualitative data, disaggregation demographic intervention research, comprehensive physical mental health impacts adults. Conclusion Maintaining approach critical, This involves implementing strategies minimize harms, enhancing education, minimizing commercialization, cannabis, promoting guidelines lower-risk harm reduction strategies, increasing training healthcare providers.

Язык: Английский

---

Therapeutic potential of CBD in Autism Spectrum Disorder

International review of neurobiology, Год журнала: 2024, Номер unknown, С. 149 - 203

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2024

Язык: Английский

---

Cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome in North America: evaluation of health burden and treatment prevalence

Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 56(11-12), С. 1532 - 1542

Опубликована: Окт. 28, 2022

Summary Background Cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome (CHS) is a poorly understood vomiting disorder associated with chronic cannabis use. Aims To characterise patients experiencing CHS in North America and to obtain population‐based estimate of treatment prevalence Canada before during the Covid‐19 pandemic Methods Internet survey 157 sufferers United States. Administrative health databases for province Alberta (population 5 million) were accessed measure emergency department (ED) visits vomiting, concurrent diagnostic code Three time periods 1 year assessed: prior recreational legalisation (2017–2018), after (2018–2019) first (2020–2021). Results Problematic use (defined as CUDIT‐R score ≥8) was universal among cohort, 59% 68% screening moderate or worse anxiety depression, respectively. The overall across all ages increased from 15 ED per 100,000 population (95% CI, 14–17) legalisation, 21 20–23) 32 31–35) beginning ( p < 0.001). Treatment users high 6 1000 16–24 age group. Conclusion Survey data suggest almost universally suffer disorder, which has significant implications. substantially over very short period, highest rates seen pandemic.

Язык: Английский

---