Cell-to-cell and organ-to-organ crosstalk in the pathogenesis of alcohol-associated liver disease

eGastroenterology, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 2(4), С. e100104 - e100104

Опубликована: Дек. 1, 2024

Alcohol-associated liver disease (ALD) is a growing global health concern and its prevalence severity are increasing steadily. While bacterial endotoxin translocation into the portal circulation well-established key factor, recent evidence highlights critical role of sterile inflammation, triggered by diverse stimuli, in alcohol-induced injury. This review provides comprehensive analysis complex interactions within hepatic microenvironment ALD. It examines contributions both parenchymal cells, like hepatocytes, non-parenchymal such as stellate Kupffer neutrophils, sinusoidal endothelial driving progression disease. Additionally, we explored involvement mediators, including cytokines, chemokines inflammasomes, which regulate inflammatory responses promote injury fibrosis. A particular focus has been placed on extracellular vesicles (EVs) essential mediators intercellular communication beyond liver. These facilitate transfer signalling molecules, microRNAs proteins, modulate immune responses, fibrogenesis lipid metabolism, thereby influencing progression. Moreover, underscore importance organ-to-organ crosstalk, particularly gut-liver axis, where dysbiosis increased intestinal permeability lead to microbial translocation, exacerbating inflammation. The adipose-liver axis also highlighted, impact adipokines free fatty acids from adipose tissue steatosis inflammation context alcohol consumption.

Язык: Английский

---

Pharmacogenomic and Pharmacomicrobiomic Aspects of Drugs of Abuse

Genes, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 16(4), С. 403 - 403

Опубликована: Март 30, 2025

Background/Objectives: This review examines the role of pharmacogenomics in individual responses to pharmacotherapy various drugs abuse, including alcohol, cocaine, and opioids, identify genetic variants that contribute variability substance use disorder treatment outcomes. In addition, it explores pharmacomicrobiomic aspects use, highlighting impact gut microbiome on bioavailability, drug metabolism, pharmacodynamics, pharmacokinetics. Results: Research pharmacogenetics has identified several promising may existing pharmacotherapies for addiction. However, interpretation these findings remains limited. It is estimated factors account 20–95% responses. Therefore, alone cannot fully explain differences responses, such as diversity also play a significant role. Drug microbial biotransformation produced by exoenzymes convert low molecular weight organic compounds into analogous oxidation, reduction, hydrolysis, condensation, isomerization, unsaturation, or introduction heteroatoms. Despite advances pharmacomicrobiomics, challenges persist lack standardized methodologies, inter-individual variability, limited understanding mechanisms, need large-scale validation studies develop microbiota-based biomarkers clinical use. Conclusions: Progress disorders provided biological insights pharmacological needs associated with common drug-metabolizing enzymes. The its metabolites pivotal stages addiction seeking, reward, biotransformation. integrating pharmacomicrobiomics will form crucial foundation precision personalized medicine.

Язык: Английский

---

Fecal profiling reveals a common microbial signature for pancreatic cancer in Finnish and Iranian cohorts

Gut Pathogens, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 17(1)

Опубликована: Апрель 16, 2025

Abstract Background Pancreatic cancer (PC) presents a significant challenge in oncology because of its late-stage diagnosis and limited treatment options. The inadequacy current screening methods has prompted investigations into stool-based assays microbial classifiers as potential early detection markers. gut microbiota composition PC patients may be influenced by population differences, thereby impacting the accuracy disease prediction. However, comprehensive profiling analysis these cofactors remain limited. Therefore, we analyzed stool 33 Finnish 50 Iranian along with 35 34 healthy controls using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. We assessed similarities differences both populations while considering sociocultural impacts generated statistical model for prediction based on classifiers. Our aim was to expand understanding microbiota, discuss impact contribute development through biomarkers. Results Compared controls, presented reduced diversity, discernible profiles factors such ethnicity, demographics, lifestyle. marked significantly higher abundances facultative pathogens including Enterobacteriaceae, Enterococcaceae, Fusobacteriaceae, lower beneficial bacteria. In particular, bacteria belonging Clostridia class, butyrate-producing Lachnospiraceae, Butyricicoccaceae, Ruminococcaceae, were depleted. A classifier pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) developed cohort evaluated cohort, where it yielded respectable AUC 0.88 (95% CI 0.78, 0.97). Conclusions This study highlights microbes biomarkers noninvasive targeted therapies, emphasizing need further research validate findings diverse populations. role microbiome could enhance efforts improve patient outcomes.

Язык: Английский

---

The mechanisms, hallmarks, and therapies for brain aging and age-related dementia

Science Bulletin, Год журнала: 2024, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Сен. 1, 2024

Язык: Английский

---

The Bidirectional Interplay Between Substances of Abuse and Gut Microbiome Homeostasis

Life, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 15(6), С. 834 - 834

Опубликована: Май 22, 2025

Specific gut microorganisms and their metabolic by-products have been identified as key regulators of host physiology, contributing to the modulation immune system, inflammatory processes, brain function, behavior, which highlights microbiome a potential modulator neurobiological mechanisms involved in substance use disorders. This narrative review provides an updated overview how drugs abuse influence composition dynamics human bacterial dysbiosis may be factor disorders by modulating communication between brain. Thus, examining commonly abused substances such alcohol, psychostimulants, opioids, cannabinoids, nicotine, this aimed deepen understanding bidirectional relationship use. There is evidence indicating that alterations addiction through changes gut-brain signaling. Furthermore, its metabolites not only result from disorders, but could also modulate behavioral responses abuse. Although exact modulates are fully understood, microbial products short-chain fatty acids, tryptophan metabolites, bile neurotransmitters suggested play role process influencing blood–brain barrier permeability, activation, neural signaling, gene expression. Therefore, manipulating or represent promising approach for enhancing disorder treatments, identifying individuals at increased risk pathological drug use, elucidating substance-related behaviors.

Язык: Английский

---

Genealogically bewildered individuals and forensic identification: a review of current and emerging solutions

International Journal of Legal Medicine, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Май 24, 2025

Язык: Английский

---

L-Theanine Mitigates Chronic Alcoholic Intestinal Injury by Regulating Intestinal Alcohol and Linoleic-Arachidonic Acid Metabolism in Rats

Nutrients, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 17(11), С. 1943 - 1943

Опубликована: Июнь 5, 2025

Background: Chronic alcohol intake impairs intestinal function, while L-theanine (LTA) may support health. However, the protective effects of LTA to chronic alcoholic injuries remain unclear. Methods: SD rats were administered for 8 weeks and then co-administered Lieber–DeCarli liquid feed 4 establish a injury model investigate mitigating influence on injury. Results: alleviated duodenal pathology permeability reduced oxidative stress inflammatory response, thereby Additionally, ameliorated disturbances in gut microbiota induced by increasing beneficial bacteria abundance (Ruminococcus Odoribacter) decreasing harmful (Enterococcus). Moreover, altered metabolic profiles associated with ethanol linoleic (LA) arachidonic acid (AA) metabolism. ADH6, ALDH2, ACSS1 mRNA protein levels upregulated LTA, whereas those CYP2E1, FADS2, ALOX-5, COX-1 downregulated. Concurrently, increased metabolites, such as acetyl-CoA, decreased ethanol, acetaldehyde, acetic acid, LA, AA, PGE2, 13-HPODE, LTB4. Conclusions: mitigates regulating LA-AA Our findings functional potential dietary supplement highlight its addressing caused intake.

Язык: Английский

---

A mediation analysis of the role of total free fatty acids on pertinence of gut microbiota composition and cognitive function in late life depression

Lipids in Health and Disease, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 23(1)

Опубликована: Фев. 29, 2024

Abstract Background Extensive evidence demonstrates correlations among gut microbiota, lipid metabolism and cognitive function. However, there is still a lack of researches in the field late-life depression (LLD). This research targeted at investigating relationship indexes, such as total free fatty acids (FFAs), functions LLD. Methods Twenty-nine LLD patients from Cognitive Outcome Cohort Study Depression Elderly were included. estimated through Chinese version Montreal Assessment (MoCA). Blood samples collected to evaluate serum parameters. Fecal evaluated for microbiota determination via 16S rRNA sequencing. Spearman correlation, linear regression mediation analysis utilized explore function patients. Results correlation revealed significant Akkermansia abundance, Free Fatty Acids (FFAs) MoCA scores ( P < 0.05). Multiple indicated FFAs significantly predicted Mediation demonstrated that between decreased relative abundance decline was partially mediated by (Bootstrap 95%CI: 0.023–0.557), accounting 43.0% effect. Conclusion These findings suggested , well FFAs. Total functions. results contributed understanding microbial-host axis

Язык: Английский

---

Prenatal Stress and Ethanol Exposure: Microbiota-Induced Immune Dysregulation and Psychiatric Risks

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 25(18), С. 9776 - 9776

Опубликована: Сен. 10, 2024

Changes in maternal gut microbiota due to stress and/or ethanol exposure can have lasting effects on offspring’s health, particularly regarding immunity, inflammation response, and susceptibility psychiatric disorders. The literature search for this review was conducted using PubMed Scopus, employing keywords phrases related stress, exposure, microbiota, microbiome, gut–brain axis, diet, dysbiosis, progesterone, placenta, prenatal development, inflammation, depression identify relevant studies both preclinical human research. Only a limited number of reviews were included support the arguments. encompassed from 1990s present. This begins by exploring role modulating host health disease. It then examines how disturbances affect immune system. analysis continues investigating interplay between focusing influences offspring its implications depression. also considers impact consumption with an emphasis microbiota. Finally, it is suggested that dysbiosis may be significantly exacerbated combined leading system dysfunction chronic which could increase risk offspring. These interactions underscore potential novel mental interventions address especially relation health.

Язык: Английский

---

The adolescent and young adult microbiome and its association with substance use: a scoping review

Alcohol and Alcoholism, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 59(1)

Опубликована: Сен. 1, 2023

The microbiome is a critical factor in health throughout human development. aims of this scoping review are to (i) elucidate the differences between youth (post-natal day 21-65 for rodents, 2-7 years non-human primates, and 10-25 humans) with other life stages (ii) identify youth-specific microbial changes associated substance use.

Язык: Английский

---