Mechanisms of vagus nerve stimulation for the treatment of neurodevelopmental disorders: a focus on microglia and neuroinflammation DOI Creative Commons

Makenna Gargus,

Benneth Ben‐Azu,

Antonia Landwehr

и другие.

Frontiers in Neuroscience, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 18

Опубликована: Янв. 15, 2025

The vagus nerve (VN) is the primary parasympathetic nerve, providing two-way communication between body and brain through a network of afferent efferent fibers. Evidence suggests that altered VN signaling linked to changes in neuroimmune system, including microglia. Dysfunction microglia, resident innate immune cells brain, associated with various neurodevelopmental disorders, schizophrenia, attention deficit hyperactive disorder (ADHD), autism spectrum (ASD), epilepsy. While mechanistic understanding linking VN, disorders remains incomplete, stimulation (VNS) may provide better VN’s mechanisms act as possible treatment modality. In this review we examine important role modulating system inflammatory reflex, which involves cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway, releases acetylcholine. Within central nervous (CNS), direct release acetylcholine can also be triggered by VNS. Homeostatic balance CNS notably maintained Microglia facilitate neurogenesis, oligodendrogenesis, astrogenesis, promote neuronal survival via trophic factor release. These monitor microenvironment complex sensome, groups receptors proteins enabling microglia modify health neurochemistry. Given limitations pharmacological interventions for seeks explore application VNS an intervention conditions. Accordingly, established action, e.g., modulation neurotransmitter pathways, well emerging preclinical clinical evidence supporting VNS’s impact on symptoms such those related inflammation induced infections. We discuss potential adapting non-invasive prevention these Overall, intended increase alleviating microglial dysfunction involved ADHD, ASD, Additionally, aim reveal new concepts field could serve understand development therapies disorders.

Язык: Английский

Mechanisms of vagus nerve stimulation for the treatment of neurodevelopmental disorders: a focus on microglia and neuroinflammation DOI Creative Commons

Makenna Gargus,

Benneth Ben‐Azu,

Antonia Landwehr

и другие.

Frontiers in Neuroscience, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 18

Опубликована: Янв. 15, 2025

The vagus nerve (VN) is the primary parasympathetic nerve, providing two-way communication between body and brain through a network of afferent efferent fibers. Evidence suggests that altered VN signaling linked to changes in neuroimmune system, including microglia. Dysfunction microglia, resident innate immune cells brain, associated with various neurodevelopmental disorders, schizophrenia, attention deficit hyperactive disorder (ADHD), autism spectrum (ASD), epilepsy. While mechanistic understanding linking VN, disorders remains incomplete, stimulation (VNS) may provide better VN’s mechanisms act as possible treatment modality. In this review we examine important role modulating system inflammatory reflex, which involves cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway, releases acetylcholine. Within central nervous (CNS), direct release acetylcholine can also be triggered by VNS. Homeostatic balance CNS notably maintained Microglia facilitate neurogenesis, oligodendrogenesis, astrogenesis, promote neuronal survival via trophic factor release. These monitor microenvironment complex sensome, groups receptors proteins enabling microglia modify health neurochemistry. Given limitations pharmacological interventions for seeks explore application VNS an intervention conditions. Accordingly, established action, e.g., modulation neurotransmitter pathways, well emerging preclinical clinical evidence supporting VNS’s impact on symptoms such those related inflammation induced infections. We discuss potential adapting non-invasive prevention these Overall, intended increase alleviating microglial dysfunction involved ADHD, ASD, Additionally, aim reveal new concepts field could serve understand development therapies disorders.

Язык: Английский

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