Editorial: Science to Foster the WHO Air Quality Guideline Values

International Journal of Public Health, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 69

Опубликована: Янв. 6, 2025

There is a large global body of evidence linking exposure to air pollution, especially fine particulate matter (PM2.5), with impacts on all major human organ systems. Furthermore, epidemiological studies have now documented health effects at levels below current national ambient quality standards. The Health Effects Institute recently completed comprehensive research initiative investigate the long-term low pollution in Europe, Canada and United States [3]. Particular strengths included populations (7-69 million people), state-of-the-art assessment methods, thorough statistical analyses that applied novel methods. All three positive associations between mortality PM2.5 as 4 μg/m 3 or even lower. observed linear (United States), supra-linear (Canada Europe) exposure-response functions for mortality, no threshold. This provided important new adverse exposures standards, suggesting further reductions could yield larger benefits than previously anticipated [3].Based these other studies, World Organization (WHO) released Air Quality Guidelines (AQG) September 2021. They recommended annual mean concentrations should not exceed 5 , finding occur above this concentration [4]. also set interim targets, meant provide step wise pathway towards achievement AQG values 35, 25, 15, 10 . Governments Europe moved toward more stringent standards-9 µg/m respectively-to align closely 2021 WHO [5,6]. Meanwhile, Federal Commission Hygiene advised Swiss Government adopt standards [7]. Others such Uganda adopted National Standards first time [8], Brazil has Policy progressive targets consistent [9]. Special Issue, entitled "Science Foster Guideline Values", presents recent science underpins offers insights into pathways action. One issue abundantly clear -the disease burden from borne equally across world, countries Asia, Africa, Middle East experiencing highest associated (Figure 1). Hence, there particular need improve those regions [e.g., 10,11].Much what currently known about its solutions come conducted high-income regions, North America Western relatively levels, years, China where are high [12,13]. As governments around world act quality, continuing strengthen local base risk identify sources most responsible assess public effectiveness actions taken quality. Such invaluable strengthening scientific infrastructure capacities, raising awareness communities, supporting evidence-based decision making. To awareness, update Index toolsused by many authorities communicate state daily basis -with [14]. More needed capture direct indirect climate change fully, including interactions pollution.Overall, bold levels-international, national, localand sectors transport, energy, industry, agriculture, residential. cause optimism: various examples locations globe show if action so does population [15]. Scientific data presented articles will continue play fundamental role fostering actions, reduce inequity both within countries, close gap AQG.

Язык: Английский

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Air pollution, lifestyle, and cardiovascular disease risk in northwestern China: A cohort study of over 5.8 million participants

Environment International, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 199, С. 109459 - 109459

Опубликована: Апрель 16, 2025

Язык: Английский

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Predictive machine learning and geospatial modeling reveal PM10 hotspots and guide targeted air pollution interventions in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

Deleted Journal, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 7(4)

Опубликована: Март 26, 2025

Язык: Английский

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Exposure to ultrafine particles while bicycling in a residential area near Copenhagen International Airport, Denmark: A repeated measures study

The Science of The Total Environment, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 979, С. 179474 - 179474

Опубликована: Апрель 24, 2025

Airports are major sources of ultrafine particles (UFP), raising health concerns among people living in immediate proximity. However, little is known about UFP concentrations residential areas around airports. In this study, we mapped exposure a area nearby Copenhagen International Airport (CPH). Particle number (PNC) were measured using portable device during 44 bicycling trips on fixed route 8.2 km, weekdays July and August 2024. The was located an 4 km north CPH tracked GPS. We investigated PNC spatial variation linking data to OpenStreetMap. To compare across different times the day wind directions, used Generalized Additive Models (GAM), adjusted for time trends, hourly flights meteorological variables. found overall mean 7620 pt/cm3 repeats, with no significant differences between morning noon trips. Highest means observed south (11,594 pt/cm3) compared other directions (4189-7069 pt/cm3), showing increasing gradient from (∼10,000 ∼13,000 pt/cm3, respectively) under conditions. also 8151 all traffic intersections along route, peaks at lights main roads wind, up 16,442 pt/cm3. Our findings suggest that airports, together road traffic, source UFPs near neighbourhoods. diffusion influenced primarily by direction graduation proximity airport.

Язык: Английский

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Lung neoplasm development in a mouse model exposed to fine particulate matter in Korea

Molecular & Cellular Toxicology, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Апрель 25, 2025

Язык: Английский

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Long-term exposure to PM2.5 and cardiorespiratory mortality: an ecological small-area study in five cities in Colombia

Cadernos de Saúde Pública, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 41(4)

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2025

Abstract: Long-term exposure to the fine particulate matter (PM2.5) is a risk factor for cardiorespiratory mortality. However, little known about its distribution and health impact in large cities low-middle-income countries where population has increased during last decades. This ecological study evaluated association between PM2.5 concentration adult mortality at intraurban census sector (CS) level of Colombia’s five most populated (2015-2019). We estimated incidence rate ratios (IRR; per 5µg/m3) by fitting negative binomial regressions smoothed Bayesian rates (BMR) on predicted from land use regression (LUR) models, adjusting CS demographic structure, multidimensional poverty index, spatial autocorrelation. median ranged 8.1µg/m3 Bucaramanga 18.7µg/m3 Medellín, whereas Bogotá had highest variability (IQR = 29.5µg/m3) (BMR 2,560 100,000). (IRR 1.15; 95%CI: 1.02; 1.31), without evidence clustering, cardiovascular 1.06; 1.01; 1.12) respiratory 1.07; 1.13) Medellín. Cardiorespiratory spatially clustered some Colombian was associated with long-term urban areas LUR models predictive accuracy. These findings highlight need incorporate high-quality, high-resolution assessments better understand air pollution inform public interventions environments.

Язык: Английский

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Health burden and inequities of urban environmental stressors in Sofia, Bulgaria

Environmental Research, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 279, С. 121782 - 121782

Опубликована: Май 8, 2025

Язык: Английский

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Comparison of air pollution mortality effect estimates using different long-term exposure assessment modelling methods

Environmental Research, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown, С. 121832 - 121832

Опубликована: Май 1, 2025

Язык: Английский

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The Dark Triad of Particulate Matter, Oxidative Stress and Coronary Artery Disease: What About the Antioxidant Therapeutic Potential

Antioxidants, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 14(5), С. 572 - 572

Опубликована: Май 9, 2025

Particulate matter (PM) is a complex mixture of particles with different adverse effects on health, especially the cardiovascular (CV) risk and disease (e.g., increased total CV mortality, ischemic heart disease, failure, stroke, hypertension, dyslipidemia type 2 diabetes). Since oxidative stress (OS) inflammation are main key mechanisms by which PM exerted its biological several inflammatory-related biomarkers have been measured associated PM; abnormalities in these parameters relation to highlight role this relationship terms health effects, including conditions. Antioxidant strategies might prevent/reverse, almost partly, related exposure, addressing OS inflammation, although clinical gain interventional tools not yet clearly demonstrated. This review aims summarize source composition, discussing inflammatory events environmental exposure as mechanistic determinants acute event precipitation. Moreover, modifying potential antioxidants, subjects more susceptible air pollution and/or highly exposed, will be discussed promising research area beyond conventional actually available prevent harmful reduction sources population assessment quality standards) order better face dark triad composed PM, disease.

Язык: Английский

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Protective Effects of Xanthorrhizol-Rich Extracts Against PM-Induced Skin Damage in Human Keratinocytes and 3D-Reconstructed Skin Models

Pharmaceuticals, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 18(6), С. 808 - 808

Опубликована: Май 28, 2025

Background: Particulate matter (PM) is a major environmental pollutant that induces oxidative stress, inflammation, and extracellular matrix (ECM) degradation, leading to skin damage accelerated aging. Xanthorrhizol (XAN), bioactive compound derived from Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb., exhibits anti-inflammatory antioxidative properties, making it promising candidate for protecting against PM-induced damage. This study investigated the protective effects of XAN C. supercritical extract (CXSE) on PM-exposed cells. Methods: A 3D-reconstructed model HaCaT human keratinocytes were exposed PM (100 µg/mL) with or without CXSE XAN. Histological analysis, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), Western blot, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), reporter gene assays performed assess ECM integrity, inflammatory cytokine production, aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) activation, stress responses. Results: exposure activates AhR mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) signaling, increases reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, upregulates metalloproteinases (MMPs) cytokines. suppresses AhR-mediated transcriptional activity downregulates expression target genes. Additionally, reduces ROS production by upregulating antioxidant enzyme-related Conclusions: protect inhibiting highlighting their potential as natural anti-pollution skincare ingredients.

Язык: Английский

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