Faba bean introduction makes protein production less dependent on nitrogen fertilization in Mediterranean no-till systems

Field Crops Research, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 308, С. 109307 - 109307

Опубликована: Фев. 16, 2024

Under Mediterranean rainfed areas, no-till cereal-based systems have been adopted to cope with water availability and increasing input costs. However, the increased risk of biotic stresses, high N-fertilizer dependence, current EU policies warrant cropping re-design. Evaluate diversification N fertilization as strategies improve use efficiency at system level quantify its productivity. Four crop sequences combined four levels were assessed in a three-year field experiment semiarid north-eastern Spain. Crop continuous winter wheat (WCS) diversified rotations pea (PCS), faba bean (FCS), or multi-service cover (MSCS) two years cereals. Crop, pre-crop considered. Agronomic evaluation included crops above-ground biological fixation (Ndfa), net balance (Ndfa minus removed by grain), soil mineralisation productivity, energy tradeoff (ENT), protein (NUEp) production. Pea yields ranged from 0 766 kg ha−1 Ndfa 24% 54%. Faba yield 1378 4251 32% 72%. Net was close neutral for while it 41 −21 ha−1. Alternative pre-crops led greater (51 ha−1, on average) higher (564 compared pre-crop. yields, FCS presenting highest all fertilizer rates. This effect stable NUEp (1.69 supply−1), proportionally supply. Diversification improved succeeding performance grain legumes exceeded removal. Introducing into decrease productivity system. production than any other regardless rate. adds challenges risks dry areas. study shows that can system's dependence increase contributing systems' sustainability.

Язык: Английский

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Effectiveness of soil management strategies for mitigation of N₂O emissions in European arable land: A meta‐analysis

European Journal of Soil Science, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 75(3)

Опубликована: Май 1, 2024

Abstract Soil management strategies involving the application of organic matter (OM) inputs (crop residues, green and livestock manure, slurry, digestate, compost biochar) can increase soil carbon storage but simultaneously lead to an in non‐CO 2 greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions such as N O. Although multiple meta‐analyses have been conducted on topic OM input impacts GHG, none has focused specifically European arable soils. This study plugs this gap assist policymakers steering agriculture a more sustainable direction. The objective meta‐analysis was quantify how different nature quality, also strategy, mitigate O pedoclimatic conditions Europe. We quantitatively synthesised results over 50 field experiments 15 countries. Diverse crops, mainly cereals, were cultivated monoculture or crop rotations mineral Cumulative monitored during periods 30–1070 days treatments, which received inputs, alone combination with fertiliser; controls fertilised N. overall effect had slight tendency reduce by 10% ( n = 53). With increasing carbon‐to‐nitrogen ratio mitigation became pronounced. In particular, biochar significantly reduced 25% 6) 33% 8) respectively. However, their strongly depended characteristics. Regarding other types studied, emission reduction be achieved alone, without fertiliser (by 16%, 17). contrast, co‐application elevated some extent compared control 14%, 22). conclude that amongst seven are most promising practices, clearly demonstrating fertiliser. small only when applied

Язык: Английский

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Organic Manure Increases Carbon Sequestration Far beyond the “4 per 1000 Initiative” Goal on a Sandy Soil in the Thyrow Long-Term Field Experiment DIV.2

Agriculture, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 12(2), С. 170 - 170

Опубликована: Янв. 25, 2022

Carbon sequestration has been proposed as a way to mitigate the impact of CO2 on climate. At COP21, ‘4 per 1000 Soils for Food Security and Climate’ initiative was launched with goal increase global soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks by 4‰ year. The Thyrow long-term field experiment DIV.2 chosen determine feasibility this 4 under dry sandy conditions in Eastern Germany. effects different fertilizing regimes SOC contents winter rye yields were investigated. Winter is representative crop region grown monoculture experiment. achieved all treatments including unfertilized control, although ploughing takes place straw removed every highest up 0.5 t ha−1 a−1 provided combination mineral manure fertilization. In three out four years, no yield difference observed between mineral-only fertilization (120 kg N) N (97.4 plant available Yields increased over years treatment pure decreased other treatments.

Язык: Английский

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What makes an operational farm soil carbon code? Insights from a global comparison of existing soil carbon codes using a structured analytical framework

Carbon Management, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 13(1), С. 554 - 580

Опубликована: Янв. 2, 2022

Soils have the potential to sequester and store significant amounts of carbon, contributing towards climate change mitigation. Soil carbon markets are emerging pay farmers for management changes that absorb atmospheric governed by codes ensure eligibility, additionality permanence whilst protecting against leakage reversals. This paper presents first global comparative analysis farmland soil codes, providing new insights into range approaches governing this marketplace. To do this, developed an analytical framework systematic comparison which was used identify commonalities differences in approaches, methods, administration, commercialisation operations 12 publicly available from around world. Codes a mechanisms manage additionality, uncertainty risks, baselines, measurement, reporting verification, auditing, resale units, bundling stacking, stakeholder engagement market integrity. The concludes discussing existing could be adapted use UK evaluates need over-arching standard internationally, other schemes already generating credits assessed benchmarked.

Язык: Английский

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Strategies of Climate Change Mitigation in Agriculture Plant Production—A Critical Review

Energies, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 16(10), С. 4225 - 4225

Опубликована: Май 20, 2023

Agriculture is the second-highest, after energy use, source of greenhouse gas emissions, which are released from soils and animal digestion processes as a result consumption at various stages agricultural production. However, changes in management systems may mitigate negative impact this sector on atmosphere climate. This paper presents literature review agriculture potential crop production to assist mitigation global warming by increasing absorption CO2 atmosphere. The issue was considered context managing cultivation main, catch cover crops. carbon sequestration above- below-ground biomass selected crops analyzed. It stated that, depending species, main can sequester up 113 ha−1 yr−1 whole biomass, while or 14.80 0.17 respectively. benefits spread crops, such improvement soil quality (leading an increase primary yield even much 65%) phytosanitary effect, well barriers that limit use including problems with matching species climate conditions risk reducing farmers’ income, were considered. results show assimilate additional amount 4 6 tonnes yr−1, thus, spreading effective way reduce agriculture.

Язык: Английский

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Interactive effects of agricultural management on soil organic carbon accrual: A synthesis of long-term field experiments in Germany

Geoderma, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 438, С. 116616 - 116616

Опубликована: Июль 30, 2023

Crop production often leads to soil organic carbon (SOC) losses. However, under good management practice it is possible maintain and even re-accumulate SOC. We evaluated how different cropland techniques affected SOC stocks in the topsoil (0–30 cm depth) of 10 long-term experiments (LTE) Germany. found that were particularly enhanced by mineral fertilization amendments like straw incorporation a smaller degree irrigation, but only slightly choice preceding crops. In agreement with global meta-analyses, liming reduced tillage had little or negative effects on storage, also depended fertilization. Management dependent texture: sandy soils showed lowest 20.9 ± 2.3 (standard error mean) Mg ha−1, exhibited largest relative response options. Annual changes ranged from −3.0 ‰ no N fertilization, + 6.1 farmyard manure application, using mineral-fertilized limed treatment as reference. Even higher rates up 10.6 yr−1 reached combination irrigation incorporation. Note contribution accrual thus climate change mitigation must be adjusted for reduction at sites which was removed. Overall, potential agricultural influence enhance significant. This controlled type land-use duration, overall stocks, characterized antagonistic synergistic practices.

Язык: Английский

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Distinct Assembly Patterns of Soil Antibiotic Resistome Revealed by Land-Use Changes over 30 Years

Environmental Science & Technology, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 58(23), С. 10216 - 10226

Опубликована: Май 27, 2024

Compared with the ever-growing information about anthropogenic discharge of nutrients, metals, and antibiotics on disturbance antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs), less is known how potential natural stressors drive evolutionary processes resistance. This study examined soil resistomes evolved differentiated over 30 years in various land use settings spatiotemporal homogeneity minimal human impact. We found that contents organic carbon, nitrogen, microbial biomass, bioavailable heavy as well related changes resistome prevalence including diversity abundance, declined order grassland > cropland bareland. Sixty-nine remaining ARGs 14 mobile genetic elements (MGEs) were shared among three uses. Multiple factors (i.e., properties, bacterial community, MGEs) contributed to resistome, wherein profile was dominantly driven by MGEs from both direct indirect pathways, supported a partial least-squares path model analysis. Our results suggest pathways mitigate soils can coincide degradation processes, posing challenge common goal managing our environment sustainably.

Язык: Английский

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A soil productivity system reveals most Brazilian agricultural lands are below their maximum potential

Scientific Reports, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 13(1)

Опубликована: Авг. 29, 2023

Food production is extremely dependent on the soil. Brazil plays an important role in global food chain. Although only 30% of total Brazilian agricultural areas are used for crop and livestock, full soil potential needs to be evaluated due environmental legal impossibility expand agriculture new areas. A novel approach assess productive soils, called "SoilPP" based analysis (0-100 cm) - which express its pedological information machine learning presented. Historical yields sugarcane soybeans were analyzed, allowing identify where it still possible improve yields. The soybean below estimated SoilPP 46% counties could improved by proper management practices. For sugarcane, 38% can improved. This technique allowed us understand map yield situation over large areas, support farmers, consultants, industries, policymakers, world security planning.

Язык: Английский

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Benefits of organic amendments on soil C stock may be offset by increased methane flux in rice paddy field

Agriculture Ecosystems & Environment, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 359, С. 108742 - 108742

Опубликована: Сен. 17, 2023

Язык: Английский

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Black carbon in urban soils: land use and climate drive variation at the surface

Carbon Balance and Management, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 19(1)

Опубликована: Март 2, 2024

Abstract Background Black carbon (BC) encompasses a range of carbonaceous materials––including soot, char, and charcoal––derived from the incomplete combustion fossil fuels biomass. Urban soils can become enriched in BC due to proximity these sources. We conducted literature review urban globally found 26 studies reporting total organic (TOC) content collected maximum 578 cm depth across 35 cities 10 countries. recorded data on city, climate, land use/land cover characteristics examine drivers contribution TOC soil. Results All were northern hemisphere, with 68% points China United States. Surface samples (0–20 cm) accounted for 62% dataset. Therefore, we focused our analysis 0–10 10–20 depths. soil ranged 0–124 mg/g (median = 3 mg/g) at 0–53 2.8 depth. The median proportional was 23% 15% cm, respectively. sampled industrial use near roads had highest contents proportions, whereas residential sites among lowest. Soil decreased mean annual temperature. Conclusions Our indicates that comprises major fraction (nearly one quarter) surface soils, yet sampling bias towards could hide potential storage Land emerged as an importer driver effects remain uncertain. Warmer wetter have lower than cooler drier differences likely reflect loss mechanisms. Additional research diverse climates is critical better understand role global cycle.

Язык: Английский

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