Understanding Reproductive Aging in Wildlife to Improve Animal Conservation and Human Reproductive Health

Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 9

Опубликована: Май 19, 2021

Similar to humans and laboratory animals, reproductive aging is observed in wild species-from small invertebrates large mammals. Aging issues are also prevalent rare endangered species under human care as their life expectancy longer than the wild. The objectives of this review (1) present conserved well distinctive traits different animal (2) highlight value comparative studies address conservation breeding medicine, (3) suggest next steps forward that research area. From social insects mega-vertebrates, observations or centers often remain at physiological organismal scale (senescence) rather germ cell level. Overall, multiple across very (depletion ovarian reserve no decline testicular functions), but unique features exist (endless unaltered quality cells). There a broad consensus about need fill gaps because many cellular molecular processes during undescribed. More male particularly needed all species. Furthermore, on target natural habitat (sentinel species) crucial define more accurate indicators relevant other species, including humans, sharing same environment. Wild can significantly contribute our general knowledge phenomenon provide new approaches extend lifespan.

Язык: Английский

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Recent Progress in Spermatology Contributing to the Knowledge and Conservation of Rare and Endangered Species

Annual Review of Animal Biosciences, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 10(1), С. 469 - 490

Опубликована: Ноя. 11, 2021

There is a remarkable diversity in the animal kingdom regarding mechanisms underlying production, maturation, structure, and function of sperm cells. Spermatology studies contribute to knowledge species also provide information about individual or population fitness. Furthermore, this fundamental research required before collected spermatozoa can be used for conservation breeding, including assisted reproduction cryobanking. This article aims (a) review most recent on morphology wild species, (b) analyze how save their natural habitat ex situ, (c) propose future scientific directions wildlife spermatology that could positively impact conservation. Variations structure performance within between have multiple origins significance. collective body enables design implementation strategies action plans integrate several disciplines.

Язык: Английский

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Age-related changes in sperm traits and evidence for aging costs of sperm production in a sexually promiscuous passerine

Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 11

Опубликована: Фев. 14, 2023

In many animal species, organismal performance declines with age in a process known as aging or senescence. Senescence typically leads to deterioration of physiological functionality and can impact the development primary sexual phenotypes. Sperm production is complex costly that sensitive changes individual state, yet remarkably little about age-related sperm costs production. Here we use non-linear generalized additive mixed models (GAMM) modelling evaluate postcopulatory traits European barn swallow ( Hirundo rustica ), relatively short lived sexually promiscuous passerine where male extra-pair fertilization success has been shown increase age. We confirmed positive relationship between midpiece length velocity this species. Within-male morphology were general absent, only decreasing linearly increasing age, although change was negligible compared overall variation size among males. contrast, cloacal protuberance (CP) changed nonlinearly an initial first third year life followed by plateau. The results further indicate existence trade-off investments survival males large CP tended have reduced lifespan. This seems consistent idea expensive associated post-copulatory

Язык: Английский

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No general effects of advancing male age on ejaculates: a meta-analysis across the animal kingdom

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Год журнала: 2023, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Апрель 14, 2023

Abstract Senescence, the deterioration of organismal function with advancing age, is a puzzling biological phenomenon. While actuarial senescence ( i.e. , age-dependent increases in mortality rates) well described across some taxa, reproductive age- dependent declines reproduction) less understood, especially males, mixed patterns reported studies. To examine evidence for male senescence, we investigated how age affects ejaculate traits non-human animals via meta-analysis yielding 1814 effect sizes from 379 We found no general pattern senescence. Instead, high heterogeneity reproduction changes animals. Some this (>10%) was associated factors. For example, there were taxonomical differences — sperm motility declined lab rodents and fish, whereas size improved bulls, insects. methodological factors also important explaining heterogeneity: studies sampling larger proportion species’ lifespan more likely to detect traits, emphasising need full life cycle species document Contrary predictions, reveal that sporadic. Our findings will help generate novel hypotheses identify effective approaches studying

Язык: Английский

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Age trajectories in extra-pair siring success suggest an effect of maturation or early-life experience

Journal of Evolutionary Biology, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 36(9), С. 1213 - 1225

Опубликована: Июль 13, 2023

Abstract Across birds, male age is the most consistent predictor of extra-pair siring success, yet little known about effects on paternity over lifetime individuals. Here, we use data from a 13-year study population blue tits (Cyanistes caeruleus) to investigate how success changes with within Our results indicate that does not continuously increase age. Instead, was related in threshold fashion, whereby yearling males were less likely gain than older males. This effect independent social partner, but influenced by female: yearlings at young (EPY) females even lower. Among sired least one EPY, number mates and proportion EPY unrelated We found no evidence for an influence selective disappearance reproduction. Senescence, if anything, only occurs ages rarely reach. A literature review indicates may be limited switch many species. Thus, generally observed linked class rather continuous ageing. suggests lack experience or fully completed maturation are important drivers patterns paternity. In tit, gaining nests other (extra-pair paternity) fashion: successful Yearling losing out competition due incomplete maturation, experience, female preference

Язык: Английский

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Removal of older males increases extra-pair siring success of yearling males

PLoS Biology, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 22(4), С. e3002584 - e3002584

Опубликована: Апрель 16, 2024

In animals, reproductive performance typically improves over time early in life. Several ultimate and proximate mechanisms may contribute to such an age-related improvement these can act a relative or absolute sense. Low of young individuals be the consequence comparison competition with older (relative), it due specific traits unrelated presence competitors (absolute). Here, we perform test disentangle whether effect age class (yearling older) on male extra-pair siring success is absolute. Male most consistent predictor across bird species, yet underlying this pattern are not well understood. yearling males (“adult”) (hypothesis 1), because adult more successful intra- intersexual interactions females prefer copulate when available (relative preference). Alternatively, low yearlings independent 2), for example, if average invest less behavior avoid them as mates, availability (absolute To distinguish between 2 hypotheses, experimentally manipulated structure nest-box-breeding population blue tits ( Cyanistes caeruleus ) by removing almost all males, compared patterns paternity experimental year those from preceding 15 “control” years. Removal resulted substantial increase years, but did affect population-level frequency its spatial patterns. Our results provide clear evidence that depends population, indicating performance. These suggest outcompete direct indirect interactions, sperm result differences attractiveness females.

Язык: Английский

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Measuring Pre- and Post-Copulatory Sexual Selection and Their Interaction in Socially Monogamous Species with Extra-Pair Paternity

Cells, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 10(3), С. 620 - 620

Опубликована: Март 11, 2021

When females copulate with multiple males, pre- and post-copulatory sexual selection may interact synergistically or in opposition. Studying this interaction wild populations is complex potentially biased, because copulation fertilization success are often inferred from offspring parentage rather than being directly measured. Here, I simulated 15 species of socially monogamous birds varying levels extra-pair paternity, where could independently cause a male secondary trait to improve success, sperm success. By the degree correlation between traits, show that several common statistical approaches, including univariate gradients paired t-tests comparing males within-pair they cuckolded, can give highly biased results for traits. These tests should therefore be avoided traits unless known uncorrelated trait(s) impacting In contrast, multivariate analysis regression proportion brood(s) sired on (including only broods ≥1 offspring) were unbiased, appear likely unbiased under broad range conditions mating system. addition, investigated whether occurrence pre-copulatory impacted strength selection, vice versa. found no evidence an simulated, Instead, direct each was independent other selection. Although independent, two positively correlated across both increased frequency copulations these species.

Язык: Английский

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Selection on sperm size in response to promiscuity and variation in female sperm storage organs

Journal of Evolutionary Biology, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 36(1), С. 131 - 143

Опубликована: Ноя. 10, 2022

Abstract Sperm cells are exceptionally morphologically diverse across taxa. However, morphology can be quite uniform within species, particularly for species where females copulate with many males per reproductive bout. Strong sexual selection in these promiscuous is widely hypothesized to reduce intraspecific sperm variation. Conversely, we hypothesize that size variation may maintained by high among‐female the of storage organs, assuming paternity success improves when compatible organ. We use individual‐based simulations and an analytical model evaluate how on depends promiscuity level organ (hereafter, female preference variation). Simulations (10 mates female) showed stabilizing was low, disruptive high, consistent results. With low (2–3 female), all levels simulations, contrasting model. Promiscuity level, or mate sampling, thus has a strong impact resulting from preferences. Furthermore, male traits will occur under much more limited circumstances (i.e. only higher variation) than previous models suggest. Variation organs likely implications highly but does not explain differences less

Язык: Английский

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Flagellum tapering and midpiece volume in songbird spermatozoa

Journal of Morphology, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 283(12), С. 1577 - 1589

Опубликована: Окт. 19, 2022

In contrast to numerous studies on spermatozoa length, relatively little work focuses the width of spermatozoa, and particularly midpiece flagellum. flagellated flagellum provides forward thrust while energy may be provided via mitochondria in and/or through glycolysis along itself. Longer flagella able provide greater but also require stronger structural features more or larger supply sufficient energy. Here, we use scanning electron microscopy investigate ultrastructure from 55 passerine species 26 taxonomic families Passerides infraorder. Our data confirm qualitative observation that tapers its show longer are wider at neck. This pattern is similar mammals, likely reflects need for cells against shearing forces. We further estimate volume mitochondrial helix it correlates well with supporting length as a proxy volume, least between-species where highly variable. These results important context understanding evolutionary correlations among different sperm cell components dimensions.

Язык: Английский

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Analysis of correlated responses in key ejaculatory traits to artificial selection on a diversifying secondary sexual trait

Journal of Insect Physiology, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 133, С. 104291 - 104291

Опубликована: Авг. 1, 2021

Язык: Английский

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