International Journal of Science Letters,
Год журнала:
2022,
Номер
unknown
Опубликована: Июль 24, 2022
By
determining
the
species-specific
structure
by
morphological
examination
of
sperm,
it
is
possible
to
improve
some
disadvantages
related
short
and
long-term
storage
use
in
artificial
insemination
applications.
When
morphology
canary
spermatozoon
evaluated,
seen
that
has
a
long
indented
acrosome
as
well
rather
flagellum.
To
determine
semen,
methods
used
different
poultry
can
be
applied
visually
evaluated
with
shapes.
This
study
aims
provide
information
about
comparison
usability
various
staining
semen
from
songbirds.
In
this
study,
12
male
Gloster
canaries
was
collected
parameters
semen.
Collected
evaluation
methods;
Fixation
5%
formaldehyde,
Formalin
fixation
Giemsa
staining,
fixation,
SpermBlue
were
evaluated.
results
while
nucleus
more
prominent
compared
other
for
evaluation,
observed
staining.
On
hand,
when
sperm
fixed
formaldehyde
solution
indistinguishable,
changes
flagellum
determined
much
clearly.
As
result
reported
could
all
used.
Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology,
Год журнала:
2021,
Номер
9
Опубликована: Май 19, 2021
Similar
to
humans
and
laboratory
animals,
reproductive
aging
is
observed
in
wild
species-from
small
invertebrates
large
mammals.
Aging
issues
are
also
prevalent
rare
endangered
species
under
human
care
as
their
life
expectancy
longer
than
the
wild.
The
objectives
of
this
review
(1)
present
conserved
well
distinctive
traits
different
animal
(2)
highlight
value
comparative
studies
address
conservation
breeding
medicine,
(3)
suggest
next
steps
forward
that
research
area.
From
social
insects
mega-vertebrates,
observations
or
centers
often
remain
at
physiological
organismal
scale
(senescence)
rather
germ
cell
level.
Overall,
multiple
across
very
(depletion
ovarian
reserve
no
decline
testicular
functions),
but
unique
features
exist
(endless
unaltered
quality
cells).
There
a
broad
consensus
about
need
fill
gaps
because
many
cellular
molecular
processes
during
undescribed.
More
male
particularly
needed
all
species.
Furthermore,
on
target
natural
habitat
(sentinel
species)
crucial
define
more
accurate
indicators
relevant
other
species,
including
humans,
sharing
same
environment.
Wild
can
significantly
contribute
our
general
knowledge
phenomenon
provide
new
approaches
extend
lifespan.
Annual Review of Animal Biosciences,
Год журнала:
2021,
Номер
10(1), С. 469 - 490
Опубликована: Ноя. 11, 2021
There
is
a
remarkable
diversity
in
the
animal
kingdom
regarding
mechanisms
underlying
production,
maturation,
structure,
and
function
of
sperm
cells.
Spermatology
studies
contribute
to
knowledge
species
also
provide
information
about
individual
or
population
fitness.
Furthermore,
this
fundamental
research
required
before
collected
spermatozoa
can
be
used
for
conservation
breeding,
including
assisted
reproduction
cryobanking.
This
article
aims
(a)
review
most
recent
on
morphology
wild
species,
(b)
analyze
how
save
their
natural
habitat
ex
situ,
(c)
propose
future
scientific
directions
wildlife
spermatology
that
could
positively
impact
conservation.
Variations
structure
performance
within
between
have
multiple
origins
significance.
collective
body
enables
design
implementation
strategies
action
plans
integrate
several
disciplines.
Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
11
Опубликована: Фев. 14, 2023
In
many
animal
species,
organismal
performance
declines
with
age
in
a
process
known
as
aging
or
senescence.
Senescence
typically
leads
to
deterioration
of
physiological
functionality
and
can
impact
the
development
primary
sexual
phenotypes.
Sperm
production
is
complex
costly
that
sensitive
changes
individual
state,
yet
remarkably
little
about
age-related
sperm
costs
production.
Here
we
use
non-linear
generalized
additive
mixed
models
(GAMM)
modelling
evaluate
postcopulatory
traits
European
barn
swallow
(
Hirundo
rustica
),
relatively
short
lived
sexually
promiscuous
passerine
where
male
extra-pair
fertilization
success
has
been
shown
increase
age.
We
confirmed
positive
relationship
between
midpiece
length
velocity
this
species.
Within-male
morphology
were
general
absent,
only
decreasing
linearly
increasing
age,
although
change
was
negligible
compared
overall
variation
size
among
males.
contrast,
cloacal
protuberance
(CP)
changed
nonlinearly
an
initial
first
third
year
life
followed
by
plateau.
The
results
further
indicate
existence
trade-off
investments
survival
males
large
CP
tended
have
reduced
lifespan.
This
seems
consistent
idea
expensive
associated
post-copulatory
bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory),
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
unknown
Опубликована: Апрель 14, 2023
Abstract
Senescence,
the
deterioration
of
organismal
function
with
advancing
age,
is
a
puzzling
biological
phenomenon.
While
actuarial
senescence
(
i.e.
,
age-dependent
increases
in
mortality
rates)
well
described
across
some
taxa,
reproductive
age-
dependent
declines
reproduction)
less
understood,
especially
males,
mixed
patterns
reported
studies.
To
examine
evidence
for
male
senescence,
we
investigated
how
age
affects
ejaculate
traits
non-human
animals
via
meta-analysis
yielding
1814
effect
sizes
from
379
We
found
no
general
pattern
senescence.
Instead,
high
heterogeneity
reproduction
changes
animals.
Some
this
(>10%)
was
associated
factors.
For
example,
there
were
taxonomical
differences
—
sperm
motility
declined
lab
rodents
and
fish,
whereas
size
improved
bulls,
insects.
methodological
factors
also
important
explaining
heterogeneity:
studies
sampling
larger
proportion
species’
lifespan
more
likely
to
detect
traits,
emphasising
need
full
life
cycle
species
document
Contrary
predictions,
reveal
that
sporadic.
Our
findings
will
help
generate
novel
hypotheses
identify
effective
approaches
studying
Journal of Evolutionary Biology,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
36(9), С. 1213 - 1225
Опубликована: Июль 13, 2023
Abstract
Across
birds,
male
age
is
the
most
consistent
predictor
of
extra-pair
siring
success,
yet
little
known
about
effects
on
paternity
over
lifetime
individuals.
Here,
we
use
data
from
a
13-year
study
population
blue
tits
(Cyanistes
caeruleus)
to
investigate
how
success
changes
with
within
Our
results
indicate
that
does
not
continuously
increase
age.
Instead,
was
related
in
threshold
fashion,
whereby
yearling
males
were
less
likely
gain
than
older
males.
This
effect
independent
social
partner,
but
influenced
by
female:
yearlings
at
young
(EPY)
females
even
lower.
Among
sired
least
one
EPY,
number
mates
and
proportion
EPY
unrelated
We
found
no
evidence
for
an
influence
selective
disappearance
reproduction.
Senescence,
if
anything,
only
occurs
ages
rarely
reach.
A
literature
review
indicates
may
be
limited
switch
many
species.
Thus,
generally
observed
linked
class
rather
continuous
ageing.
suggests
lack
experience
or
fully
completed
maturation
are
important
drivers
patterns
paternity.
In
tit,
gaining
nests
other
(extra-pair
paternity)
fashion:
successful
Yearling
losing
out
competition
due
incomplete
maturation,
experience,
female
preference
PLoS Biology,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
22(4), С. e3002584 - e3002584
Опубликована: Апрель 16, 2024
In
animals,
reproductive
performance
typically
improves
over
time
early
in
life.
Several
ultimate
and
proximate
mechanisms
may
contribute
to
such
an
age-related
improvement
these
can
act
a
relative
or
absolute
sense.
Low
of
young
individuals
be
the
consequence
comparison
competition
with
older
(relative),
it
due
specific
traits
unrelated
presence
competitors
(absolute).
Here,
we
perform
test
disentangle
whether
effect
age
class
(yearling
older)
on
male
extra-pair
siring
success
is
absolute.
Male
most
consistent
predictor
across
bird
species,
yet
underlying
this
pattern
are
not
well
understood.
yearling
males
(“adult”)
(hypothesis
1),
because
adult
more
successful
intra-
intersexual
interactions
females
prefer
copulate
when
available
(relative
preference).
Alternatively,
low
yearlings
independent
2),
for
example,
if
average
invest
less
behavior
avoid
them
as
mates,
availability
(absolute
To
distinguish
between
2
hypotheses,
experimentally
manipulated
structure
nest-box-breeding
population
blue
tits
(
Cyanistes
caeruleus
)
by
removing
almost
all
males,
compared
patterns
paternity
experimental
year
those
from
preceding
15
“control”
years.
Removal
resulted
substantial
increase
years,
but
did
affect
population-level
frequency
its
spatial
patterns.
Our
results
provide
clear
evidence
that
depends
population,
indicating
performance.
These
suggest
outcompete
direct
indirect
interactions,
sperm
result
differences
attractiveness
females.
Cells,
Год журнала:
2021,
Номер
10(3), С. 620 - 620
Опубликована: Март 11, 2021
When
females
copulate
with
multiple
males,
pre-
and
post-copulatory
sexual
selection
may
interact
synergistically
or
in
opposition.
Studying
this
interaction
wild
populations
is
complex
potentially
biased,
because
copulation
fertilization
success
are
often
inferred
from
offspring
parentage
rather
than
being
directly
measured.
Here,
I
simulated
15
species
of
socially
monogamous
birds
varying
levels
extra-pair
paternity,
where
could
independently
cause
a
male
secondary
trait
to
improve
success,
sperm
success.
By
the
degree
correlation
between
traits,
show
that
several
common
statistical
approaches,
including
univariate
gradients
paired
t-tests
comparing
males
within-pair
they
cuckolded,
can
give
highly
biased
results
for
traits.
These
tests
should
therefore
be
avoided
traits
unless
known
uncorrelated
trait(s)
impacting
In
contrast,
multivariate
analysis
regression
proportion
brood(s)
sired
on
(including
only
broods
≥1
offspring)
were
unbiased,
appear
likely
unbiased
under
broad
range
conditions
mating
system.
addition,
investigated
whether
occurrence
pre-copulatory
impacted
strength
selection,
vice
versa.
found
no
evidence
an
simulated,
Instead,
direct
each
was
independent
other
selection.
Although
independent,
two
positively
correlated
across
both
increased
frequency
copulations
these
species.
Journal of Evolutionary Biology,
Год журнала:
2022,
Номер
36(1), С. 131 - 143
Опубликована: Ноя. 10, 2022
Abstract
Sperm
cells
are
exceptionally
morphologically
diverse
across
taxa.
However,
morphology
can
be
quite
uniform
within
species,
particularly
for
species
where
females
copulate
with
many
males
per
reproductive
bout.
Strong
sexual
selection
in
these
promiscuous
is
widely
hypothesized
to
reduce
intraspecific
sperm
variation.
Conversely,
we
hypothesize
that
size
variation
may
maintained
by
high
among‐female
the
of
storage
organs,
assuming
paternity
success
improves
when
compatible
organ.
We
use
individual‐based
simulations
and
an
analytical
model
evaluate
how
on
depends
promiscuity
level
organ
(hereafter,
female
preference
variation).
Simulations
(10
mates
female)
showed
stabilizing
was
low,
disruptive
high,
consistent
results.
With
low
(2–3
female),
all
levels
simulations,
contrasting
model.
Promiscuity
level,
or
mate
sampling,
thus
has
a
strong
impact
resulting
from
preferences.
Furthermore,
male
traits
will
occur
under
much
more
limited
circumstances
(i.e.
only
higher
variation)
than
previous
models
suggest.
Variation
organs
likely
implications
highly
but
does
not
explain
differences
less
Journal of Morphology,
Год журнала:
2022,
Номер
283(12), С. 1577 - 1589
Опубликована: Окт. 19, 2022
In
contrast
to
numerous
studies
on
spermatozoa
length,
relatively
little
work
focuses
the
width
of
spermatozoa,
and
particularly
midpiece
flagellum.
flagellated
flagellum
provides
forward
thrust
while
energy
may
be
provided
via
mitochondria
in
and/or
through
glycolysis
along
itself.
Longer
flagella
able
provide
greater
but
also
require
stronger
structural
features
more
or
larger
supply
sufficient
energy.
Here,
we
use
scanning
electron
microscopy
investigate
ultrastructure
from
55
passerine
species
26
taxonomic
families
Passerides
infraorder.
Our
data
confirm
qualitative
observation
that
tapers
its
show
longer
are
wider
at
neck.
This
pattern
is
similar
mammals,
likely
reflects
need
for
cells
against
shearing
forces.
We
further
estimate
volume
mitochondrial
helix
it
correlates
well
with
supporting
length
as
a
proxy
volume,
least
between-species
where
highly
variable.
These
results
important
context
understanding
evolutionary
correlations
among
different
sperm
cell
components
dimensions.