Progress in Understanding Oxidative Stress, Aging, and Aging-Related Diseases

Antioxidants, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 13(4), С. 394 - 394

Опубликована: Март 25, 2024

Under normal physiological conditions, reactive oxygen species (ROS) are produced through redox reactions as byproducts of respiratory and metabolic activities. However, due to various endogenous exogenous factors, the body may produce excessive ROS, which leads oxidative stress (OS). Numerous studies have shown that OS causes a variety pathological changes in cells, including mitochondrial dysfunction, DNA damage, telomere shortening, lipid peroxidation, protein modification, all can trigger apoptosis senescence. also induces aging-related diseases, such retinal disease, neurodegenerative osteoarthritis, cardiovascular cancer, ovarian prostate disease. In this review, we aim introduce multiple internal external triggers mediate ROS levels rodents humans well relationship between OS, aging, diseases. Finally, present statistical analysis effective antioxidant measures currently being developed applied field aging research.

Язык: Английский

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NADPH Oxidases: From Molecular Mechanisms to Current Inhibitors

Journal of Medicinal Chemistry, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 66(17), С. 11632 - 11655

Опубликована: Авг. 31, 2023

NADPH oxidases (NOXs) form a family of electron-transporting membrane enzymes whose main function is reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. Strong evidence suggests that ROS produced by NOX are major contributors to oxidative damage under pathologic conditions. Therefore, blocking the undesirable actions these therapeutic strategy for treating various pathological disorders, such as cardiovascular diseases, inflammation, and cancer. To date, identification selective inhibitors quite challenging, precluding pharmacologic demonstration targets in vivo. The aim this Perspective furnish an updated outlook about small-molecule described over last two decades. Structures, activities, vitro/in vivo specificity discussed, well biological assays used.

Язык: Английский

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Engineered Exosome for Drug Delivery: Recent Development and Clinical Applications

International Journal of Nanomedicine, Год журнала: 2023, Номер Volume 18, С. 7923 - 7940

Опубликована: Дек. 1, 2023

Exosomes are nano-sized membrane vesicles that transfer bioactive molecules between cells and modulate various biological processes under physiological pathological conditions. By applying bioengineering technologies, exosomes can be modified to express specific markers or carry therapeutic cargo emerge as novel platforms for the treatment of cancer, neurological, cardiovascular, immune, infectious diseases. However, there many challenges uncertainties in clinical translation exosomes. This review aims provide an overview recent advances engineered exosomes, with a special focus on methods strategies loading drugs into pros cons different methods, optimization exosome production based encapsulated. Moreover, we also summarize current applications prospects well potential risks limitations need addressed engineering, including standardization preparation engineering protocols, quality quantity control drug release, immunogenicity cytotoxicity Overall, represent exciting frontier nanomedicine, but they still face large-scale production, maintenance storage stability, translation. With continuous this field, exosome-based formulation could offer great promise targeted human

Язык: Английский

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Oxidative stress and inflammation in the pathogenesis of neurological disorders: Mechanisms and implications

Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 15(1), С. 15 - 34

Опубликована: Окт. 16, 2024

Neuroprotection is a proactive approach to safeguarding the nervous system, including brain, spinal cord, and peripheral nerves, by preventing or limiting damage nerve cells other components. It primarily defends central system against injury from acute progressive neurodegenerative disorders. Oxidative stress, an imbalance between body's natural defense mechanisms generation of reactive oxygen species, crucial in developing neurological Due its high metabolic rate consumption, brain particularly vulnerable oxidative stress. Excessive ROS damages essential biomolecules, leading cellular malfunction neurodegeneration. Several disorders, Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, multiple ischemic stroke, are associated with Understanding impact stress these conditions for new treatment methods. Researchers exploring using antioxidants molecules mitigate aiming prevent slow down progression diseases. By understanding intricate interplay scientists hope pave way innovative therapeutic preventive approaches, ultimately improving individuals' living standards.

Язык: Английский

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Neurodegenerative disorders: Mechanisms of degeneration and therapeutic approaches with their clinical relevance

Ageing Research Reviews, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 99, С. 102357 - 102357

Опубликована: Июнь 1, 2024

Neurodegenerative disorders (NDs) are expected to pose a significant challenge for both medicine and public health in the upcoming years due global demographic changes. NDs mainly represented by degeneration/loss of neurons, which is primarily accountable severe mental illness. This neuronal degeneration leads many neuropsychiatric problems permanent disability an individual. Moreover, tight junction brain, blood-brain barrier (BBB)has protective feature, functioning as biological that can prevent medicines, toxins, foreign substances from entering brain. However, delivering any medicinal agent brain (i.e., Multiple sclerosis, Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, etc.) enormously challenging. There approved therapies address NDs, but most them only help treat associated manifestations. The available have failed control progression certain factors, i.e., BBB drug-associated undesirable effects. extremely complex pathology, with pathogenic mechanisms involved initiation progression; thereby, limited survival rate has been observed ND patients. Hence, understanding exact mechanism behind crucial developing alternative approaches improving patients' rates. Thus, present review sheds light on different cellular novel therapeutic their clinical relevance, will assist researchers alternate strategies limitations conventional therapies. current work offers scope into near future improve approach NDs.

Язык: Английский

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The Potential Health Benefits of Gallic Acid: Therapeutic and Food Applications

Antioxidants, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 13(8), С. 1001 - 1001

Опубликована: Авг. 18, 2024

Gallic acid (GA), a phenolic found in fruits and vegetables, has been consumed by humans for centuries. Its extensive health benefits, such as antimicrobial, antioxidant, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antiviral properties, have well-documented. GA's potent antioxidant capabilities enable it to neutralize free radicals, reduce oxidative stress, protect cells from damage. Additionally, GA exerts anti-inflammatory effects inhibiting inflammatory cytokines enzymes, making potential therapeutic agent diseases. It also demonstrates anticancer properties cancer cell growth promoting apoptosis. Furthermore, offers cardiovascular lowering blood pressure, decreasing cholesterol, enhancing endothelial function, which may aid the prevention management of This review covers chemical structure, sources, identification quantification methods, biological GA, along with its applications food. As research progresses, future appears promising, uses functional foods, pharmaceuticals, nutraceuticals aimed at improving overall preventing disease. However, ongoing innovation are necessary fully understand address current challenges, establish mainstay nutritional interventions.

Язык: Английский

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Exploring the causal relationships between type 2 diabetes and neurological disorders using a Mendelian randomization strategy

Medicine, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 103(46), С. e40412 - e40412

Опубликована: Ноя. 15, 2024

While there is ample evidence indicating an increased occurrence of general neurological conditions among individuals with diabetes, has been limited exploration into the cause-and-effect connection between type 2 diabetes (T2D) and specific disorders, including like carpal tunnel syndrome Bell’s palsy. We used Mendelian randomization (MR) approach to investigate causal effects T2D on 67 diseases. primarily utilized inverse-variance weighted method for analysis, also employed median MR-Egger methods in our study. To detect correct potential outliers, MR-PRESSO analysis was used. Heterogeneity assessed using Cochrane Q-values. The MR analyses found a possible relationship risk increase 8 diseases at suggestive level ( P < .05). Notably, positive findings that met false discovery rate threshold, nerve, nerve root, plexus disorders (odds ratio [OR] = 1.11; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.08–1.15); (OR 1.05; CI 1.03–1.07) 1.10; 1.05–1.16) were identified. Our affirm association certain disorders.

Язык: Английский

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Recent Advances in the Mechanisms of Postoperative Neurocognitive Dysfunction: A Narrative Review

Biomedicines, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 13(1), С. 115 - 115

Опубликована: Янв. 7, 2025

Postoperative neurocognitive dysfunction (PND) is a prevalent and debilitating complication in elderly surgical patients, characterized by persistent cognitive decline that negatively affects recovery quality of life. As the aging population grows, rising number patients has made PND an urgent clinical challenge. Despite increasing research efforts, pathophysiological mechanisms underlying remain inadequately characterized, underscoring need for more integrated framework to guide targeted interventions. To better understand molecular therapeutic targets PND, this narrative review synthesized evidence from peer-reviewed studies, identified through comprehensive searches PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web Science. Key findings highlight neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, neurotransmitter imbalances, microvascular changes, white matter lesions as central pathophysiology, with particular parallels encephalocele- sepsis-associated impairments. Among these, mediated pathways such NLRP3 inflammasome blood-brain barrier disruption, emerges pivotal driver, triggering cascades exacerbate neuronal injury. Oxidative stress synergistically amplify these effects, while imbalances alterations, including lesions, contribute synaptic decline. Anesthetic agents modulate interconnected pathways, exhibiting both protective detrimental effects. Propofol dexmedetomidine demonstrate neuroprotective properties suppressing neuroinflammation microglial activation, whereas inhalational anesthetics like sevoflurane intensify inflammatory responses. Ketamine, its anti-inflammatory potential, offers promise but requires further evaluation determine long-term safety efficacy. By bridging insights practice, highlights critical role personalized anesthetic strategies mitigating improving patients. It aims inform future decision-making address multifaceted

Язык: Английский

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Unraveling the dual role of bilirubin in neurological Diseases: A Comprehensive exploration of its neuroprotective and neurotoxic effects

Brain Research, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown, С. 149472 - 149472

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2025

Язык: Английский

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Dietary Patterns, Oxidative Stress, and Early Inflammation: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Comparing Mediterranean, Vegan, and Vegetarian Diets

Nutrients, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 17(3), С. 548 - 548

Опубликована: Янв. 31, 2025

Background: Dietary habits influenced by lifestyle and cultural factors play a critical role in health modulating oxidative stress inflammation. While diets offer significant benefits, they may also pose risks, such as nutrient deficiencies, emphasizing the need for balanced approach. Exploring Mediterranean plant-based diet effects on inflammation biomarkers help improve outcomes disease prevention strategies. Methods: This study analyzed 65 studies following PRISMA guidelines to evaluate of healthy individuals. Results: The was weakly associated with reductions markers, including MDA (ROM: 0.80; 95% CI: 0.57–1.13; p = 0.2092) 8OHdG 0.81; 0.59–1.11; 0.1847), well markers CRP 0.72; 0.42–1.23; 0.1545) IL-6 1.23; 0.97–1.55; 0.08). vegetarian significantly reduced 0.82; 0.69–0.98; 0.0297), while vegan showed borderline reduction 0.56–1.17; 0.2544), suggesting lower systemic compared omnivorous diets. Conclusions: Although all three demonstrate potential reducing inflammation, antioxidant effects—especially diet—are than anticipated, indicating alternative mechanisms. Further research is essential confirm these findings clarify underlying mechanisms enhance preventive

Язык: Английский

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